Isikhathi Esingakanani Ukugcinwa Kwe-Sludge ku-Digester?
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Ukugcinwa Kwezibi Kuthatha Isikhathi Esingakanani Ku-Digester?
Isikhathi sokugcinwa yinamba enquma ukuthi i-digester isebenza yini, futhi futhi iyona namba evame ukuzuzwa njengefa kunokuba ibalwe. Isitshalo sikopisha inani lezinsuku ezingamashumi amabili esitshalweni esinye esine-sludge ehlukile, izinga lokushisa elihlukile nokuxubana okuhlukile, bese siyazibuza ukuthi kungani ukucekelwa kwe-volatile solids kuhlala kungaphansi kwedizayini ngamaphoyinti ayishumi nokuthi i-gas engine iyakhubeka njalo ebusika.
I-physics iyathethelela ngakolunye uhlangothi kodwa ibe nesihluku ngakolunye. Yika i-biology isikhathi esingaphezu kwalokho ekudingayo futhi umosha umthamo wethangi. Yika isikhathi esincane futhi ama-methanogens ageza ngokushesha kunokuba azalane, ama-volatile fatty acids aqongeleleka, i-pH iwe, futhi i-digester ibe muncu - ukwehluleka okuthatha amasonto ukululama.
1. Iyini Isikhathi Sokugcinwa Esijwayelekile?
Ama-digester omhlaba we-municipal sludge ajwayele ukuklanyelwa izinsuku ezingama-20 kuya kwangama-30, ama-thermophilic izinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-15, kanti amasistimu axubile anezinga eliphezulu asemaphethelweni amafushane ebhendi ngalinye.
· I-Mesophilic: Izinsuku ezingama-20 kuya kwezingu-30 ububanzi bokuklama okujwayelekile kokugaywa kukadoti wamasimende oshisayo, oxutshiwe, kamasipala ku-35-38 degrees Celsius.
· I-Thermophilic: Izinsuku ezingama-10 kuya kwezingu-15 ku-50-55 degrees Celsius, ngoba izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lisheshisa ukusabela kwebhayoloji.
· Amasistimu Ezigaba Ezimbili: Isigaba se-asidi singase sisebenze izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezinhlanu kanti isigaba se-methane sikalwa ukuze silingane, kuthuthukiswe ukucekelwa phansi okuphelele.
· Izinga Lokulayisha Kwezinto Eziqinile Eziguqukayo: Ngokuvamile livezwa njengamakhilogremu angu-1.6-3.2 ezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo ngemitha kubhu ngosuku, okuyindlela ephambene yokusho isinqumo esifanayo sokuklama.
· Uhlobo Lodoti Lubalulekile: Udoti oyisisekelo ugaya ngokushesha futhi ngokuphelele kakhudlwana kunodoti we-activated sludge, ngakho ukudla okuxutshiwe kudinga isikhathi esengeziwe kunokudla okuyisisekelo kuphela.
2. Yini Enquma Inani Elifanele?
Izinto ezinhlanu: izinga lokushisa, uhlobo lodaka nokubola kwalo, ikhwalithi yokuxuba, ukugxila kwezinto eziqinile, nokuthi udaka lwelashwe ngaphambilini yini.
· Izinga Lokushisa: Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lisho ukusebenza okusheshayo nokugcinwa isikhathi esifushane, kodwa futhi kukhulisa ukuzwela ekuphazamisekeni.
· Ukubola Kokudla: Udaka olusebenzayo (waste activated sludge) aluboli kalula njengodaka oluyinhloko; ukushiswa ngamanzi (thermal hydrolysis) noma olunye ulwelasho lwangaphambilini lunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi esidingekayo.
· Ikhwalithi Yokuxuba: Ukuxuba okungakuhle kudala izindawo ezingasebenzi nokujikeleza okufushane, ngakho ukugcinwa okusebenzayo kuncane kakhulu kunenani elishiwo.
· Ukugxila Kwezinto Eziqinile: Ukugxila okuphezulu kwezinto eziqinile kukhulisa umthwalo wevolumu ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwamanzi okufanayo, yingakho ukusebenza kwe-thickener kubalulekile ngaphambili.
· Ukucekela Phansi Okuhlosiwe: Ukucekela phansi kwezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo noma izinga lokugula okudingekayo kubeka ubuncane; ukuya ngale kwalokho kudla umthamo ngemiphumela enciphayo.
3. Kwenzekani Uma Kufushane Kakhulu Noma Kude Kakhulu?
Ukufushane kakhulu kusengozini yokwehluleka kwenqubo kunokuba nje ukusebenza kabi. Ukude kakhulu ukungasebenzi kahle kwemali enkulu kunokuba yingozi.
· Ukufushane Kakhulu - Ukugezwa: Ngaphansi kwezinsuku eziyishumi ezijwayelekile emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo, inani lama-methanogen liyalahleka ngokushesha kunokuba likhule kabusha.
