Kungakanani Umthamo Wokugcina Okwesibili Oddingekayo: Ukulinganisa Idike, Ithangi kanye ne-Freeboard
Kwadalwa ngo 09.09
Ingakanani Umthamo Wokugcina Kwesibili Odidingekayo: Ukulinganisa i-Dike, Itanki kanye ne-Freeboard
Ikhono lokubamba lesibili lilinganiswa kusukela esitsheni esisodwa esikhulu kunazo zonke isizinda esingasikhipha: ethangini elinophahla olungagudluki ivolumu yokubamba kufanele ilingane nomthamo wethangi kanye nesikhala esengeziwe samahhala, kanti ethangini elinophahla oluntantayo kufanele ilingane nevolumu esezingeni eliphezulu lomphetho iphahla elingalifinyelela. Ama-spec amaningi abe esengeza ukwenyuka kwemvula noma amanzi eqhwa elincibilikayo kanye nomkhawulo wokugoba. Ukulandelana kokulinganisa okusebenzayo ukuthi kubalwe izitsha, kuthathwe ivolumu yokukhishwa embi kakhulu, kwengezwe isikhala samahhala nemvula, kuhlolwe indawo esetshenziswayo ngokumelene nomhlaba okhona, bese kuthi ngemva kwalokho kulungiswe ububanzi nokuphakama kwegobolondo. Ukulungisa isikhala samahhala kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuphakama kodonga lodonga, ngoba ithangi eligcwaliswe kuze kufike ezingeni eliphezulu ngqo alinaso isikhala sokwanda kokushisa noma igwebu.
Umbuzo ufika ngesikhathi esibi kakhulu: imvume yesizinda isalindile, umeluleki wezemvelo udinga umthamo wokugcina amanzi ezithombeni, kanti unjiniyela wezakhiwo ufuna ukuphakama kodonga ngaphambi kosuku lokufaka ukhonkolo. Wonke umuntu ukucaphunele umthetho wamaphesenti ayikhulu, noma ayikhulu neshumi, noma inombolo evela kwelinye izwe noma izwe, futhi akekho ovumelanayo. Impendulo eqotho ukuthi umthamo wokugcina amanzi uyabalwa, awukopiswa: uqala ekukhishweni okukhulu okukholakalayo koketshezi bese wengeza noma yiziphi izibonelelo ezidingwa yisiphathimandla sakho noma ukuhlolwa kwakho kwengcuphe. Lesi sihloko sichaza ukubalwa ngendlela esiyisebenzisa kumaphrojekthi ezimboni, futhi siphetha ngejometri eguqula umthamo odingekayo ube yidayamitha nokuphakama kwegobolondo. Ukuthi ungakanani umthamo wokugcina wesibili odingekayo kuncike ekukhishweni okukhulu okukholakalayo kanye nezibonelelo zemvula ne-freeboard ezisetshenziswa yisiphathimandla, hhayi kuphesenti elikopiswe kwesinye isizinda.
Yini ebhekwa njengevolumu yokukhululwa kwesimo esibi kakhulu
Umthamo olawulayo uyisitsha esisodwa esikhulu kunazo zonke esingakhishwa endaweni, hhayi isamba sazo zonke izitsha. Ibhethri lamathangi amane angu-500 m³ alidingi umthamo wokugcina wokungu-2,000 m³; lidinga umthamo welikhulu kunazo zonke, ngoba ukwehluleka okukodwa yisimo esingenzeka ngempela kanti ukukhishwa kwamathangi amaningi ingozi yokuklama hhayi isisekelo sokuklama. Ethangini elinophahla olugxilile lokho kusho umthamo ogcwele weqokobhe kuze kufike ekuphuphumeni noma ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu loketshezi okungafinyelelwa yisifaki. Ethangini elinophahla oluntantayo lwangaphandle, isibalo esifanele umthamo osezingeni eliphezulu lokuhlala kophahla, eliphansi kunomthamo weqokobhe futhi yileso sibalo esivame ukucaciswa ngokweqile ngephutha.
Kunezinguquko ezimbili ezihlala phezu kwaleyo volumu eyisisekelo. Okokuqala i-freeboard: isibonelelo sokwanda nokuncipha kokushisa, sokunqwabelana kwe-foam noma i-scum, kanye neqiniso lokuthi akekho umqhubi ofuna izinga lithinte i-roof plate. Amaphesenti amabili kuya kwamahlanu evolumu equkethwe, okungenani amamilimitha angu-300, iyincazelo evikelekile ezindaweni eziningi zezimboni. Okwesibili ukwanda kwemvula lapho isiphathimandla sidinga ukuthi imvula noma amanzi eqhwa ancibilikayo akhishwe noma agcinwe; lokhu kuncike endaweni futhi kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba ukhonkolo uthelwe, hhayi ngemuva.
