Ingakanani i-Biogas Ekhiqizwa Ukugaywa Kodaka: umthamo, i-HRT kanye nesiqondiso sokulinganisa ithangi
Kwadalwa ngo 09.09
Ukugaya kudala umoya-mpilo ongakanani: umthamo, i-HRT kanye nesiqondiso sokulinganisa ithangi
I-anaerobic digestion yodaka lwamanzi e-sewage ngokuvamile ikhiqiza u-0.3–0.5 m³ CH₄ ngekhilogremu ngayinye yezinto eziqinile eziguquguqukayo ezicekelwe phansi, noma u-0.5–0.6 m³ we-biogas ngekhilogremu ye-VS eyengeziwe, ezingeni lokushisa le-mesophilic. Igesi langempela linqunywa izinto ezine eziguquguqukayo: ukugxila kwezinto eziqinile zokudla, ingxenye yezinto eziqinile eziguquguqukayo, isikhathi sokugcinwa kwe-hydraulic kanye nokuzinza kokushisa. I-digester engu-10,000 m³ ku-35–38 °C ene-HRT yezinsuku ezingama-20–30 ngokuvamile izolinganiswa ngokwesilinganiso esiphezulu sokukhiqizwa kwegesi, hhayi esilinganiselwe, ngoba ukubanjwa kwegesi kanye nomngcele wengcindezi yophahla kufanele kumelane nekuphela kwesonto lokudla okuncishisiwe kanye nomthwalo wemvula ongazelelwe. Lo mhlahlandlela ukhombisa indlela yokuguqula i-mass balance ibe umthamo wethangi kanye nencazelo yophahla.
Iningi lonjiniyela bezinqubo bahlangana nombuzo wokulinganisa i-digester kuphela ngemva kokuba isitshalo sesamukelwe futhi imisebenzi yokwakha isibalwa ngentengo. Isivumelwano se-sludge yokuphakelayo sisayiniwe, indlela yokulahla i-digestate inqunyiwe, futhi ngokuzumayo othile ubuza ukuthi mangaki amamitha e-cubic wevolumu ye-digester adingekayo ukuze kugcinwe i-boiler isebenza phakathi nobusika. Lowo mbuzo awuphendulwa ngumthetho wesandla kuphela: umkhiqizo we-biogas uncike ekutheni zingakanani izinto ezi-volatile solids ezisemfakelweni, isikhathi eside kangakanani uketshezi luhlala ethangini, nokuthi izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ngaphakathi kwebhendi elincane. Le ndatshana ihamba nge-mass balance ephendula lokho, bese ibonisa lapho inombolo iphenduka ibe ububanzi bethangi, isakhiwo sophahla kanye nesethi yephoyinti ye-valve yokuphepha. Ukuthi ingakanani i-biogas ekhiqizwa ukugaywa kwe-sludge kuba ukubalwa kobunjiniyela okuqondile uma isimo somfakelo sesaziwa.
Inombolo yegesi ivela kuphi ngempela
Ukukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-digester kuncike ekubhujisweni kwezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo, hhayi kumthamo wethangi. Isisho esijwayelekile sokuklama siqala ngezinga lokulayisha izinto eziqinile eziguqukayo: i-biogas ekhiqizwayo ilingana ne-VS esusiweyo iphindwe ngesivuno esithile segesi sale substrate. Ezinhlotsheni zikamasipala zokuqala nezingxubevange ze-sludge, isibalo esisebenzayo sokuhlela singu-0.5–0.6 m³ we-biogas nge-kg ngayinye ye-VS eyengeziwe, futhi cishe amaphesenti angu-60 alowo mthamo yi-methane. Imifudlana yokudla nemfucuza yokuvutshelwa efana ne-distillery noma i-effluent yokucubungula ubhontshisi ivamise ukunotha kakhulu, futhi ingahlelwa engxenyeni ephezulu yalelo banga noma ngaphezulu kwayo uma ibhalansi ye-COD isiqinisekisiwe ngokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri hhayi ngamanani emibhalo.
