Isikhathi Esingakanani Ama-Glass Lined Steel Tanks Ahlala Isikhathi Eside: Ukuphila, Izindlela Zokwehluleka kanye Nokufakwa Kabusha
Kwadalwa ngo 09.09
Amathangi Enziwe Ngengilazi Ehlanganiswe Nensimbi Ahlala Isikhathi Eside Kangakanani: Ukuphila, Izindlela Zokwehluleka Nokuvuselelwa
Ithangi lensimbi elinezingilazi licaciswa iminyaka engamashumi amathathu noma ngaphezulu emsebenzini elakhelwe wona, futhi lesi sibalo sihlala sinjalo uma uketshezi luhlala ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ye-pH kanye nezinga lokushisa elishiwo. I-enamel ihlanganiswa nensimbi ku-820–930 °C ngesendlalelo esingu-0.25–0.45 mm esilinganiswa ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm², sihlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa futhi siqedwa ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra. Ukuphila kufushaniswa izinto ezintathu kuphela: ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwemikhawulo, ukushayeka komshini oqhekeza i-enamel emaphethelweni amaphaneli, kanye nokunganakwa komhlangano oboshiwe kanye nophahla. Ukuhlola yikho okwenza iminyaka engamashumi amathathu iqinisekiseke esikhundleni sokuthenjiswa nje.
Isikhathi sokusebenza yisona sibuzo esiguqula ukuthengwa kwethangi kube yisinqumo sempahla, futhi ngokuvamile siphendulwa ngenombolo eyodwa okungekho mthengi noma umhlinzeki oyihlolile. Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu iyisikhathi sokuphila esiklanyelwe igobolondo le-enamel ehlanganisiwe, kodwa le nombolo inemibandela: incike ekhemistri, incike ekutheni umhlangano ugcinwa uqinile, futhi incike ekutheni uhlelo lokuhlola luyalandelwa. Unjiniyela oveza imibandela kanye naleyo nombolo uthola impahla engcono kunalowo ocaphuna inombolo eyindilinga. Into ethakazelisayo ukuthi kuncane kakhulu kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu okuchithwa ekuphikisaneni nge-enamel — kuchithwa ku-torque yomhlangano, i-freeboard nophahla.
Yini Ebeka Isikhathi Sokuphila Komklamo
I-enamel ayigugi, kodwa i-envelope yomsebenzi iyona egugayo. Emathangini ensimbi ane-glass lining, ungqimba lwe-vitreous lushiswa phezu kwephaneli lensimbi ku-820–930 °C futhi lunobukhulu obungu-0.25–0.45 mm, futhi lukalwa ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm² ekugobeni nasekucindezelweni. Ngenxa yokuthi ingilazi nensimbi kuyinto eyodwa, akukho ngqimba lwe-adhesive olungaqeda amandla, futhi i-enamel ngokwayo ayikhathali noma iguquke ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ayisebenzi nge-pH 1–14, ngakho imifudlana ejwayelekile ene-asidi ne-alkaline ayiyilimazi. Okunciphisa impilo yayo ukusebenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwaleyo envelope — umfudlana one-pH noma izinga lokushisa elingazange licatshangelwe ekwakhiweni — ngoba yilapho kuqala khona ukuhlaselwa kwendawo ethile futhi kwakheke izimbobo ezincane.
Ukuqedwa kwendawo kuwukwelulwa kwempilo, hhayi into yokuhlobisa. Ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra udonga olumanzi lunikeza indawo encane yokwakheka kwe-biofilm, isikali kanye ne-sediment, ngakho ithangi alilahlekelwa umthamo osebenzayo ngenxa yongqimba olukhulayo lwediphozithi njengoba kwenza udonga olumahhadlahhadla, futhi akudingi ukuhlanza ngamakhemikhali anamandla okungalimaza ifilimu. Ohlangothini lwenqubo leyo mpawu efanayo iyisizathu sokuthi kungani ubufakazi be-FDA ne-LFGB butholakala kuphaneli; ohlangothini lwempahla kumane kuyisizathu sokuthi kungani ithangi lihlala litholakala.
