Umhlinzeki Wamathangi e-GFS e-Industrial Park kanye Nephakethe Lamathangi Aboshiwe Womsebenzi WasePaki
Kwadalwa ngo 09.02
Umhlinzeki Wamathangi e-GFS Esiqiwini Sezimboni kanye Nephakethe Lamathangi Abhawudiwe Emsebenzini Waseqiwini
Ukufaneleka komhlinzeki wamathangi e-GFS epaki yezimboni kuncike ezintweni ezine eziqinisekisekayo: ubufakazi bekhwalithi yokuhlangana koqweqwe lwe-enamel, ilungiselelo lokwamukelwa kwasefekthri eline-protocol yokuhlola echaziwe, ukulandelana kokulethwa nokwakhiwa okuhambisana nohlelo lokwakha lwepaki, kanye nemibhalo eqhubekayo kuze kufike ekwamukelweni kokugcina. Cela izinga lokushisa lokuhlangana kwe-enamel, ukujiya kwesendlalelo, i-voltage yokuhlola i-spark kanye nempilo yokuklama ngokubhaliwe, futhi thola umhlinzeki okhombisa intengo kuphela kanye neviki lokulethwa njengosolisayo. Umhlinzeki ongaphendula umbuzo wokubamba idrowing ngo-3 ntambama ngoLwesine ubaluleke kakhulu kunalowo oshibhile kakhulu ngalolo suku.
Isingeniso
Iphaki yezimboni ayivamisile ukuthenga ithangi elilodwa. Ipaki eyodwa izoba namathangi amanzi okuqeda umlilo, amanzi okusebenza, ukunciphisa ubungozi, ukulinganisa, ukufaka amakhemikhali kanye namathangi okulinganisa imfucuza, futhi kufanele kube khona umuntu oxhumanisa wonke la mathangi ngohlelo olulodwa lwezokwakha kanye newindi elilodwa lokusebenza kukherini. Ithimba lokuthenga elizothola le phakethe akulona elinezinga eliphansi kakhulu lentengo; yilelo elihlelo lwalo lwamaphaneli oluhambisana nezinsuku zikakhonkolo, okubhalwe phansi amarekhodi okuhlolwa kwesihluma ngaphambi kokuba umhloli afike, futhi iqembu lalo lokumisa elingavimbi indlela yamapayipi. Le ndatshana ibeka imibuzo esilindele ukuthi ibuzwe lapho i-Center Enamel ifaneleka ukuthola iphakethe lepaki, kanye nemibhalo eyiphendulayo.
Okufanele kufakazelwe yi-enamel
Ikhwalithi ye-enamel iyipharamitha yokukhiqiza, hhayi isimangalo sokumaketha, futhi kufanele ifakazelwe iphaneli ngephaneli. Amaphaneli ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi ahlanganiswa ku-820–930 °C, ungqimba lwe-enamel luba ngamasentimitha angu-0.25–0.45 ubukhulu, ungqimba lukalwa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², futhi wonke amagobolondo ahlanganisiwe ahlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokulethwa. Umhlinzeki ozimisele uzoshono lezo zinombolo njengamanani e-spec, uzogcina amarekhodi esithando sokuhlanganisa, futhi uzovumela ummeleli womnikazi ukuthi abone ukuhlolwa kwe-spark. Izimo ezimbili zokwehluleka ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni i-delamination ne-pinhole: i-delamination lapho i-enamel ihlukana khona nensimbi eyisisekelo, ne-pinhole lapho iphutha lendawo liba yisiqalo sokugqwala. Kokubili kuyimiphumela yokulawulwa kokukhiqiza, hhayi imiphumela yokulungiswa kwensimu.
Ngephakethe lepaki lokho kusho ukuthi incazelo kufanele ibize ukuhlolwa, hhayi inqubo. Shono i-voltage yokuhlolwa kwe-spark, umbandela wokwamukela, kanye nokuthi ubani osayina irekhodi. Shono impilo yokuklama okungenani iminyaka engu-30 ngaphansi kwenkonzo yamakhemikhali ecacisiwe futhi unikeze ubukhulu bokungaphezulu, okungaphansi kwe-Ra 0.8 µm ngaphakathi kwe-GFS futhi kunciphisa ukungcola emsebenzini wamanzi noma wokupholisha. Shono i-pH envelope, okuyi-1–14 ku-enamel, futhi qaphela ukuthi i-lining yiyo enqumayo ukuthi ithangi alinakho yini ukunakekelwa emsebenzini wokukhishwa kwamakhemikhali oqukethwe amapaki amaningi.