Isinyathelo sokuqala sihlala siyisivivinyo sokuhlukanisa udaka lwangempela. Izinto eziqinile zizonke, izinto eziqinile eziguquguqukayo njengengxenye ye-TS, kanye nesilinganiso se-COD kuya ku-VS kukutshela ukuthi isayithi ihlezi ku-0.4 noma ku-0.7 m³/kg. Isitshalo esamukela udaka olusebenzayo olujiyile kuphela sizohlala phansi kubhendi; isitshalo esingenisa noma esigaya ngokuhlanganyela umfudlana wokudla onamandla aphezulu sizohlala phezulu. Abaklami abeqa lesi sinyathelo bavame ukunciphisa isibambi segesi nge-20 kuya ku-30 ekhulwini, okubonakala kamuva njengoba i-digester isebenza ngaphezu kwengcindezi yayo yokuklama ngesonto lokuqala lomthwalo ophezulu.
Ukuguqula isivuno sibe umthamo wesitsha sokugaya
I-volatile solids loading kanye nesikhathi sokugcinwa kwamanzi (hydraulic retention time) kunquma umthamo we-reactor. Uma isisindo se-VS sansuku zonke sesaziwa, umthamo we-reactor ulandela izinga lokulayisha elikhethiwe le-organic. Ukusebenza kwe-mesophilic ku-35–38 °C yikhomba elijwayelekile, nesikhathi sokugcinwa kwamanzi esiyizinsuku ezingama-20–30 kudaka lwasemadolobheni kanye nezinsuku eziyi-15–20 ekugxiliseni okuphezulu kwe-solids. Ukulayisha ngevolumu ngokuvamile kugcinwa ebangeni lika-1.5–4.0 kg VS nge-cubic metre ngayinye yevolumu ye-digester ngosuku. Hlukanisa umthwalo we-VS wansuku zonke ngezinga lokulayisha eliklanyelwe futhi unomthamo wokusebenza; engeza isikhala samahhala se-foam, i-scum kanye ne-gas head-space futhi unokuphakama kwegobolondo lethangi.
Umthamo wevolumu awusona kuphela umkhawulo. Ithangi kufanele futhi ligcine izinga loketshezi elizinzile phakathi kwesendlalelo sogwebu esakheka phezulu, futhi lishiye indawo yesikhala segesi ngaphezu komugqa woketshezi. I-digester esebenza ku-35–38 °C ngaphandle kokuxutshwa komshini yakha uqweqwe oluntantayo olungafinyelela kubukhulu bamakhulu ambalwa amamilimitha; lolo qweqwe luthatha ivolumu imodeli yenqubo engayibonanga. Ukwengeza isixutshi esisodwa noma ezimbili zomshini, noma ukusebenzisa ukujikeleza kwe-biogas ukuxutsha, kugcina uqweqwe luncane futhi kuvumela ivolumu esebenzayo ukuba ihambisane nezibalo.
Uphahla, umngcele wengcindezi kanye nokuphathwa kwegesi
Uphahla lwe-digester luwumngcele wegesi onengcindezi ephansi, hhayi isitsha sokucindezela. Ama-digester amancane naphakathi nendawo cishe ahlala esetshenziswa eduze komkhathi womoya kanti isikhala segesi sigcinwa kuma-kilopascal ambalwa kuphela. Amaphahla anezinhlaka ezimbili noma awe-glass-fabric yiwona avame ukukhethwa: ulwelwesi lwangaphandle oluchayeka esimweni sezulu kanye nolwelwesi lwangaphakathi oluthwala ingcindezi yegesi ebizwa ngokuthi ingaba ngu-2–3 kPa, kanye nohlelo lokukhipha umoya kanye ne-flame arrestor emgqeni wegesi. Shono ukuthi ithangi liyini emhlanganweni wokuklama — isakhiwo sokugcina esinegcindezi ephansi esinophahla oluguquguqukayo — ngoba ukucacisa nge-rigid-converter kumema indlela yekhodi engalungile kanye nezindleko ezingalungile.