Kusuka kuvolumu edingekayo kuya kububanzi nokuphakama
Uma ivolumu yokugcina edingekayo isinqunyiwe, inkinga efanayo yejometri ivela kuthangi ngalinye esizeni: ivolumu ilingana nendawo eyindilinga ephindwe ngukujula koketshezi okusebenzisekayo. Ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi eliboshwe ngamabhawudi lifaneleka kahle kulo msebenzi ngoba uhlelo lwamaphaneli luvumela ukuphakama ukuthi kukhethwe cishe ngokuzimela kububanzi, futhi amathangi aboshwe ngamabhawudi anikezwa ngamayunithi angawodwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ububanzi bamaphaneli cishe obungu-1.2 m busho ukuthi igobolondo lingakhiwa ngobubanzi obukhulu ngamazinga ambalwa ezikhathi, futhi ithangi lingaphakanyiswa kamuva ngokwengeza amaphaneli uma isidingo senqubo sikhula.
Ukuhlola okusheshayo: ithangi elinobubanzi D nokuphakama koketshezi H ligcina cishe ama-cubic metres angu-0.785 × D² × H. Uma ivolumu edingekayo ingu-3,000 m³ futhi indawo inikeza indawo yobubanzi obungu-15 m, ukujula koketshezi kufinyelela cishe ku-17 m, okukutshela ngokushesha ukuthi kufanele kukhule ububanzi noma udonga lwedayiki kufanele lwenze umsebenzi. Ububanzi obukhulu, ukuphakama okulinganiselayo, ngokuvamile iyimpendulo yomphakathi engcono esizeni esincane ngoba i-ring beam kanye nephethini ye-anchor kushibhile kuneqokobhe elide elincane. Ngokuphambene nalokho obekulindelekile, ithangi elide elincane libiza kakhulu ukulihlanganisa olwandle noma esisekelweni esithambile, futhi kunzima ukuligcina liyindilinga ngesikhathi sokulakha.
Izinto zokwakha, ama-lining kanye nokusebenzisana kokugqwala
Ivolumu yokugcina ayinanzuzo uma indawo yangaphakathi ebamba uketshezi ihluleka kuqala. Imisebenzi eminingi yesibili yokugcina ithwala umsebenzi onzima: amanzi angcolile asemafini okucwenga uwoyela, ukuchitheka kwamakhemikhali, amanzi angcolile ezindaweni zokulahla udoti, amanzi okususa ase-acidic. Igobolondo lensimbi ye-carbon ngaphandle kwesembozo sangaphakathi liyinkinga yokunakekela kuleyo misebenzi ngoba ukugqwala kunciphisa ithini eliseduze kwendawo yoketshezi nangaphansi kwesendlalelo sentlenga. Amaphaneli e-glass-fused-to-steel athwala ungqimba lwe-enamel oluhlanganiswe nensimbi ku-820–930 °C ngobukhulu bongqimba obungu-0.25–0.45 mm, kulinganiswa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², kuhlolwe nge-spark ku-1500 V DC ngemva kokuhlanganiswa, futhi akusebenzi ngalutho ku-pH 1–14. Leyo nhlanganisela isusa isembozo endleleni ebalulekile futhi igxilisa ukuhlola kuma-gaskets, amabhawudi kanye nesembozo sangaphandle.
Ukuqinisa nokuvimbela yilapho amathangi aqiniswe ngamabhawodi ethola khona isabelomali sawo sokunakekela. Amabhawodi ezinga lika-8.8 ohlelweni oluvimbela ukugqwala, ukuhlangana kwamaphaneli ane-EPDM gasket, kanye nesikhathi esimisiwe sokuphinda kuqiniswe ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwamanzi kokuqala kugcina ugobolondo luqinile. Ukulungiswa kokuhlangana, ukuphinda kugcotshwe ingaphandle, kanye nokuhlolwa kabusha kwe-spark ngezikhathi ezithile kuchaza isikhathi sokuhlola esingokoqobo. Kufanele futhi kushiwo ngokusobala emhlanganweni wokuklama ukuthi ithangi le-GFS iyisitsha sokucindezela okujwayelekile noma okuphansi, hhayi isitsha sokucindezela; uma inqubo idinga ukucindezela, uphahla kanye nendlela yekhodi kushintsha ngokuphelele.
