Isikhathi Esingakanani Ukugcinwa Kodaka Emgodini Wokubola: I-HRT, i-SRT kanye Nokuklanywa Kwesivuno
Kwadalwa ngo 09.09
Isikhathi Esingakanani Sokugcinwa Kodaka Ku-Digester: I-HRT, i-SRT kanye Nokuklanywa Kwesivuno
Ukugcinwa kwenhlaka ku-digester ngokuvamile kuyizinsuku ezingama-20–30 ekusebenzeni kwe-mesophilic ku-35–38 °C kudoti ojwayelekile kamasipala nezimboni ophilayo. Ukugcinwa kuyisitatimende sevolumu: phindaphinda umthwalo wansuku zonke we-volatile solids nge-hydraulic retention ekhethiwe ukuze uthole ivolumu yokusebenza, bese ususa isikhala esithathwa yi-foam, i-scum nesihlabathi esicwile ngokuthula. Ukuhlelwa kokukhiqizwa kwegesi kusebenzisa cishe u-0.5–0.6 m³ we-biogas ngekhilogramu ye-volatile solids esusiwe enhlakeni ejwayelekile kamasipala. Gcina uhlangothi lwegesi kumakhilopascal ambalwa ngesembozo esiguquguqukayo futhi igobolondo le-digester lihlala lilula.
Isikhathi sokugcinwa yinombolo enquma ukuthi i-digester ikhiqiza igesi noma ikhiqiza udaka. Uma sifushane kakhulu, izinto eziqinile eziguqukayo zidlula zingagaywanga ngokuphelele, ama-asidi aguqukayo ayanda futhi i-pH yehla; uma sidesha kakhulu, isitsha sikhulu ngokweqile, imali esetshenzisiwe iyamosheka futhi isitshalo sikhulu kunalokho okufanele ngama-feedstock. Futhi iyinombolo evame ukucashunwa ngaphandle kwesibalo esingemuva kwayo, okuyinto eyenza izitshalo ziphele zine-reactor ehambisana nomthetho wesikhathi kunokuhamba kwemfucuza. Ukukala umfudlana nokwenza izibalo kanye kulungisa umthamo wakho konke ukuphila kwephrojekthi, futhi yizibalo ezifanayo ukuhleleka kwethangi elincike kuzo. Leso sibalo siyimpendulo esebenzayo yokuthi isikhathi sokugcinwa kodaka ku-digester singakanani, futhi silungisa isibalo sokugcinwa sakho konke ukuphila kwephrojekthi.
Isikhathi Sokugcinwa Kwamanzi Nokugcinwa Kokuqinile Akufani
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi amaningi yizinsuku zoketshezi esitsheni; ukugcinwa kwezinto eziqinile kuncike kulokho okuhla phansi. I-HRT imane nje iyivolumu yokusebenza ehlukaniswa nokugeleza kokudla kwansuku zonke, futhi yileso sibalo esicashunwa ezincazelweni eziningi zenqubo. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi amabhaktheriya e-anaerobic anamathela futhi ahamba nezinto eziqinile, isikhathi sokusebenza esisebenzayo se-biomass singaba side kunesibalo samanzi, ikakhulukazi lapho ukudla kunengxenye enkulu ehlalayo ehlala ethangini. Ngokuphambene, uma ungqimba lwe-scum lukhula phezulu noma i-grit iwela phansi, ivolumu yokusebenza esebenzayo iyancipha futhi ukugcinwa kwangempela koketshezi kwehla ngaphansi kwenani elibalwe. Ngakho-ke ukubalwa komklamo kufanele kusho ivolumu yokusebenza kanye nendawo yamahhala ye-foam, i-scum nesihlabathi njengezinto ezihlukene, hhayi ukuzihlanganisa zibe yinamba eyodwa ejabulisayo.
Isisekelo sokuhlela esisebenzayo ngakho-ke: nquma umthwalo wansuku zonke wezinto eziqinile eziguquguqukayo ovela emseleni wemfucuza kanye nezinto zawo eziqinile eziphelele; khetha ukugcinwa esigabeni sezinsuku ezingama-20–30 ukuze kusetshenziswe i-mesophilic ku-35–38 °C; phindaphinda ukuze uthole umthamo wokusebenza; bese wengeza isikhala somugqa we-scum, noma yiliphi igwebu kanye ne-grit ehlala phansi ukuze isikhala segesi nokuxubana kuhlale kusebenza. Lapho umthwalo ubolisa kakhulu ukugcinwa okufushane kungafaneleka; lapho izinto eziqinile kunzima ukuzihlukanisa, isikhathi eside. Ukusebenza kwe-thermophilic ku-50–55 °C kuyatholakala kodwa kunezidingo eziphakeme zokushisa nokuzinza.
