Izixazululo Zokwelashwa Ezihlanganisiwe Amasistimu Emathangi Okucacisa e-GFS Okwehlukanisa Uketshezi Nezinto Eziqinile
Kwadalwa ngo 03.06
Izixazululo Zokwelashwa Ezihlanganisiwe I-GFS Clarification Tank Systems Yokuhlukanisa Okuqinile Noketshezi
Ithangi lokuhlanza lihlukanisa izinto eziqinile kuketshezi ngamandla adonsela phansi, futhi ukusebenza kwalo kumiswa izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi angaphezulu, hhayi ukujiya kodonga. Umthwalo wangaphezulu ophakathi kuka-0.5 no-2.0 m³/m²·ngosuku uyindawo yokuhlela yokuhlanza okuningi komasipala nezimboni, kulungiswa ngokushona kwesivinini sezinto eziqinile kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi aphumayo edingekayo. Lapho lokho kubala kukhombisa indawo enkulu, ithangi elihlanganisiwe lensimbi elenziwe ngengilazi liyindlela esebenzayo yokulakha: uphawu lwe-enamel lumelana nezimo ze-anaerobic nezinamandla e-acidic ezikhula endaweni yodaka, futhi amaphaneli ahlanganisiwe angalethwa njengethangi eliphelele elinesikhafu, i-hopper nophahla. Izinqumo ezimbili zokuklama ezinquma ukuthi ithangi liyasebenza yindlela yokuqoqa udaka kanye nezinga lokudonsa udaka.
Isingeniso
Isitshalo sesivele sakhiwe sizungeze isihlukanisi. Amapayipi ahleliwe, igumbi lokuphefumula likhishiwe, futhi unjiniyela wenqubo udinga umthamo wethangi nesikhathi sokugcina ngaphambi kokuba ububanzi bomsebenzi wokwakha buvalwe. Okwenza lokhu kube nzima ukuthi isihlukanisi akusona ithangi lokugcina elinomnyango wokungena othule: iyithuluzi lokuhlukanisa ngamandla adonsela phansi lapho isikhathi sokuhlala, amandla okungena nokujula kwengubo yodaka kufanele kube ngakwesokudla ndawonye, futhi lapho udonga lwethangi kufanele lubambe indawo yodaka eba anaerobic, inuke futhi igqwale. Le ndatshana ihlanganisa ukubalwa kokuhlukanisa, izindlela zokuqoqa, nokuthi isihlukanisi sensimbi esihlanganiswe nengilazi sichazwa kanjani ukuze ithangi nenqubo kusebenze njengohlelo olulodwa. Lokho isitshalo esikuthola ngempela ngaphansi kwesihloko sezixazululo zokwelashwa ezihlanganisiwe yizinhlelo zamathangi okucacisa e-GFS zokuhlukanisa okuqinile koketshezi okucaciswe njengolayini owodwa onenhloko yokungena eyodwa nokudonsa kanye kodaka, hhayi umkhumbi othengwe ngokwedwala.
Yini ngempela ehlukanisa izinto eziqinile
Ukucaciswa kulawulwa izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi angaphezulu, futhi konke okunye kuyimininingwane. Isisho somklamo silula: ukulayisha kwangaphezulu ngamamitha ayikhubhu ngemitha yesikwele ngosuku kulingana nokugeleza okuhlukaniswe indawo yepulani. Iningi lokucaciswa okuyisisekelo kamasipala kanye nemisebenzi eminingi yokulinganisa yezimboni kuhlala kubanga lika-0.5 kuya ku-2.0 m³/m²·ngosuku, kanti inombolo eqondile ibekwa isivinini sokuhla kwezinhlayiya kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi okuphuma emanzini okuvunyelwe yisitshalo. Uma ukulayisha kwangaphezulu okudingekayo sekukhethiwe, indawo yepulani ilandela ukugeleza komklamo, futhi ububanzi bulandela indawo. Ukugeleza okungu-2,000 m³/h ku-1.2 m³/m²·ngosuku kudinga cishe u-1,400 m² wendawo yepulani, okuwububanzi obuseduze no-42 m, okuyisayizi ngqo lapho uhlelo lwamaphaneli aboshiwe luqala ukuba nomqondo ongcono kunomgodi wokuthulula. Kuleso sayizi, izixazululo zokwelashwa ezihlanganisiwe zamathangi okucacisa e-GFS okuhlukanisa uketshezi nokuqinile ngokuvamile zishibhile ukumisa kunomgodi wokuthulula, ngoba amaphaneli afika ecaba futhi umsebenzi wokwakha uncipha ube yindandatho yothango.