Incazelo Yobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Umthamo wokukhululwa kwesimo esibi kakhulu | umthamo ogcwele wegobolondo, noma izinga lesihlalo sophahla lwephahla elintantayo | isiqu esikhulu esisodwa silawula |
Imvume ye-Freeboard | 2–5 ekhulwini levolumu, ubuncane obungu-300 mm | ukwanda kokushisa, i-foam, inzika |
Ukunyuka kwemvula / ukuncibilika kweqhwa | ngokwesiphathimandla sasendaweni noma ukuhlolwa kwengozi yesizinda | qinisekisa ngaphambi kwemisebenzi yokwakha |
Ububanzi bephaneli | cishe u-1.2 m | uhlelo lwamaphaneli e-modular bolted |
Izinga lebhawudi | amabhawudi ezinga lesi-8.8 | ukuxhumana okuboshiwe okugwema ukugqwala |
Izinga lokushisa lokuhlangana kwe-Enamel | 820–930 °C | ukuhlangana okukodwa kokushisa nensimbi |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-Enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa |
Amandla okucindezela ongqimba lwe-Enamel | ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² | kulinganiselwe ongqimba lwe-enamel |
Ukungalingani kobuso | Ra < 0.8 µm | kulula ukuhlanza ngemuva kokuchitheka |
Ukumelana ne-pH | 1–14 | engasebenzi phakathi nebhendi yesevisi ephelele |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | okungenani iminyaka engama-30 | ngaphansi kwesevisi yamakhemikhali ecacisiwe |
Indlela esibhala ngayo isibalo
Isicelo esivikelekile sikhombisa ukulandelana kwezigigaba esikhundleni somphumela nje. Sibalisa yonke into esendaweni enomthamo wayo wokugcina, sikhombe into elawulayo, sisho i-freeboard nezibonelelo zemvula ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nesizathu, sikhombise umthamo wokugcina odingekayo, bese sikhombisa umthamo wangempela olethwayo wethangi noma idayiki elihlongozwayo elinomkhawulo oshiwo. Abanikazi nabalawuli bamukela leli fomethi ngoba umkhawulo ucacile. Lapho iphrojekthi ingenayo iphrojekthi yeleja yekilasi layo, sisachaza lokho okulethwayo ngemisebenzi eqhathaniswayo ye-glass-fused-to-steel yomsebenzi kamasipala nowezimboni, nobubanzi bomthamo obuqinisekiswa incazelo yephrojekthi, esikhundleni sokusikisela indawo ethile edlule.
Ukuhlolwa kokugcina kwe-geometry kuhlala kungokwesizinda: ukufinyelela komgwaqo kwephaneli enkulu kunazo zonke ethunyelwayo, indawo yokuphakamisa i-crane, ukuthwala komhlabathi ngaphansi kwe-ring beam, kanye nebanga lokuhlukanisa emngceleni wendawo noma endaweni yokukhipha amanzi. Ithangi elilungile ngokobuchwepheshe kodwa elingakwazi ukwakhiwa esizeni iyisimo esivamile sokushintsha kwesigaba sakamuva kumaphrojekthi okugcina.
Isimo Somklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Product | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi elinobubanzi obukhulu | Namibia | Itanki ye-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka nokugada |
Amathangi amanzi okuqeda umlilo, amayunithi amabili | China, Sichuan | Amathangi e-GFS | 8,930 m³ | φ19.87 × 14.4 m lilinye, ukuhlinzeka |
Itanki yamanzi angcolile amakhemikhali, ububanzi obukhulu | China, Zhejiang | Itanki ye-GFS | 11,613 m³ | φ24.45 × 19.8 m, ukuhlinzeka |
Itanki yamanzi aphuzwayo | Indonesia | Ithangi le-GFS | 21,099 m³ | φ42.04 × 15.2 m, ukunikezwa |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Enamel Ephakathi
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) e-China, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Lelo khono lisebenza ngqo emsebenzini wokugcina: ukulinganisa kwamaphaneli e-modular okwenza ukuthi ubude bumiswe ngemuva kokubalwa kwevolumu, indawo ye-enamel engasebenzi emsebenzini wokuchitheka okunamandla, kanye namaphakethe emibhalo abonisa ngokusobala izikhala zokugcina amanzi kanye nezabelo zemvula.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ngabe ingxenye eyi-100% yethangi elikhulu kakhulu ihlala idingeka?
A1: Emathangini anophahla olungagudluki isisekelo esivamile umthamo ogcwele wegobolondo lesitsha esikhulu kunazo zonke kanye ne-freeboard. Lapho umlawuli noma izinga lesayithi lifuna okwengeziwe, okwengeziwe ngokuvamile kuvezwa njengephesenti lalelo volumu eyisisekelo kunokuba kube iphesenti lebhethri yamathangi isiyonke.
Q2: Uwakhulisa kanjani amazinga okugcina uketshezi ethangini elinophahla oluntantayo lwangaphandle?