Imibhalo kanye nokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kwasefektri
I-Test yokwamukelwa kwefekthri isebenza kuphela uma amaphuzu okubamba eshiwo kunkontileka. Ethangini eliboshiwe amaphuzu okuthembela izinga lensimbi nokujiya kwephaneli ngayinye, ukuhlangana kwe-enamel nokujiya kwelogi, impahla ye-gasket neqembu, izinga lamabhawodi, uhlelo lokumboza noma lokugalvanisha, nokuhlolwa kobukhulu bokuhlelwa kwamaphaneli ahlanganisiwe. Ngakunye kwalokho kufanele kube nephuzu lokubamba, iqembu elibhekele, nefomethi yerekhodi. Umhlinzeki one-ISO 9001 yokuphathwa kwekhwalithi uzoba nesiqephu samadokhumenti kakade; umhlinzeki ongenaso uzokwenza ngokungahleliwe endaweni, futhi ukwenza ngokungahleliwe eqenjini le-gasket yikho kanye okwenza ithangi lepaki liqale ukuconsa ngonyaka wesibili.
Iseti yezitifiketi evamise ukuhamba nokubhida kwepaki ukugunyazwa kwesistimu yokuphatha ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ukugunyazwa komkhiqizo okuhlobene noketshezi, kanye nereferensi yokuklama ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona. Ukugunyazwa komkhiqizo ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS yamanzi aphuzwayo nawomlilo, i-FDA ne-LFGB lapho uketshezi luwumkhiqizo wokudla, uphawu lwe-CE ngaphansi kwe-EN 1090, i-ISO 28765, i-FM ne-BSCI. Akukho kulokho okuwukuhlobisa; ithangi lamanzi omlilo okumelwe lenelise i-FM kanye nethangi lamanzi aphuzwayo okumelwe lenelise i-NSF/ANSI 61 kuyizivivinyo ezimbili ezihlukene zokucaphuna, futhi ukuzixuba kubiza umnikazi ukubhida kabusha.
Ukulethwa, ukwakhiwa kanye nohlelo lwepaki
Ikhodi ebalulekile kuthangi lepaki cishe ihlala iyisivakashi, hhayi insimbi. I-ring beam kanye nephethini ye-anchor kufanele kusakazwe futhi kuphele ngaphambi kokuba amaphaneli akhuphuke, futhi ukulethwa kwamaphaneli kufanele kufike ngokulandelana okwenza iqembu lokwakha lisebenze ngokuqhubekayo kunokuba linde amasonto amabili ibharge noma iloli. Uhlelo lwamaphaneli oluboshiwe olunobubanzi bamaphaneli acishe abe ngu-1.2 m luhamba kahle, ngoba ikhreyithi ngayinye ingumthwalo olawulekayo, futhi ithangi elilodwa lingahlinzekwa kuze kufike ku-60,000 m³ lapho inqubo idinga khona. Umhlinzeki obuza ngohlelo lwezivakashi esigabeni sokuthenda futhi ahambise uhlelo lokuthumela ngomkhumbi nalo wenza umsebenzi wokuthenga, hhayi nje umsebenzi wokwakha.
Ukamukelwa kwensimu bese kuvala umjikelezo. Uhlu lokuhlola olusebenzayo wukuhlolwa ngokuhlanganyela lapho kuqedwa, ukuhlolwa kwe-torque yebhawodi kunani elibhaliwe, ukuhlolwa kwe-spark kabusha ngemva kwanoma yiliphi iphaneli eliye lavulwa noma lashintshwa, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic noma kokubona okuvunyelwene nabanikazi. Ethangini le-GFS uqweqwe luyisitsha somfutho ojwayelekile noma ophansi, ngakho umngcele womfutho uwuphahla nomoya ophumayo, hhayi uqweqwe; umnikazi olindele ukuhlolwa kwesitsha somfutho ukhombisa umkhiqizo ongafanele umsebenzi.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokuhlangana kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | ukuhlangana okukodwa kokushisa esisekelweni sensimbi |
Ubukhulu besendlalelo se-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngemva kokuhlanganiswa |
Amandla okucindezela esendlalelo se-enamel | ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² | kulinganiselwe isendlalelo se-enamel |
Ubukhulu bokungalingani kwendawo | Ra < 0.8 µm | ingaphakathi elingangcolisi kalula, kulula ukulihlanza |
Ukumelana ne-pH kwe-enamel | 1–14 | akusebenzi kukho konke ukungcola okunamandla epaki |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | okungenani iminyaka engu-30 | ngaphansi kwenkonzo yamakhemikhali ecacisiwe |