Kukhona izilungiso ezimbili ezisebenza kulelo nombolo. Eyokuqala iyindawo yokungena: indawo yokungena ebekwe kabi idala isifunda esifushane esicekela phansi indawo yokuhlala ezimele, ngakho umthombo wokungena kanye nebhafu kufanele kulinganiswe ngokunakekela okufanayo nethangi. Eyesibili ingubo yodaka: isihlanzi esidonsa ingubo yaso ngokushesha kakhulu silahlekelwa ukubamba, kanti esidonsa kancane kakhulu sivumela ingubo ukuthi ingene emoyeni futhi inyukele endaweni yokuhlala. Impendulo esebenzayo isisihlikihli esinesivinini esiguqukayo esihamba ngendlela ehambisana nokujula kwengubo okulinganiswe kukona. Njengengxenye yemisebenzi, izixazululo zokwelashwa ezihlanganisiwe ze-GFS clarification tank systems zokuhlukanisa uketshezi nokuqinile zidinga ukuthengwa kuphela lapho isivinini sesihlikihli, ukujula kwengubo kanye nezinga lokudonsa kuhlelwe ndawonye.
Ukwakhiwa kwethangi lomsebenzi we-clarifier
Iqokobhe lethangi kufanele likwazi ukumelana nendawo yodaka, okuyingxenye engakhululekile kakhulu kunazo zonke ezindaweni zokuhlanza amanzi. Ngaphansi kwendawo yokuhlala kukhona ingubo yezinto eziqinile eziphilayo eba yi-anaerobic, yehlisa i-pH endaweni futhi ikhiqize i-sulphide. Ingaphakathi lensimbi yekhabhoni ependiwe kuleyo ndawo yehluleka emgqeni wamanzi phakathi neminyaka embalwa. Amaphaneli ensimbi ahlanganiswe nengilazi ayixazulula ngendlela ehlukile: i-enamel ihlanganiswa nensimbi ku-820–930 °C njengongqimba luka-0.25–0.45 mm, ayisebenzi ku-pH 1–14, futhi inendawo engaphansi kuka-Ra 0.8 µm. Izindlela zokwehluleka ezibalulekile zibe ukuhlukaniswa kwezingqimba kanye nezimbobo ezincane, okuyizinto zokulawula ukukhiqizwa hhayi izinto zokulungisa endaweni, futhi ezitholwa ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngemva kokuhlanganiswa.
Ijiyometri ilandela indlela yokusebenza. Isihlanzi esiyindilinga esinomgodi wokuhlinzeka ophakathi nendawo kanye nesikrola somsakazo noma sebhuloho esiya phansi komgodi ongunxantathu iwuhlelo olujwayelekile lweyunithi yethangi elilodwa. Izihlanzi eziyisikwele noma eziwunxande eziboshiwe ziyenzeka kodwa zimosha indawo yepulani futhi zenza isikrola sibe nzima. Ingaphansi yehopa inikeza indawo ehlangene yodaka olunokuqina okuphezulu kokukhishwa kwezinto eziqinile, ihambisana negobolondo le-GFS ngoba ihopa ingakhiwa ngamaphaneli afanayo aneprofayili eshintshiwe, futhi ihwebelana nokumbiwa okujulile. Ingaphansi oyisicaba esinesikrola kanye nokudonsa ohlangothini kuncane kodwa kubamba umthamo omkhulu wengubo, osebenza njengesivikelo ngezindleko zokusebenza kokubamba.
