Ingabe i-FDA iyafana nesitifiketi se-NSF
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Ingabe i-FDA iyafana nesitifiketi se-NSF?
I-FDA ne-NSF zivame ukukhulunywa ndawonye, kodwa ziyizinhlobo ezehlukene zenhlangano ezinendima ehlukene. I-FDA iyisikhungo sikahulumeni saseMelika esilawula izinto ezithinta ukudla ngokomthetho; i-NSF (NSF International) iyinhlangano ethuthukisa amazinga futhi eqinisekisa, amazinga ayo e-NSF/ANSI asetshenziswa kabanzi. Into ingaba 'ihambisana ne-FDA' ngokomthetho futhi ibe 'iqinisekisiwe yi-NSF' ngokwamazinga okuzithandela - lezi zimbili zichaza ubufakazi obuhlukene, futhi enye ayithathi indawo yenye.
I-Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd. (Center Enamel) ihlinzeka ngamathangi anezinto ezithinta ukudla ezibhalwe ngokwesakhiwo se-FDA esisebenzayo, futhi lapho iphrojekthi idinga khona, iqinisekiswa ngezinga le-NSF/ANSI elifanele, inikeza zombili izinhlobo zobufakazi esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi enye ihlanganisa enye.
1. I-FDA Umthetho, I-NSF Izinga
Igunya le-FDA livela kuMthetho Wokudla, Izidakamizwa, Nezimonyo Wombuso; ligunyaza izinto ezithinta ukudla futhi libeka imingcele. I-NSF iyinhlangano engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, egunyaziwe eyakha izindinganiso zokuvumelana ezifana ne-NSF/ANSI 51 yemishini yokudla kanye ne-NSF/ANSI 61 yamanzi okuphuza, bese iqinisekisa imikhiqizo ngokumelene nazo ngokuhlolwa kwabantu besithathu. I-FDA ibeka isisekelo somthetho; isitifiketi se-NSF siwubufakazi bokuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nendinganiso eshicilelwe, ngokuvamile leyo ebhekisela noma edlula imfuneko yomthetho.
· I-FDA nguHulumeni: Isikhungo sikahulumeni esinegunya elingokomthetho phezu kokudla okuthintwayo.
· I-NSF Yamukelwe: Inhlangano yamazinga kanye nomqinisekisi, hhayi umlawuli.
· Izindima Ezihlukene: Omunye wenza umthetho; omunye uhlola ngokumelene nezinga.
· I-NSF/ANSI 51: Izinga lemishini yokudla elivame ukucashunwa emathangini.
· I-NSF/ANSI 61: Izinga lokuthintana namanzi okuphuza, umkhakha ohlukile.
2. Lokho Ngakunye Okukuqinisekisayo
Ukuhambisana ne-FDA kukhoniswa ngokubonisa ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye emanzi ihlangabezana ne-21 CFR - ukuboniswa kwezinga lezinto, okusemthethweni. Isitifiketi se-NSF sikhoniswa ngokuhlola umkhiqizo othile ngokumelene nezinga le-NSF/ANSI nokuwufaka ohlwini; kusemkhiqizweni othile futhi kuyavuselelwa. Ethangini, ubufakazi be-FDA buphendula 'ingabe le nto isemthethweni ekuthinteni ukudla', kuyilapho i-NSF/ANSI 51 iphendula 'ingabe le mishini ihlangabezana nezinga elishicilelwe lemishini yokudla'.
· FDA = Into Isemthethweni: Ingxenye ngayinye ihlangabezana ne-21 CFR.
· NSF = Umkhiqizo Ufakiwe Ohlwini: Umkhiqizo othile uyaphasa izinga.
· Imibuzo Ehlukene: Into esemthethweni vs imishini eqinisekisiwe.
· Ukuvuselelwa: Uhlu lwe-NSF luyagcinwa futhi luhlolwe kabusha.
· Ububanzi buyehluka: 51 imishini yokudla; 61 amanzi okuphuza.
3. Ukuhlangana nendlela yokucacisa
Kukhona ukuhlangana kodwa hhayi ukulingana. Ithangi lingaba kokubili okuhambisana ne-FDA ezintweni zokwakha futhi libe nesitifiketi se-NSF njengemishini, futhi amaphrojekthi amaningi okudla namanzi acela kokubili. Ukucacisa kufanele kusho lokho okudingeka ngempela: emanzini okuphuza yi-NSF/ANSI 61 (futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-FDA yezinhlelo zamanzi ezisezingeni lokudla); emishinini yokudla okomile lokho kuvame ukuba yi-NSF/ANSI 51 kanye nokuhambisana kwezinto ze-FDA. Ukucela 'i-FDA noma i-NSF' njengokungathi ziyafana kuholela ekutheni kunikezwe ubufakazi obungalungile.
· Kokubili Kungenzeka: Ithangi lingaba nazo zombili izinhlobo zobufakazi.
· Shono Isidingo: Amanzi uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini yokudla kunquma izinga.
· I-NSF/ANSI 61: Amanzi okuphuza; hhayi ububanzi bemishini yokudla.
· I-NSF/ANSI 51: Imishini yokudla; ihlukile kwe-61.
· Gwema Ukudideka: Cacisa izinga eliqondile kanye nomthetho.