Izinto Ezintathu Empeleni Eziqeda Ithangi Ngaphambi Kwesikhathi
Umthelela, ukuphuma kwe-envelope nokunganakwa kwamajoyinti, ngokulandelana kwemvamisa. Imiphetho yamaphaneli iyindawo esengozini: i-enamel iyasikwa futhi ibhobozwe efektri, futhi ukushaywa yithuluzi lokuphakamisa, inqola yokulungisa noma ithuluzi eliwile kuqhekeza ungqimba lubuyele ensimbi. Lokho kuyinto yokucaciswa nokuphathwa kunokuba kube ukwehluleka okungenakugwemeka, futhi yingakho imiphetho iqedwa efektri, imikhawulo yezimbobo isethwa kumdwebo wokwakha futhi ukunqunywa kwesizeni akukho emkhakheni. Ukuphuma kwe-envelope kungokwesibili: i-pH noma izinga lokushisa ngaphandle kwebanga okuvunyelwene ngalo kuhlasela ingilazi endaweni futhi kukhiqize izimbobo ezincane, yingakho i-envelope ingeyencwadi yokusebenza nerekhodi lokuhlola. Ukunganakwa kwamajoyinti kungokwesithathu: igobolondo eliboshwe ngamabhawodi lihlanganiswa ngamabhawodi ezinga lika-8.8 kanye ne-EPDM gasket ngetorque erekhodiwe; uma i-torque ingaphinde ihlolwe, ama-gasket ayaqina futhi ijoyinti liyavuza, futhi uma i-ring beam ihlala ngokungalingani ijoyinti eliboshwe lingena ekugobeni.
Ukuthi Uhlolo Luyini
Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu iyisithembiso ngaphandle uma othile esihlola. Inqubo imfushane futhi icacile: ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi okubonakalayo kwendawo ye-enamel ngesikhathi sokumiswa kwenqubo ngayinye, kuthathwe izithombe zemiphetho yephaneli nemigqa ye-gasket; ukuhlolwa kwe-torque yebhawodi ngemuva kokugcwaliswa kokuqala futhi futhi ngemuva konyaka wokuqala, bese kuba njalo ngesikhathi sokumiswa okukhulu; ukuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke kokuqedwa kwangaphandle kanye nokudonswa kwamanzi kwe-annulus; kanye nokuhlolwa kabusha kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC kunoma iyiphi iphaneli ekhishwe ukuze ilungiswe ngaphambi kokuba iphinde ifakwe. Leyo nto yokugcina iyona egcina irekhodi lefekthri linengqondo emashumini amathathu eminyaka kamuva. Uphahla kanye ne-vent yalo kusesimweni esifanayo, njengoba i-vent evaliwe noma i-roof seal ehlulekile iletha amanzi futhi ishintsha isimo se-headspace ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uphawu olubonakalayo ngaphakathi kwithangi.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esimisiwe somsebenzi |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa i-enamel | 820–930 °C | ingilazi ixutshwe nensimbi ekushiseni okukodwa |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-Enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | kulinganiswa ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm² |
Ukutholwa kwe-Holiday | ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC | iphaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | Ra < 0.8 µm | nciphisa ukukhula kwediphozithi, kube lula ukuhlanza |
Ukumelana ne-pH | 1–14 | indawo yekhemistri evikela ukuphila |
Izibophelelo | amabhawodi e-8.8-grade, i-EPDM gasket | i-torque irekhodiwe, ihlolwe kabusha ngemva konyaka wokuqala |
Indawo yokusebenza | ngokucaciswa kwephrojekthi | kusetha i-gasket, indawo yokukhipha umoya kanye nokucatshangelwa kwempilo |
Ukwandisa Impilo Lapho Umsebenzi Ushintsha
Ukushintsha umkhiqizo wushintsho lwencazelo, hhayi inothi lokulungisa. Uma uketshezi luba nolaka kakhulu, lushisa kakhulu noma lune-chloride eningi kunokuhlaziywa kwasekuqaleni, luqhathanise ne-envelope erekhodiwe ngaphambi kokuba lungene ethangini; lapho lungaphandle kwalokho, ikhambi ngokuvamile ukushintsha impahla yegobolondo ekushintsheni okulandelayo esikhundleni sokulungisa. Lapho ithangi ngokwalo liqinile, umjikelezo wokufaka kabusha ekupheleni kwempilo yalo ngokuvamile ushibhile kunomkhumbi omusha, futhi egobolondweni eliboshiwe amaphaneli afakwe kabusha ngezinye izikhathi angaphinda asetshenziswe. Lapho ukwengeza umthamo kuyilokho okudingeka ngempela, uhlelo oluboshiwe luvumela izifundo ezengeziwe noma ithangi elihambisanayo, futhi i-ring beam yasekuqaleni ngokuvamile ingathwala igobolondo lesibili; ithangi lasekuqaleni lingaphinda lihlakazwe futhi limiswe kabusha kwenye indawo, okuyinto ithangi likakhonkolo noma elishiselwe lingenakukwenza, futhi lelo qiniso elilodwa landisa impahla ngempumelelo ngale kwendawo yayo yasekuqaleni.