Isihluzi, idrayivu kanye nobubanzi bemishini
Iphakethe lemishini linquma ukuthi ithangi liyisihlanzi noma isigcini sokungcola. I-central drive bridge scraper ihamba kancane, ngokuvamile ngesivinini esihambisa udaka oluqoqiwe luye ku-centre hopper ngaphandle kokuluphinda lusakazeke; i-peripheral drive scraper ihamba izungeze udonga lwethangi futhi ifaneleka kuma-diameter amakhulu lapho i-centre bridge ingadinga isakhiwo esikhulu ngokweqile. Ukukhethwa kwe-drive, ukuvikelwa kwama-bearing ekuhlaselweni i-hydrogen sulphide, kanye nokuklanywa kwe-scraper flight okugwema ukulima i-blanket yizinto ezintathu okufanele zicaciswe ngokucophelela. Ethangini le-GFS eliboshiwe, i-bridge ingaba isakhiwo sensimbi esenziwe esahlinzekwa ngezingxenye futhi saboshwa endaweni, okugwema ukushisela kwasekhaya kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa okudingwa i-clarifier eyakhiwe endaweni noma eboshwe ngokushisela.
Ukukhipha umoya yisihloko sesibili somshini. Isikhala sengqondo se-clarifier sizothwala i-hydrogen sulphide ne-methane evela ku-blanket, ngakho uphahla nomoya kufanele kubhekwe njengento yokugqwala nokuphepha kunokuba kube umcabango wamuva. I-enamel ibhekana nohlangothi lwamanzi; insimbi yophahla, isitaki somoya kanye ne-scraper drive kudinga i-coating noma ukukhethwa kwezinto zendawo yegesi. Lapho isikhala sengqondo sivaliwe, uphahla olune-membrane engangenisi gesi kanye nokukhululeka kwengcindezi ne-vacuum yimpendulo evamile, futhi umoya kufanele ulinganiswe ngokukhiqizwa kwegesi kwe-blanket emthwalweni ophezulu.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Inothi |
Izinga lokugeleza kwaphezulu | 0.5–2.0 m³/m²·ngosuku | ibanga lokuhlela lamaclarifier amaningi |
Ukugeleza kokuklama, isibonelo | 2,000 m³/ihora | isetha indawo yepulani ngakho-ke idayamitha |
Indawo yepulani, isibonelo secala | cishe 1,400 m² | ukugeleza kuhlukaniswe ngomthwalo wendawo |
Isikhathi sokugcinwa | ngokuvamile amahora ambalwa | hlola ngokumelene nokubanjwa okudingekayo |
Ukujula kwengubo yodaka | kulawulwa izinga lokukhipha | khipha ngokushesha ukuze uthole ukubanjwa, kancane ukuze ugcine |
Izinga lokuncibilika kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | glass fused to steel in one cycle |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngemva kokuhlanganisa |
Ukumelana ne-pH kwe-enamel | 1–14 | okungasebenzi kulo lonke indawo ye-anaerobic blanket |
Ukuqina kwendawo yangaphakathi | Ra < 0.8 µm | kunciphisa ukunqwabelana odongeni |
Ububanzi bephaneli | cishe u-1.2 m | uhlelo lwamaphaneli angamabhokisi ahlanganiswe ngamabhawodi |
Izinga lamabhawodi | amabhawodi ezinga le-8.8 | ukuxhumana okuvimbela ukugqwala |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | okungenani iminyaka engu-30 | ngaphansi kwesevisi yamakhemikhali ecacisiwe |
Ukuhlanganisa ama-clarifier esisombululweni sokwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe
Isixazululo sokwelashwa esihlangene singathembeka kuphela uma isihlanzi sikalwa ngokuhambisana nomakhelwane baso bangenhla nangaphansi, hhayi ukuthi sikalwe sodwa bese sixhunywa. Ithangi lokulinganisa elingaphambi kwaso linciphisa ukugeleza ukuze isihlanzi singabuzwa ukuthi sithathe ukukhuphuka okungakwazi ukukuxazulula. Isigaba sebhayoloji esingaphambi kwaso silungisa umthwalo wezinto eziqinile. Isihlukanisi noma iyunithi yokuqinisa engemuva kwaso ibeka ukugxila kokudonswa kwe-sludge, futhi i-digestor noma i-anaerobic reactor engemuva kwaso ithatha i-sludge edonsiwe. Esizeni sezimboni lapho i-sludge iya ekugayeni kwe-anaerobic, ukugxila kokuphuma kwesihlanzi kunquma isikhathi sokugcinwa kwe-digester, okubuye kunqume umthamo we-digester.