I-Corrosion yisihloko sesibili sophahla. I-H₂S esemgodini we-digester ihlasela insimbi emgqeni woketshezi nasezindaweni zokujiya komoya esikhaleni segesi, kodwa i-glass-fused-to-steel lining ngokwayo ayisebenzi ngamakhemikhali kulo lonke uhla lwe-pH, okususa i-lining njengendlela yokwehluleka futhi kushiya kuphela amajoyinti aboshiwe, ama-gaskets kanye ne-external coating okufanele ihlolwe. Ama-EPDM gasketed bolted panels, ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-bolt torque ngezikhathi ezithile yisikhathi esisebenzayo sokuhlola se-GFS digester. Ukususa isulfure nge-FeCl₃ dosing noma i-dry iron oxide bed kuvikela ama-boilers nama-gensets angaphansi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-lining yetanki ingabekezelela ini.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwesitsha sokugaya | 35–38 °C (mesophilic) | 50–55 °C thermophilic lapho ukushisa kushibhile |
Isikhathi sokugcinwa kwe-hydraulic | Izinsuku ezingama-20–30 ngezinga le-mesophilic | Izinsuku ezingama-15–20 lapho okuqinile kukhulu |
Isivuno esithile se-methane | 0.3–0.5 m³ CH₄ nge kg VS echithiwe | Qinisekisa ngokuhlola i-sludge yendawo |
Umkhiqizo we-Biogas (zonke izingxenye) | 0.5–0.6 m³ biogas nge kg VS engeziwe | Ingxenye ye-Methane ngokuvamile ~60 percent |
Ingcindezi yesikhala segesi | ±3–5 kPa, ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi ~2–3 kPa | I-valve yokukhulula kanye ne-flame arrestor kuyadingeka |
Izinga lokushisa lokuhlangana kwe-Enamel | 820–930 °C | Ingilazi ihlanganiswe nensimbi ngomjikelezo wokushisa owodwa |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-Enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngemuva kokuhlanganisa |
Amandla okucindezela ongqimba lwe-Enamel | ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² | Kulinganiselwe ungqimba lwe-enamel uqobo |
Ukuqhubeka kobuso | Ra < 0.8 µm | Indawo yangaphakathi ezinzile, elula ukuhlanza |
A3: Ngoba isivuno sibikwa ngekhilogramu yezinto eziqinile eziguquguqukayo, hhayi nge-cubic metre yokuphakelayo. Umehluko ekuqineni, esilinganisweni sodaka olugayiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nodaka oluphambili, ekwengezweni kwentlenga yokuqala, kanye nobudala bodaka lwembewu konke kushintsha le nombolo. | 1–14 | Ayinakusabela kuyo yonke i-pH yokugaya |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | okungenani iminyaka engama-30 | Ngaphansi kwesevisi yamakhemikhali ecacisiwe |
Ukulinganisa ithangi elisetshenziswa yisikhungo ngempela
Thatha isibonelo esisetshenzisiwe. Umasipala wemisebenzi uthumela u-1,200 m³ ngosuku lwenhlabathi emanzi ene-5 pesenti yezinto eziqinile eziphelele kanye nengxenye yezinto eziqinile eziguquguqukayo engu-0.70. Lokho kungamathani angu-60 ezinto eziqinile ezomile ngosuku, amathani angu-42 e-VS ngosuku. Ngesilinganiso sokulayisha esingu-2.5 kg VS nge-cubic metre ngosuku, umthamo wokusebenza odingekayo ucishe ube ngu-16,800 m³, okuhambisana ne-HRT yezinsuku ezingu-20. Engeza cishe u-15 pesenti wesikhala samahhala, uqweqwe kanye nesikhala segesi, futhi umthamo weqokobhe ufinyelela cishe ku-19,000–20,000 m³. Ukukhiqizwa kwegesi ku-0.55 m³ nge-kg VS kunikeza cishe u-23,100 m³ we-biogas ngosuku, cishe u-960 m³ ngehora ngokwesilinganiso, kanti umvuthwandaba mhlawumbe ungaphezu kwalokho ngo-30 pesenti lapho umjikelezo wokuphakela ugxilile.