Ipharamitha yokuklama | Inani elijwayelekile noma ibanga | Kungani kubalulekile |
Isisekelo se-FDA | 21 CFR, umthetho wobumbuso | Igunyaza izinto ezithinta ukudla |
Isisekelo se-NSF | Izindinganiso zokuvumelana ze-NSF/ANSI | 51 imishini yokudla, 61 amanzi okuphuza |
Uhlobo lobufakazi | Uhlu lwezinto kanye nomkhiqizo | Imithombo ehlukene yobufakazi |
Ukuhlangana | Kuvamile kodwa akulingani | Qinisekisa kokubili lapho kudingeka |
Incazelo | Shono izinga eliqondile | Gwema ukungacaci kwe-'FDA noma NSF' |
Umkhawulo okufanele uhlolwe | Ukufakwa kuhlu kwe-NSF akuhambisani ngokuzenzakalela ne-FDA | Qinisekisa izinto ezimanzi ngokwehlukana |
Isici | FDA | NSF (NSF/ANSI) | Qaphela |
Uhlobo | Isikhungo sikahulumeni | Inhlangano yamazinga egunyaziwe | Izimo ezihlukene |
Isisekelo | Umthetho we-21 CFR | Amazinga avunyelwane (51, 61...) | Umthetho vs izinga elishicilelwe |
Ubufakazi | Ukuhambisana kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo | Isitifiketi somkhiqizo osohlwini | Ubufakazi obuhlukile |
Isibonelo sobubanzi | Izinto ezithinta ukudla | Imishini yokudla / amanzi okuphuza | 51 ne-61 kuyahluka |
Isiqinisekiso Sobunjiniyela kanye Nosekelo Lwephrojekthi
Wonke amathangi alethwa yiShijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd. (Center Enamel) aklanywa ngokuhambisana ne-AWWA D103-09 kanye ne-EN 1090 ngokuqinisekiswa kwe-finite element yemithwalo yogobolondo, uphahla kanye ne-nozzle, ahlanganiswa ku-820-930°C ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ahlolwa nge-holiday test ku-1500 V kuyo yonke indawo engaphezulu, futhi ahlanganiswa ngamabhawodi e-Grade 8.8 kanye ne-sealant eqinisekiswe umkhiqizi. Amathangi athintana nokudla anikezwa ngokuhambisana kwezinga le-FDA lezingxenye kanye nokuthi, lapho iphrojekthi idinga khona, isitifiketi esihambisana nezinga le-NSF/ANSI elifanele, kanye nezitatimende zempahla kanye nohlu lomkhiqizo okunikezwa ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa ukuze umthengi akwazi ukukhombisa ngokunembile lokho okuqinisekisiwe.
I-FDA ne-NSF azifani. I-FDA igunyaza izinto ezithinta ukudla ngokomthetho; i-NSF iqinisekisa imikhiqizo ngokwezindinganiso ezishicilelwe njenge-NSF/ANSI 51 kanye ne-61. Ziyahlangana kodwa azithathi indawo yezinye, futhi incazelo kufanele ibize ubufakazi obuqondile obudingekayo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
Uma ithangi linqinisekiswe yi-NSF, ingabe lizihambela ngokuzenzakalela ngokuhambisana ne-FDA?
Akunjalo ngempela. Isitifiketi se-NSF ku, ngokwesibonelo, i-NSF/ANSI 51 sibonisa ukuthi imishini ihlangabezana naleyo ndinganiso eshicilelwe, okuvame ukuhambisana nezidingo ze-FDA, kodwa lezi zimbili ziyimithombo ehlukene yobufakazi. Indlela ehlakaniphile ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi izinto ezimanzi nazo zihlangabezana ne-21 CFR kunokucabanga ukuthi uhlu lwe-NSF luhlanganisa imfuneko yomthetho.
Yikuphi okubaluleke kakhulu embonini yokudla yase-United States?
Kokubili kulindelekile ngokujwayelekile. Ukuhambisana nezinto ze-FDA kuyisisekelo esingokomthetho; isitifiketi se-NSF/ANSI 51 sivame ukucaciswa izitshalo zokudla, abahloli kanye nabathengi njengobufakazi bokuthi imishini ihlangabezana nezinga lemishini yokudla elaziwayo. Incazelo kufanele iveze kokubili lapho kudingeka.
Emanzini okuphuza, ingabe i-NSF/ANSI 61 ilingana ne-FDA?
Cha. I-NSF/ANSI 61 iyindinganiso yokuxhumana namanzi okuphuza; imithetho ye-FDA yokuxhumana nokudla iyingxenye ehlukile. Ithangi lamanzi aphuzwayo lidinga i-NSF/ANSI 61 (noma okulingana nayo endaweni), futhi ukuhambisana nezinto ze-FDA kubalulekile lapho amanzi ebuye abe uhlelo lwezinga lokudla. Zisabela imibuzo ehlukene.
Ingabe ithangi lingenzelwa ukuhlangabezana nakho kokubili?
Yebo. Udonga kanye ne-sealant kungakhethwa futhi kubhalwe phansi ukuze kuhambisane nezinto ze-FDA, futhi kuqinisekiswe ngokwezinga le-NSF/ANSI elifanele, kanye nezitatimende zezingxenye kanye nohlu lomkhiqizo okunikezwa ngesikhathi sokudluliswa.
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