Ngendlela ye-anaerobic, ibhendi yokusebenza i-mesophilic ku-35–38 °C nesikhathi sokugcinwa kwe-hydraulic sezinsuku ezingama-20–30 kudaka lwasemadolobheni olujwayelekile, kanye nomkhiqizo we-biogas ongu-0.5–0.6 m³ ngekhilogramu ngalinye lezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo ezifakiwe. Leyo chungechunge yingakho sicela uhlelo oluphelele lokwelashwa, hhayi nje ithangi: isihlukanisi esithumela u-4 ekhulwini lezinto eziqinile ku-digestor siwumshini ohlukile kulelo esithumela u-2 ekhulwini. Lapho iphrojekthi ihlezi esigabeni sesevisi esingenakho ukulethwa okuqhathanisekayo ngqo efayeleni, sichaza lokho okulethwayo emisebenzini engumakhelwane yamanzi angcolile asemadolobheni nasezimbonini, kanye nebanga lomthamo oqinisekiswa ngesimiso sephrojekthi, esikhundleni sokusikisela indawo ethile yesizinda esedlule.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Umsebenzi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi elidayamitha enkulu | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugada |
Amathangi amanzi okuqeda umlilo, amayunithi amabili | China, Sichuan | Amathangi e-GFS | 8,930 m³ | φ19.87 × 14.4 m lilinye, ukuhlinzeka |
Amathangi amanzi angcolile kamasipala, amayunithi ayi-10 | China, Sichuan | Amathangi e-GFS | 17,420 m³ isiyonke | ukuhlinzeka nokuhlanganisa endaweni |
Amathangi amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, amayunithi angama-27 | China, Xinjiang | Amathangi e-GFS | 30,469 m³ isiyonke | ukuhlinzeka nokuqondisa |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela le-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kukhuliswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 kanye ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI kanye ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, i-AWWA C550 kanye ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ukuze kucaciswe nokuhlukaniswa kwe-liquid-solid, lokhu kudlulela ngale kwegobolondo kufinyelele kubhuloho lokuqoqwa kwe-sludge, i-hopper, uphahla nomoya olinganiselwe i-blanket gas, kanye nokuxhumana ku-anaerobic digestion train lapho ukugxila okudonswayo kubeka umthamo we-reactor.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ulinganisa kanjani i-clarifier esikhundleni sethangi lokugcina?
A1: Kusukela ezingeni lokuchichima kwendawo, hhayi ngesikhathi sokugcinwa sodwa. Hlukanisa ukugeleza kokuklama ngesisindo sendawo esidingekayo ukuze uthole indawo yeplani, thatha ububanzi kuleyo ndawo, bese wengeza umthombo wokungena, isakhiwo sesikraya kanye nendawo ekhululekile ekuphakameni kwegobolondo.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe ngamabhawodi nelifakwe ingilazi lingakhiwa ngobhodlela lwangaphansi oyiconi?
Impendulo 2: Yebo. I-hopper yakhiwe ngohlelo olufanayo lwamaphaneli olushintshiwe, futhi iphethini yokuhlanganisa ngamabhawodi yenza ukuthi ikhoni ibe yinto elawulwa yifekthri esikhundleni sokushisela endaweni. Ukumba okujulile kuyisixazululo esikhundleni salokho.