· Kufushane Kakhulu - I-Acidification: Ama-volatile fatty acids ayanqwabelana, i-pH yehla, ukukhiqizwa kwegesi kwehla kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-methane kwehle nakho. Ukululama kuthatha amasonto okunciphisa umthwalo.
· Kufushane Kakhulu - Ukwakheka kwegwebu: Ukugaya ukudla okucindezelekile kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezinemicu kukhuthaza igwebu nokuntanta, okunciphisa umthamo wokusebenza ngokwengeziwe.
· Kude Kakhulu - Umthamo Ochithwayo: Ngale kwendawo lapho ukubhujiswa kuma khona, ukugcinwa okwengeziwe kuthenga igesi encane kakhulu futhi kumane kudle umthamo wethangi.
· Ukujikeleza Okufushane Kuyingozi Efihlekile: Ukugcinwa okuqanjiwe kucabanga ukugeleza okuphelele. Ukuhlelwa okungafanele kokungena nokuphuma kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokugcina ngempela ngaphandle kokushintsha inombolo noma iyiphi emdwebeni.
Isimo | Isikhathi Sokugcina | Ukusebenza Okulindelekile |
I-mesophilic, udaka oluxubile | Izinsuku ezingama-20-30 | Ukubhujiswa kwamaphesenti angama-40-50 ezinto eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo |
I-mesophilic, eyokuqala kuphela | Izinsuku ezingama-15-25 | Ukubhujiswa okuphezulu ngekhilogremu ngalinye lezinto eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo |
I-thermophilic, udaka oluxubile | Izinsuku ezingama-10-15 | Ukucubungula okusheshayo, ukubulala amagciwane okukhulu |
Ngokushisa ngamanzi ashisayo | Izinsuku ezingama-10-15 ze-mesophilic | Ukulayisha okuphezulu kanye nesivuno segesi esiphezulu |
Ngaphansi kwezinsuku eziyishumi ezifudumele | Indawo enobungozi | Ukuhlanza, ukufakwa kwe-asidi nokukhipha amagwebu |
Ukuqinisekiswa kobunjiniyela nokusekelwa kwephrojekthi
Wonke ithangi elethwa yi-Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd. (Center Enamel) lakhiwe ngokuqinisekiswa kwe-AWWA D103-09 kanye ne-EN 1090, nokuhlolwa kwe-finite element kwemithwalo yegobolondo, uphahla kanye nezimbobo, kuhlanganiswe ngezinga lokushisa elingu-820-930°C ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, kuhlolwe nge-holiday test ku-1500 V kuyo yonke ingaphezulu elingamaphesenti ayikhulu, futhi kuhlanganiswe ngamabhawudi e-Grade 8.8 kanye ne-sealant eqinisekiswe ngumkhiqizi. Ubukhulu be-digester busekelwa ukuhlaziywa kwe-feedstock, izibalo zokugcina nokulayisha, kanye nokuhlelwa kokuxuba nokungenisa okuklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukujikeleza okufushane (short-circuiting).
Imibuzo Ejwayelekile (FAQ)
Yini umehluko phakathi kwe-HRT ne-SRT?
Isikhathi sokugcinwa kwamanzi (hydraulic retention time) yisikhathi esijwayelekile amanzi ahlala ngaso ethangini; isikhathi sokugcinwa kwezinto eziqinile (solids retention time) yisikhathi izinto eziqinile zihlala ngaso. Ethangini elingaxutshwanga elinokunqwabelana kwezinto eziqinile, lezi zikhathi zihluka kakhulu; ethangini elixutshwe kahle elisezingeni eliphezulu, ziyafana ngempumelelo.
Kwenzekani uma isikhathi sokugcinwa sifushane kakhulu?
Inani lama-methanogen liyakhishwa ngokushesha kunokuba likwazi ukuzala, ama-volatile fatty acids ayakhuphuka, i-pH iyehla, ukukhiqizwa kwegesi nokuqukethwe kwe-methane kuyehla, futhi ukuphuma kwegwebu kuvame ukulandela. Ukululama kudinga ukunciphisa umthwalo futhi kungathatha amasonto amaningi.
Izinga lokushisa lithinta kanjani isikhathi sokugcinwa?
Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lisheshisa ukusebenza kwebhayoloji, ngakho ama-digester ashisayo (thermophilic) ku-50-55 degrees Celsius adinga cishe uhhafu wesikhathi sokugcinwa uma kuqhathaniswa nama-mesophilic ku-35-38 degrees Celsius ukuze kube nokucekelwa okufanayo.
Izinga lokufaka izinto eziqinile eziguqukayo (volatile solids loading rate) elijwayelekile liyini?
Ngokuvamile amakhilogremu angu-1.6-3.2 wezinto eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo ngemitha yekhubhu ngosuku kuma-digester asebenza ngezinga eliphezulu lokushisa (mesophilic), futhi le nombolo iyenyuka uma udaka lwelashwa ngaphambilini noma ukucoliswa okuhlanganyelwe kwengeza ukudla okubolayo kalula.
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