Okuzuzwayo Ngokugcinwa Kugesi
IYield yisihlolo sokuthi ukugcinwa kwakulungile. Odakeni lwasemakhaya olujwayelekile, hlela ngokumelene cishe nama-0.5–0.6 m³ e-biogas ngekhilogramu yezinto eziphilayo ezikhishwayo; odakeni lwendle, ukukhiqizwa kwe-methane cishe okungu-0.3–0.5 m³ CH₄ ngekhilogramu yezinto eziphilayo ezikhishwayo. Phindaphinda umthwalo wansuku zonke wezinto eziphilayo ngokugcinwa okuhleliwe ukuze uthole umthamo wokusebenza, bese uphindaphinda nge-yield ukuze uthole izinga legesi elilindelekile, bese uqhathanisa lelo zinga ne-sink — injini, ibhoyila, i-flare noma ukujovwa kugridi. Uma izinga legesi lingagcwalisi i-sink, isitshalo sikhulu kakhulu kumthombo waso wokudla; uma i-sink ingakwazi ukuthatha igesi, unenkinga yokushisa igesi. Ukugcinwa, umthamo kanye nokuphuma kwegesi kuyisibalo esisodwa, futhi kufanele kwethulwe ndawonye esiphakamisweni.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwe-mesophilic | 35–38 °C | iwindi elijwayelekile lokugaya i-mesophilic |
Isikhathi sokugcinwa kwamanzi | izinsuku ezingama-20–30 | okujwayelekile kudoti wemvelo wasemasipala nowezimboni |
Inketho ye-thermophilic | 50–55 °C | isidingo esiphezulu sokushisa nokuzinza |
Isivuno se-Biogas, udaka lwasemadolobheni | 0.5–0.6 m³/kg VS esusiwe | isisekelo sokuhlela izinga legesi |
Isivuno se-Methane, udaka lwendle | 0.3–0.5 m³ CH₄/kg VS removed | kuncike ekuboleni |
Umthamo wokusebenza | umthwalo wansuku zonke we-VS × isikhathi sokugcinwa | bese wengeza igwebu, ukhwekhwe kanye nesikhala sesihlabathi |
Umngcele wengcindezi yegesi | ama-kPa ambalwa | isembozo esiguquguqukayo, igobolondo lomoya |
Ukuvikelwa | ivalvu yokuphepha yengcindezi, isicisha-mlilo | ukuvikelwa kohlangothi lwegesi |
Ukuvikela Umthamo Wokusebenza Eminyakeni
Ukuxuba, izembozo kanye nomngcele wengcindezi kunquma ukuthi ukugcinwa kuyabamba yini. Ngaphandle kokuxuba okwanele kwakheka ungqimba lwenhlanhlatha oluntantayo ebusweni futhi lukhwelela ngasendaweni yokukhipha igesi, kuyilapho umhlabathi uhlala ngaphansi komgudu wokuphuma; kokubili kunciphisa umthamo obewucatshangelwe ekwakhiweni, ngakho-ke isitshalo sisebenza ngokuthula isikhathi esifushane sokugcinwa kunalokho obekushiwo. Ukuxuba nge-biogas recirculation noma ngomshini kufanele kukalwe ukuze kugcinwe yonke ingqikithi yesitshalo isemoyeni, futhi ukudla kufanele kusatshalaliswe kulo lonke uhlangothi kunokuba kuthululwe endaweni eyodwa. Igesi ngokwayo ibanjwe isembozo esiguquguqukayo ngamakhilopasika ambalwa kuphela, ngakho-ke igobolondo alilona umkhumbi wengcindezi; i-valve yokuphepha yengcindezi kanye ne-flame arrestor kuvikela umngcele, futhi ukubopha isembozo egobolondweni yikhona okunquma ukuthi igesi ihlala ngaphakathi yini.
Icala Leprojekthi
Iprojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ingxenye ye-anaerobic yamanzi angcolile womkhiqizo kabhontshisi | I-Hebei, eShayina | I-GFS digester + isembozo | ingxenye yenqubo ye-anaerobic | ukuhlinzeka + ukuhlanganiswa kwenqubo |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile okupheka utshwala | I-Sichuan, eShayina | Ithangi le-GFS | 14,655 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + usizo lokwakha |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini | I-Xinjiang, eShayina | Ithangi le-GFS | 30,469 m³ emathangini angama-27 | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile kamasipala | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 17,420 m³ emathangini ayi-10 | ukuhlinzeka + ukusekela ukufakwa |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela le-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) e-China, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ekugayeni i-anaerobic lokhu kuhlanganisa igobolondo le-digester elilinganiswe ngokubalwa kokugcinwa, ukuhlanganiswa kophahla lwe-membrane engavumeli umoya nge-kilopascal pressure boundary nokuvikelwa kwayo, kanye nokuxuba nokusabalalisa okuphakelayo okugcina umthamo wokusebenza phakathi neminyaka.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q1: Yisiphi isikhathi sokugcina okufanele ngisihlelele?
A1: Cishe izinsuku ezingama-20–30 ekusebenzeni kwe-mesophilic ku-35–38 °C emfucumfucwini evamile kamasipala neyemboni ephilayo. Imithwalo ebolayo kakhulu ingafaneleka isikhathi esincane, izinto eziqinile ezinzima isikhathi esengeziwe, futhi akukho okufanele kunqunywe ngaphandle komthwalo we-volatile solids ophambi kwakho.