Lelo zinga eliphezulu lincika ububanzi bepayipi, isiphephetha-moya kanye nosayizi we-flare. Izinga elimaphakathi lincika ibhoyila. Umthamo wethangi uncika ubukhulu bomsebenzi wokwakha. Ukudidanisa enye yalezi zinto ezintathu iyindlela evame kakhulu yokuthi iphrojekthi yokugaya idlule isabelomali sayo. Ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe ngamabhawodi ezingilazi eliboshwe ngamabhawodi, elinobubanzi bamaphaneli angaba ngu-1.2 m, liyimpendulo esebenzayo kulesi sikhathi ngoba igobolondo lingathunyelwa ngemithwalo ehlukene, ukuphakama kulungiswe kube umthamo obaliwe ngaphandle kokuphinda kudwetshwe isisekelo, futhi ithangi landiswe kamuva uma imboni ikhula.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ingxenye yokwelashwa kwe-anaerobic yamanzi angcolile okucubungula ubhontshisi | China, Hebei | Amathangi okugaya e-GFS anophahla lwe-membrane engavumi ukungena komoya | ingxenye yenqubo ye-anaerobic enikeziwe | ukuhlinzeka ngethangi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwengxenye ye-anaerobic |
Amathangi amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, amayunithi angama-27 | China, Xinjiang | Amathangi e-GFS | 30,469 m³ isiyonke | ukuhlinzeka nokuqondisa |
Amathangi e-wwastewater yasebhulawini | China, Sichuan | Amathangi e-GFS | 14,655 m³ | ukuhlinzeka ngetanki eliboshiwe nophahla |
Amathangi e-wastewater kamasipala, amayunithi ayi-10 | China, Sichuan | Amathangi e-GFS | 17,420 m³ isamba | ukuhlinzeka nokuhlanganisa endaweni |
Amandla Okusebenza Kwe-Enamel Yesikhungo
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngezibophezelo. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ngenkonzo yokugaya leli khono lihlanganisa ihadiwe elihlobene nenqubo: ukuhlanganiswa kophahla lwe-membrane ephindwe kabili engavuzi igesi, umngcele wengcindezi kanye namaphoyinti okukhulula okuchazwe ngenhla, kanye nokufakwa kwe-enamel okungasebenzi nakancane oketshezini olumuncu, olunommonia oluqukethwe yi-digester ngempela.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingakanani i-biogas ekhiqizwa ukugaywa kwe-sludge nge-toni eyodwa ye-sludge emanzi?
Impendulo 1: Kuncike ekuqukethwe kwezinto eziqinile. Kuma-5 ekhulwini ezinto eziqinile eziphelele kanye nama-70 ekhulwini ezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo, itoni eyodwa ye-sludge emanzi iletha cishe u-35 kg we-VS, okuthi ku-0.5–0.6 m³ nge-kg ye-VS kunikeze cishe u-17–21 m³ we-biogas nge-toni eyodwa ye-sludge emanzi efakiwe.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe ukunyusa izinga lokushisa le-digester kwenyusa isivuno segesi?
A2: Ngokwezinga elincane kuphela. I-mesophilic 35–38 °C kanye ne-thermophilic 50–55 °C zisusa ingxenye efanayo ye-VS. Umehluko ongokoqobo yijubane: ukugaywa kwe-thermophilic kunciphisa isikhathi sokugcinwa komthwalo ofanayo, ngakho umthamo wethangi uyancipha kuyilapho izindleko zamandla okushisa nokuxuba zikhuphuka.
Q3: Kungani udaka olufanayo lukhiqiza amavolumu egesi ahlukene ezitshalweni ezimbili?
