Amathangi Ophahla Oluntantayo Angaphakathi vs. Angaphandle: Ukuqhathanisa Kwezobuchwepheshe & Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha
Kwadalwa ngo 2025.08.04
Amathangi Angaphakathi vs. Angaphandle Okuntanta Uphahla: Ukuqhathanisa Kobuchwepheshe & Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha
Ezimbonini zika-petroleum, petrochemical, kanye ne-chemical processing, amathangi okugcina angaphezulu komhlaba (ASTs) aqukethe uketshezi oluguquguqukayo abhekana nokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kobunjiniyela. Inselele eyinhloko yokusebenza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ukuvimbela ukulahleka kokuhwamuka komkhiqizo, nokugcina ukuthobela ukuphepha okuqinile ngaphansi kwamazinga omhlaba afana ne-API 650 ne-API 653.
Ukuze kulawuleke ukukhiqizwa komhwamuko, onjiniyela bakhetha phakathi kwezinhlelo ezimbili eziyinhloko zophahla olunyakathekayo: Amathangi e-Internal Floating Roof (IFR) namathangi e-External Floating Roof (EFR). Nakuba zombili lezi zinhlelo zine-deck eguquguqukayo ehlala ngqo phezu kobuso boketshezi ukuze icindezele isikhala somhwamuko, ukwakheka kwazo, ukuba sengozini yezulu, kanye nezindleko zokwakha kuhluke kakhulu.
1. Amathangi e-Internal Floating Roof (IFR): Ukwakheka Nokusebenza
Ithangi elingaphakathi elintanta ngaphansi kophahla olungaguquki lihlanganisa uphahla olungaphezulu olungaguquki (olufana nekhoni elizisekelayo noma idome ye-aluminium ye-geodesic) kanye nedekhi elintantayo elibekwe ngaphakathi komzimba wethangi.
● Ukuhlukaniswa Kwesimo Sezulu: Ngenxa yokuthi uphahla olungaphezulu olungaguquki luvikela idekhi elintantayo ngokuphelele, idekhi elingaphakathi livikelwe emvuleni, eqhweni, emoyeni onamandla, kanye nemisebe yelanga eqondile.
● Ukuhlukahluka Kwezinto: Amadekhi e-IFR avame ukwakhiwa ngezinto ezilula ezifana ne-aluminium enamandla amakhulu, ama-honeycomb ensimbi yesakhiwo, noma imihlangano yama-pontoon, okunciphisa umthwalo ophelele.
● Ukusebenza Kahle Kokucindezela Umhwamuko: Inhlanganisela yophahla olungaphezulu olungaguquki nolwelwesi olungaphakathi oluntantayo yakha uhlelo lwezivikelo ezimbili olubamba umhwamuko ophuma futhi lufeza ukulawula ukukhishwa kwezinto okuhle kakhulu.
2. Amathangi Angaphandle Anentanta (EFR): Idizayini Nokusebenza Kwemishini
Ithangi elingaphandle elintanta phezulu (External Floating Roof) linomzimba oyisilinda ovulekile phezulu lapho uphahla oluntantayo lwenza umngcele ophezulu wesitsha, luhlala luvele emoyeni nezimo zezulu.
● Ubuchwepheshe Bokuvuleka Phezulu: Uphahla lukhuphuka futhi lwehle ngokuguquguquka nokushintsha kwenani loketshezi ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezijwayelekile, akudingeki ukumbozwa okungaphezulu okungaguquki.
● Ukwakhiwa Okunzima Okusimeme: Yakhelwe kakhulu ngamapulangwe ensimbi eqinile, imiklamo ye-EFR ivamise ukusebenzisa isakhiwo se-pontoon esinophahla olulodwa noma olunophahla olumbili. Ophahla olunophahla olumbili bunezingqimba ezingenhla nengezansi ezihlukaniswe umoya, okunikeza ukuntanta okuphezulu nokuvikela ukushisa.
● Amaladi Okukhipha Amanzi Namaladi Agingqikayo: Ngenxa yokuthi amanzi emvula anqwabelana ngqo ophahleni oluvulekile, amathangi e-EFR adinga amasistimu akhethekile okukhipha amanzi angaphakathi aguquguqukayo noma aguqukayo kanye namaladi agingqikayo ukuze kutholakale ukufinyelela okuphephile kwabasebenzi.