Ububanzi bephaneli | cishe u-1.2 m | uhlelo lwamaphaneli oluhlanganisiwe olunamabhawudi |
Izinga lamabhawudi | amabhawudi ezinga le-8.8 | ukuxhumana okuboshiwe okuvimbela ukugqwala |
I-Gasket | I-EPDM evamile yamanzi namanzi angcolile | into yokufaneleka koketshezi olugciniwe |
Uhlelo lokuphatha | ISO 9001 kanye ne-ISO 45001 | izinga kanye nempilo nokuphepha emsebenzini |
Isitifiketi somkhiqizo | NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE EN 1090 | ngokuketshezi ngalunye, hhayi ngomkhiqizo ojwayelekile |
Inkomba yokuklama | AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550, NFPA | lapho isicelo sidinga khona |
Okufanele kufakwe kuphakheji yepaki
Ngaphandle kwegobolondo, umhlinzeki wamathangi e-GFS wasepaki yezimboni encintisanayo uzohlanganisa lokho okudingwa yiqembu lokumisa kanye nalokho umqhubi azokuhlola kamuva. Lokho kusho uhlelo lwophahla olunombhobho wokuphefumula kanye nesivalo sokungena, amaphimbo okungena nokuphuma anobuso bamafulegi obuhambisana nekilasi lamapayipi, izinto zangaphakathi ezinjenge-deflector yokungena noma i-baffle lapho uketshezi lunolaka khona, imigwaqo yabantu enezivalo ezinamagaskethi, isitebhisi kanye nebanga eliya ezingeni elishiwo yikhodi, kanye nezinhlinzeko zokuhlenga noma zokungena ezidingwa ukuhlolwa kwezokuphepha. Futhi kusho isethi yephaneli eliyisipele kanye neyamagaskethi, ngoba umqhubi uzoyidinga ngonyaka wesihlanu futhi ngeke afune ukuthi yenziwe ngaleso sikhathi.
Uhlangothi lwezebhizinisi kufanele lushiwowe ngokucacile. Iphakethe lepaki linentengo ngedamu ngalinye, kodwa liwinwa ekuphilisweni: inani lezikhathi okufanele kubuzwe umhlinzeki umbuzo, inani lemidwebo okufanele umklami wamapayipi alinde yona, kanye nenani lezikhathi iqembu lokwakha elihlala lingenzi lutho. Lokho kuvela kushejuli njenge-float okungekho muntu oyibhajethile. Buza umuntu ngamunye obhidayo ukuthi mangaki amadamu asewahambisile endaweni yepaki njengephakethe elilodwa elihleliwe, futhi buza ngobukhulu beqembu lokwakha kanye nezinsuku ezilindelekile ngedamu ngalinye.
Icala Leprojekthi
Iprojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi elinobubanzi obukhulu | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugada |
Amathangi amanzi okuqeda umlilo, amayunithi amabili | I-China, i-Sichuan | Amathangi e-GFS | 8,930 m³ | φ19.87 × 14.4 m lilinye, ukuhlinzeka |
Ithangi lamanzi okuphuza | I-Indonesia | Ithangi le-GFS | 21,099 m³ | φ42.04 × 15.2 m, ukuhlinzeka |
Amathangi amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, amayunithi angu-27 | I-China, i-Xinjiang | Amathangi e-GFS | 30,469 m³ isiyonke | ukuhlinzeka nokugada |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingama-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Kupakethe lepaki lamathangi amaningi, lokho kuhumusha kusethi eyodwa yemidwebo, uhlelo olulodwa lwezindawo zokubamba kanye neqembu elilodwa lokumisa kuwo wonke amathangi asemkhakheni kunokuba umthengisi ohlukile womkhumbi ngamunye, okuyimehluko phakathi kohlelo olubambelekayo nolwehla.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yimaphi amadokhumenti okufanele umhlinzeki wethangi le-GFS anikeze wona ngaphambi kokunikezwa isivumelwano?
A1: Izitifiketi zephaneli nezinga lensimbi, irekhodi lokuhlangana kanye nokujiya kwe-enamel, irekhodi lokuhlolwa kwe-spark, izitifiketi zezinto zokwenza i-gasket ne-bolt, imibiko yokuhlolwa kwe-coating noma i-galvanising, isethi yezitifiketi zohlelo lokuphatha, kanye ne-general arrangement egxiviziwe enohlu lwama-nozzle.
Umbuzo 2: Uhlola kanjani izinga le-enamel endaweni?