Q2: Ingabe i-HRT iyafana nesikhathi ama-solids awasichithayo?
A2: Cha. I-HRT isikhathi sokuhlala koketshezi kusukela kumthamo wokusebenza kuhlukaniswe ukugeleza kwansuku zonke. Ama-solids namabhaktheriya anamathele angahlala isikhathi eside, kodwa noma yimuphi ukhwekhwe olungaphezulu noma isihlabathi esingezansi kunciphisa umthamo wokusebenza futhi kufinyeza isikhathi sangempela sokuxhumana.
Q3: Umthamo we-digester ubalwa kanjani?
A3: Umthwalo wansuku zonke wama-volatile solids uphindwe ngesikhathi sokugcinwa esikhethiwe, kanye nesikhala samahhala segwebu, ukhwekhwe kanye nesihlabathi esihlala phansi. Izinga lokugeleza limisa kuphela ukulinganisa kwamapayipi namaphampu, futhi lezi zinto ezimbili zivame ukudidaniswa.
Q4: Yikuphi ukukhiqizwa okufanele kusetshenziswe isibikezelo segesi?
A4: Cishe u-0.5–0.6 m³ we-biogas ngekhilogramu yezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo ezikhishwe endle yodoti yasemadolobheni ejwayelekile, futhi cishe u-0.3–0.5 m³ we-methane ngekhilogramu yezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo ezikhishwe endle yodoti lwendle. Sebenzisa izinga elilumayo esibikezelweni sokuqala.
Q5: Ingabe isembozo sithinta ukugcinwa?
A5: Ngokungaqondile kodwa ngokubalulekile. Isembozo esiguquguqukayo esingavumeli igesi sibamba indawo yegesi kumakhilopascal ambalwa ngaphandle kokucindezela igobolondo, futhi ungqimba lwe-scum olufinyelela endaweni yokukhipha igesi lunciphisa umthamo osebenzayo, okwenza kufinye isikhathi sangempela sokugcinwa.
Q6: Kunini lapho i-thermophilic ifaneleka khona?
A6: Lapho isikhala senqubo noma izidingo zokubulala zithethelela umthwalo ophezulu wokushisa kanye nesidingo esikhulu sokuzinza. Kukhuphula isidingo sokushisa kanye nokuzwela emithwalweni yokushaqeka kunokuba kumane kukhuphule umkhiqizo wegesi.
Umbuzo 7: Yini ehlolwayo eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu?
Impendulo 7: Isimo se-membrane yokumboza kanye nokubambelela, i-torque yebhawudi ngemuva kokugcwaliswa kokuqala nangemuva konyaka wokuqala, ukujula kwesendlalelo se-scum kanye nokusebenza kokuxuba, amadivayisi okukhipha igesi nawokukhulula umfutho, kanye nokuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwendawo yangaphakathi ye-enamel ngesikhathi sokumiswa ngakunye.
Ukugcinwa kwenhlabathi kuyisibalo esixhumanisa imfucuza nomgqomo: umthwalo wansuku zonke wezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo, ukugcinwa esikhathini sezinsuku ezingama-20–30 ekusebenzeni kwe-mesophilic ku-35–38 °C, umthamo wokusebenza ovumela igwebu, amagwebu kanye nesihlabathi esihlala phansi, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwegesi cishe okungu-0.5–0.6 m³ ngekhilogram ngayinye yezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo ezisusiwe ukuqinisekisa umphumela. Vikela lowo mthamo ngokuxuba nokusabalalisa okuphakelayo, gcina igesi kumakhilopaskali ambalwa ngesembozo esiguquguqukayo, futhi i-digester iziphatha njengoba yakhelwe kulo lonke ukuphila kwayo. Lapho inkontileka yempahla yokuphakelayo ivuma khona, faka umgqomo owodwa bese wengeza i-digester ehambisanayo njengoba umfudlana ukhula. Thumela ukuhlaziywa kwemfucuza kanye nomkhiqizo wegesi ohlosiwe, futhi ukugcinwa nomthamo kuyalandela.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela umjelo wemfucuza onesisindo samathani, ingqikithi yezinto eziqinile kanye nevolatile solids, iphethini yokulethwa, umphumela wokukhiqizwa kwegesi ohlosiwe noma ukushintshwa kwamandla, ukuthambekela kwe-mesophilic noma i-thermophilic, isimo sezulu sendawo kanye nendawo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwegesi ekugcineni. Ithimba lobunjiniyela lizobuyisela isincomo sokugcinwa kanye nokubalwa komthamo, imvume ye-scum ne-sand, isiphakamiso somkhawulo wokumboza nengcindezi kanye nelungiselelo lokuvikela, ukuxutshwa kanye nokuhlelwa kokusatshalaliswa kokuphakelayo, isisekelo sesivuno okufanele kuhlelwe ngaso, kanye nohlelo lokulethwa ngezigaba. Lapho enye into yogobolondo ifaneleka kangcono kule nqubo, leyo ndlela ishiwo kanye nesizathu.
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