A3: Ngoba isivuno sibikwa ngekhilogramu yezinto eziqinile eziguquguqukayo, hhayi nge-cubic metre yokuphakelayo. Umehluko ekuqineni, esilinganisweni sodaka olugayiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nodaka oluphambili, ekwengezweni kwentlenga yokuqala, kanye nobudala bodaka lwembewu konke kushintsha le nombolo.
Umbuzo 4: Ingabe ithangi le-GFS lingasetshenziselwa i-anaerobic digester?
Impendulo 4: Yebo. Amathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel ayizakhiwo zokugcina ezingaphansi komfutho ophansi, futhi ungqimba lwe-enamel alunasabelo kuyo yonke i-pH 1–14, okufanele indawo ye-ammonia ne-sulphide ye-digester. Uhlelo lwophahla, hhayi ugobolondo, oluthwala umngcele wegesi.
Umbuzo 5: Ulinganisa kanjani isigcini segesi ngokuqhathanisa ne-digester?
Impendulo 5: Linganisa isigcini ngokukhiqizwa kwegesi ngehora eliphakeme kanye nemajini, hhayi isilinganiso sansuku zonke. Ukwehla kwempelasonto ekudleni, ukushaqeka okushisayo kanye nokuguquguquka kwemithwalo evela emfudlaneni wokudla okugaywayo yizimo okufanele isigcini kanye nohlelo lokukhulula kukwamukele.
Umbuzo 6: Yisiphi isikhathi esivamile sokuhlola uphahla lwe-digester?
A6: Ukuhlolwa kophahla olubonakalayo kanye nolwelwelwano ngaphakathi kwethangi ngesikhathi sokumiswa kokusebenza, ukuhlolwa kwe-gasket ne-bolt torque kumjikelezo ofanayo, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-spark yokufakwa kwangaphakathi ngemuva kwanoma yikuphi ukushintshwa kwephaneli. Iningi labanikazi benza ukuhlolwa kwesakhiwo minyaka yonke kanye nocwaningo olufushane lwelwelwano oluhambisana nokumiswa kokuphepha komugqa wegesi.
I-biogas ekhishwa ekugayweni kwe-sludge iyaziwa ngaphambi kokuba i-tank i-odwe: hlukanisa i-volatile solids, khetha izinga lokulayisha, gcina izinga lokushisa ku-35–38 °C, bese uguqula i-mass balance ibe yi-volume, izinga legesi kanye nengcindezi yophahla. Izinombolo ezintathu ezibaluleke kakhulu kumthengi yi-VS loading rate, izinga legesi ngehora eliphakeme kakhulu, kanye nengcindezi uhlelo lophahla olumiselwe ukuyibamba. Uma uthola lezo zinto kahle, i-volume ye-tank iyalandela. Ukucacisa i-volume ye-shell kuphela, ngaphandle kwezinga legesi eliphakeme kanye ne-relief set point, yikho okushiya izitshalo ziswele igesi ebusika bazo bokuqala bokulayisha okuphezulu.
Uma ungathumela incazelo ye-sludge, ukuhamba kwansuku zonke okuhleliwe kanye nesikhathi sokugcina esidingekayo, onjiniyela bakwa-Center Enamel bazobuyisela ukubalwa kosayizi wethangi, isiphakamiso sophahla nomngcele wengcindezi, kanye nephakethe yemidwebo ukuze ibuyekezwe.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumelele incazelo ye-sludge yokudla, ukuhamba kwansuku zonke, ukugxila kwezinto eziqinile okuhlosiwe kanye nesidingo segesi noma sokushisa okufanele usikhokhele, futhi onjiniyela bethu benqubo kanye namathangi bazolinganisa umthamo we-digester, izinga lokusingathwa kwegesi kanye nomngcele wengcindezi yophahla, bese babelana ngephakethe lefayela lobuchwepheshe ukuze libuyekezwe. Akukho ukuzibophezela, izibalo zobunjiniyela nje ongazibeka phambi komeluleki wakho wenqubo.
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