Impendulo 2: Igobolondo elihlanganisiwe lihlolwa nge-spark ngeyunithi ye-1500 V DC, futhi irekhodi lisayinwa ummeleli womnikazi. Noma yiliphi iphaneli elivulwa kamuva liyaphindwa ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuvalwa, yingakho amaphaneli ayisipele kufanele a-odwe kanye nethangi.
Umbuzo 3: Ingabe ithangi le-GFS lifanele ithangi lokungcola epaki yezimboni?
Impendulo 3: Yebo kakhulu kuma-effluent amakhemikhali kanye ne-biological ngaphakathi kwe-pH 1–14, ngoba ungqimba lwe-enamel alunakho ukusabela. Okuhlukile yimisebenzi lapho ikhemikhali ethile yekhemikhali ekugxilweni kwayo idinga ukuhlolwa kwento, kanye nemisebenzi ene-chloride ephezulu lapho kufanele uqinisekise okunye okufana ne-chromium noma i-alloy kuqala.
Umbuzo 4: Isikhathi sokulinda iphakethe lepaki kufanele silindele ini?
A4: Kuncike ekukhiqizweni kwamaphaneli nasekuthunyelweni, nasekutheni amathangi angosayizi ojwayelekile noma adwetshelwe isakhiwo sendawo. Umhlinzeki osebenza emuva esukela ohlelweni lwezokwakha hhayi ukusho iviki elilodwa lokuhola yilowo ozofinyelela iwindi lokumiswa.
Q5: Ingabe umhlinzeki oyedwa angakwazi ukubhekela amanzi omlilo, amanzi okusetshenziswa kanye nokungcola epaki elilodwa?
A5: Ngokuvamile yebo, futhi ilungiselelo elingcono ngoba izisekelo, ama-nozzle kanye neqembu lokumisa kuyaxhumaniswa. Okushintshwayo ukuthi amanzi omlilo nemisebenzi yokuphuza amanzi kuletha izidingo zazo zokuqinisekisa futhi kungase kudingeke izimvume zomkhiqizo ezihlukene.
Q6: Uthini umthwalo wokunakekela ethangini le-GFS epaki?
A6: Phansi, uma i-enamel ihlala iphelele. Isikhathi sokuhlola sibe sibandakanya i-coating yangaphandle, i-torque yebhawudi, isimo se-gasket emhlanganyelweni womuntu kanye namajoyinti ophahla, kanye ne-vent. Ukugqwala kwesisekelo sensimbi ingozi, futhi kuqala emgodini omncane, yingakho ukuhlolwa kwe-spark kubalulekile.
Q7: Ingabe amathangi angangezwa njengoba ipaki ihamba ngezigaba?
A7: Leso yisizathu esivamile sokukhetha okuboshiwe. Amathangi angangezwa, aphakanyiswe ngamaphaneli engeziwe, noma ahlanganiswe neyunithi entsha, futhi isisekelo singalinganiselwa isigaba sokugcina kuyilapho kuphela isigaba sokuqala esingukhonkolo namuhla.
Ukukhetha umhlinzeki wamathangi e-GFS e-industrial park kuwukuhlolwa kwemibhalo kanye nokuhlolwa kwentengo. Umhlinzeki okwazi ukukhiqiza ilogi yokuhlanganisa, irekhodi lokuhlola inhlansi kanye nohlu lwamaphoyinti okubamba, ohambisana nokulandelana kokulethwa kuhlelo lomsebenzi wokwakha, futhi ozimisele ukusho ukujiya kwe-enamel, ububanzi bokuhlanganisa, impilo yokuklama kanye nesitifiketi ngokubhala, nguye ozobe esaphendula ngonyaka wesihlanu lapho kudingeka ukushintshwa kwe-gasket.
Sithumele uhlu lwamathangi, uketshezi namavolumu, izixhumanisi zendawo kanye nohlelo lwakho lokumisa, futhi sizokubuyisela iphakethe lokufaneleka elinohlu lwemibhalo, uhlu lwamaphoyinti okubamba kanye nenani elikhombisayo lamaphaneli.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Uma wenza isicelo sephakethe lepaki, thumela uhlu lwamathangi, umsebenzi womkhumbi ngamunye, izinga elisebenzayo kanye nezinsuku zesizinda sakho. Uzothola uhlu lwethu lwamadokhumenti, izindawo zokubamba zokwamukelwa kwefekthri, ukulandelana kokulethwa ngokuhambisana nohlelo lwakho lwezokwakha, kanye nephakethe yefayela lobuchwepheshe ukuze libuyekezwe. Singathanda ukukusiza ukwakha isicaciso esivikelekile kunokukuthengisela ithangi kabili.
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