A2: Sebenzisa ivolumu esezingeni eliphezulu lokuhlala kophahla kunomthamo wegobolondo. Uphahla alunakukhipha uketshezi ngaphezu kwendawo yalo yokuhlala, ngakho-ke ivolumu elawulayo iphansi, futhi ukucacisa umthamo wegobolondo kumane kwakhe udonga olukhulu ngokweqile.
Q3: Ingabe udonga kufanele lungangeneki futhi lube lude ngokwanele?
A3: Yebo kuzinhlaka eziningi zokulawula. Phansi kanye nobuso bangaphakathi kodonga kudinga ulwelwesi noma ungqimba olugxilile olungangenisi amanzi, futhi indawo okungena kuyo umsele noma umgudu wamanzi kufanele ivalwe noma kufakwe isivalo esingavalwa lapho kukhala i-alamu.
Umbuzo 4: Ingabe ithangi ngokwalo lingaba yisitsha sokugcina esincane?
Impendulo 4: Imvamisa yebo, lapho ithangi elilodwa eliboshiwe lisebenza njengomgqomo wenqubo kanye nesitsha sokuchitheka. Isimo esibalulekile ukuthi ingaphakathi lethangi lingakwazi ukubamba ukukhululwa komsebenzi wesibili ngaphandle kokuchichima nangaphandle kwengxube engahambisani namakhemikhali.
Umbuzo 5: Kungani sengeza isibonelelo semvula uma idayiki ikhipha amanzi?
Impendulo 5: Ngoba idayiki ekhipha amanzi ayikwazi ukukhipha amanzi ngesikhathi sokukhululwa uqobo. Uma ukukhishwa kuwukuchitheka kwesikhathi esisodwa ukukhishwa kwamanzi kungase kwamukeleke; uma isitsha sokugcina siyisitsha senqubo saphakade, isiphathimandla ngokuvamile sizodinga ukuthi ukwengezwa kugcinwe, hhayi ukukhishwa.
Umbuzo 6: Yiluphi ukhululo lwamahhala olunconywayo ethangini le-GFS eliboshiwe?
A6: Amaphesenti amabili kuya kwamahlanu womthamo oqukethwe anobuncane obungu-300 millimitha kuyisicaciso esisebenzayo. Kuhlanganisa ukwanda kokushisa, igwebu kanye nentlenga, futhi kugcina umugqa woketshezi ngaphansi komhlangano wophahla ukuze i-gasket ingalokothi ibone ukucwiliswa.
Q7: Ingabe ithangi lingandiswa kamuva uma isidingo somthamo sikhula?
A7: Ngokuvamile yebo. Amathangi amaphaneli aboshiwe angathatha amaphaneli engeziwe ukuphakamisa ubude begobolondo kanye namabheyi engeziwe ukwandisa ububanzi, yingakho abanikazi abaningi becacisa isisekelo somkhondo omkhulu kunazo zonke okungenzeka ekuqaleni.
Umthamo wokugcina wesibili ukubala okunokulandelana okucacile: khomba isitsha esilawulayo, thatha umthamo waso wokukhululwa esimweni esibi kakhulu, engeza i-freeboard kanye nanoma yikuphi ukwenyuka kwemvula okudingekayo, hlola i-footprint, bese kuthi kuphela ulungisa i-diameter kanye nokuphakama kwegobolondo. Amaphutha avame kakhulu ukucacisa ibhethri lonke lethangi esikhundleni sesitsha esisodwa esikhulu kunazo zonke, ukusebenzisa umthamo wegobolondo lapho izinga lesihlalo sophahla oluntantayo lilawula, kanye nokushiya ngaphandle i-freeboard ngokuphelele. Ithangi elilinganiswe ngaphandle komkhawulo oshiwo lizogcwala ngaphambi kwalokho obekuhlelwe yinoma ubani.
Sithumele uhlu lweziqukuthi, uketshezi olulawulayo, indawo etholakalayo kanye nezinga elisebenzayo, futhi sizobuyisela ukubalwa komthamo wokugcina ngokukhululeka komoya kanye nezibonelelo zemvula eziboniswe ngokusobala, kanye nobubanzi nokuphakama kwegobolondo okwanelisayo.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Yabelana ngohlu lwakho lwamathangi, uketshezi kanye nomthamo wakho, umngcele wendawo ongawusebenzisa, kanye nezinga noma isimo semvume obhekene naso ekwakheni. Onjiniyela bethu bazobala umthamo wokugcina, baphakamise ububanzi nokuphakama kwegobolondo ngokukhululeka komoya okubonisiwe, futhi bathumele iphakethe lefayela lobuchwepheshe ukuze ulibuyekeze. Akunasibopho, akukho kulandela kokuthengisa ngaphandle kwempendulo yobunjiniyela.
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