3. Izimbobo Zomphetho We-Perimeter Nokulawulwa Kokukhishwa Kwezinto
Isikhala esiyindilinga phakathi komphetho wenkundla entantayo ehambayo nodonga lwethangi elimile yindawo ebalulekile yokuklama elawulwa amasistimu okusonga akhethekile:
● Izimpawu Eziyinhloko: Ziklanyelwe ukugcina ukuthintana okuqhubekayo nodonga lwethangi kuwo wonke amazinga okusebenza, zivimbela ukuphuma komhwamuko oyinhloko. Izinhlobo ezivamile zihlanganisa izicabha zemishini nezimvilophu ezigcwele uketshezi/igwebu.
● Izimpawu Ezesibili: Zifakwe ngaphezu kwesimpawu esiyinhloko ukuze zinikeze ukucindezelwa okwengeziwe komhwamuko futhi zivikele indlela eyinhloko ekuthwalweni kwemfucuza evela esimweni sezulu.
Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa: Amathangi Anophahla Olungaphakathi Oluntantayo vs. Olungaphandle Oluntantayo
Ipharamitha Yokuhlola | Amathangi Anophahla Olungaphakathi Oluntantayo (IFR) | Amathangi Angaphandle Anophahla Oluntantayo (EFR) |
Ukuvikelwa Kwangaphandle | Ihlanganisa uphahla olungaphezulu olungaguquki (idome noma ikhoni) | Umklamo ovulekile phezulu; uvezwe ngqo ezintweni zemvelo |
Umthelela Wesimo Sezulu | Awuthinteki ekuqongeleleni kwemvula, kumthwalo weqhwa, noma ekuqongeleleni komoya | Usengozini yokuqongelela amanzi emvula; udinga ukuphathwa kokukhipha amanzi |
Ukwakhiwa Kwezinto | Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa amaphaneli alula e-aluminium noma e-composite | Izingxenye ezinzima ze-carbon steel pontoon noma ama-deck amabili |
Ukulawulwa Kokukhishwa Komhwamuko | Kuhle kakhulu; ukuvalwa okuphindwe kabili kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-VOC | Kuyasebenza, kodwa kungenzeka kuthintwe umoya ozungeza emaphethelweni (rim seals) |
Ukusetshenziswa Okuyisisekelo | Imikhiqizo ecwengekile eguquguqukayo kakhulu, uphethiloli wezindiza, uphethiloli | Ukugcinwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe onamandla amakhulu nokusabalalisa ngobuningi |
Imibuzo Ejwayelekile (FAQ)
Umbuzo: Iyiphi inhlobo yethangi enikeza ukulawulwa okungcono kwe-VOC?
Impendulo: Amathangi anophahla olungaphakathi oluntantayo (IFR) ngokuvamile anikeza ukulawulwa okungcono kokukhishwa komhwamuko ngoba uphahla olungaphandle olungaguquki lubamba noma yimuphi umhwamuko omncane ophuma endekeni yangaphakathi, okudala isivikelo esimbaxambili ekulahlekelweni kwezinto eziphilayo eziguqukayo (VOC).
Umbuzo: Kungani amathangi anophahla olungaphandle oluntantayo (EFR) ekhethwa ukugcina uwoyela omkhulu ongahluziwe?
A: Amathangi e-EFR abiza kancane futhi akhelwe kahle ukuze asekele ubukhulu obukhulu obusetshenziswa ezikhungweni zokugcina uwoyela ongahluziwe, lapho ukwakha uphahla olukhulu olungaguquki kungaba nzima ngokwezomnotho noma ngokwezakhiwo.
Q: Ingabe izophahla ezintantayo zangaphakathi zidinga izinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi emvula?
A: Cha. Ngoba i-IFR ivikelwe ngaphansi kophahla olungaphandle olungaguquki (isigaxa noma idome), imvula ayikwazi ukufinyelela kudeski elintantayo, okususa isidingo samapayipi okukhipha amanzi namahose aguquguqukayo.
Q: Yiziphi izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ezilawula ukwakhiwa kwamathangi anophahla oluntantayo?
A: Amathangi okugcina aphakeme ngezulu (floating roof storage tanks) akhiwa futhi enziwe ngokuyinhloko ngokuya ngezindinganiso ze-API 650, kanti ukuhlolwa okwenziwa endaweni, ukulungiswa, kanye nokushintshwa kulandela imihlahlandlela ye-API 653.
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