Umbuzo 3: Yini ebangela ukuthi isihlanzi sehluleke ukubamba ngemva kokuqalisa ukusebenza?
Impendulo 3: Ngokuvamile ukugcwala kodaka endaweni yokuhlala kusuka ekuqongeleleni okujulile, noma isivinini sesikraya esiphinda sikhulise udaka. Kokubili kuyizilungiselelo zokusebenza; impendulo yokuklama ukusikraya ngesivinini esiguqukayo nokulinganisa ukujula kodaka ekhoneni.
Umbuzo 4: Ingabe i-enamel lining iyasiza esihlanzini?
A4: Yebo. I-sludge blanket ihamba ekubeni i-anaerobic futhi ibe ne-asidi, futhi i-enamel ayisebenzi kuyo yonke i-pH 1–14. Iyasusa ukugqwala kwe-lining njengendlela yokwehluleka futhi ishiya umkhakha wemishini, i-coating yangaphandle kanye namajoyinti aboshiwe njengezinto zokuhlola.
Q5: Ingabe uphahla lwe-clarifier kufanele luvalwe?
A5: Kuphela lapho ukukhiqizwa kwegesi kukufuna khona, bese kuba nokukhululwa kwengcindezi ne-vacuum kanye ne-vent elinganiselwe umthwalo ophezulu. I-vent evulekile endaweni yekhanda eline-corrosive isadinga insimbi e-coated noma i-alloy steel endaweni yegesi.
Q6: I-clarifier isebenzisana kanjani ne-anaerobic digester?
A6: I-clarifier ibeka ukugxila kwe-sludge ekhulisiwe, okubeka izinga lokulayisha le-digester futhi ngalokho kube nomthamo odingekayo ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwe-mesophilic sezinsuku ezingama-20–30. Ukushintsha ukukhishwa kwe-clarifier kushintsha usayizi we-digester.
Umbuzo 7: Ingabe i-clarifier ingandiswa kamuva?
Impendulo 7: Kuqokobhe oluboshiwe yebo, ngokwengeza iyunithi yesibili ngokuhambisana noma ukuphakamisa uqokobhe ngamaphaneli engeziwe. Ukuhambisana yimpendulo evamile ngoba ukusebenza kwe-clarifier kuncike endaweni yepulani, futhi ukuphinda kabili indawo kusho ithangi lesibili kunokuba libe lide.
Isiphetho
Uhlelo lwethangi lokucacisa lusebenza kahle lapho ukulayishwa kwendawo engaphezulu, ukuhlelwa kwendawo yokungena kanye nezinga lokudonswa kwe-sludge kuklanywe ndawonye, futhi lapho igobolondo likwazi ukugcina ingubo ye-anaerobic amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kokuba yinto yokulungisa. Amagobolondo e-steel ahlanganiswe nengilazi aboshiwe aphendula ingxenye yesibili yalokho okudingekayo ngqo, futhi ifomethi yephaneli eliboshiwe yenza i-clarifier enobubanzi obukhulu iletheke ezindaweni lapho umgodi wokulahla owakhiwe endaweni ungase ungabi lusizo.
Sithumelele ukugeleza komklamo, izinto eziqinile zokungena nokuphuma, indawo etholakalayo kanye nomzila we-sludge ongena ngaphansi, futhi sizokubuyisela ukubalwa kokulayishwa kwendawo engaphezulu, ububanzi nokuphakama kwegobolondo, kanye nobubanzi bemishini ukuze kubuyekezwe.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Silethele ukugeleza, ukugcwala kwezinto eziqinile, ipulani kanye nokwenzeka kwe-sludge. Uzothola ukubalwa kokuhlala phansi, ukuma kwethangi, isiphakamiso se-scraper ne-hopper kanye nephakethe lefayela lobuchwepheshe. Ubunjiniyela ongabeka phambi komeluleki wakho wokucubungula, hhayi iphepha lokuthengisa.
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