Icala Leprojekthi
Iprojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi elinobubanzi obukhulu | Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi aphuzwayo | Indonesia | Ithangi le-GFS | 21,099 m³ (φ42.04 m × 15.2 m) | ukuhlinzeka + ukusekelwa kokusebenza |
Uchungechunge lokugcina indle | Zhejiang, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 11,613 m³ (φ24.45 m × 19.8 m) | ukuhlinzeka + usizo lokwakha |
uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini | Xinjiang, China | ithangi le-GFS | 30,469 m³ emathangini angama-27 | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ane-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ukuze kube nempilo yesevisi ende, amandla okusebenza afakwa njengengxenye ye-enamel ebhalwe ngokwephrojekthi, amarekhodi okuhlolwa kwe-spark ezingeni lamaphaneli agcinelwa ifayela lempahla, uhlelo lwe-torque nokuhlola olubhalwe encwadini yokusebenza, kanye namazinga okuphatha amaphaneli nokuvikela emaphethelweni enza isibalo seminyaka engamashumi amathathu siqinisekiswe kunokuba sibe ukukhangisa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu iyingqiniso?
Impendulo 1: Yebo, ngaphakathi komsebenzi ocacisiwe. I-enamel ayigugi ngendlela i-organic lining eguga ngayo; impilo ilawulwa ukuthi umfudlana uhlala ngaphakathi kwe-pH kanye nezinga lokushisa kanye nokuthi ingxenye kanye nophahla kuyahlolwa yini.
Umbuzo 2: Yini efinyeza impilo kakhulu?
A2: Umthelela wemishini emaphethelweni ephaneli, bese kusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwendawo ebekiwe. Kokubili kuyalawuleka: amaphethelo aqedwa efektri futhi ukusikwa endaweni akukho emkhakheni, futhi indawo ebekiwe ibhalwe encwadini yokusebenza futhi ihlolwe ekuhlolweni ngakunye.
Q3: Ingabe umgodi omncane uyawuqeda umthamo?
A3: Cha. Uma utholakala usetshenziswa, umgodi omncane uyisilungiso sendawo eqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa kwe-spark ngaphambi kokuba iphaneli iphinde ifakwe. Uma utholakala efektri ngokuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC, awusoze ube yinkinga yendawo nhlobo.
Q4: Ingabe i-torque kufanele ihlolwe kabusha ngemva konyaka wokuqala?
A4: Yebo. Ama-gasket ayaxega futhi amabhawodi azinza onyakeni wokuqala wokusebenza, ngakho ukuhlolwa kabusha ngemva kokugcwaliswa kokuqala futhi futhi ngemva konyaka wokuqala kuyinto eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlola ohlelweni lweminyaka engamashumi amathathu.
Umbuzo 5: Ingabe ithangi lingafakwa kabusha ngaphakathi esikhundleni sokushintshwa?
Impendulo 5: Yebo, lapho ugobolondo luqinile, futhi kugobolondo eliboshiwe amaphaneli afakwe kabusha ngokuvamile angaphinda asetshenziswe. Lapho umsebenzi usushintshile ngaphezu kwendawo yokusebenza, ngokuvamile kungcono ukuqhathanisa ukufakwa kabusha negobolondo elisha elinezinto ezifanele.
Umbuzo 6: Ingabe ithangi lingasuswa ukuze kwandiswe impilo yalo?
Impendulo 6: Yebo. Ugobolondo oluboshiwe lungahlakazwa futhi lwakhiwe kabusha kwenye indawo, okuyinto ithangi likakhonkolo noma elishiselwe ekhaya elingakwazi ukuyenza. Leyo ndlela, kanye nokwengeza izigaba noma ithangi elihambisanayo, yingakho amathangi aboshiwe efanele izimpahla ezihlelwe emashumini eminyaka.
Umbuzo 7: Ingabe ukunakekelwa kophahla nendawo yokukhipha umoya kuthinta impilo koqweqwe?
Impendulo 7: Yebo. Indawo yokukhipha umoya evaliwe noma isivalo sophahla esingasebenzi kahle kushintsha isimo sendawo yekhanda futhi kuvumela amanzi ukuba angene endaweni ephakathi, futhi kokubili kufaka isandla ezinkingeni kugobolondo ebezingeke zenzeke.
Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu iwukuphila kwedizayini okunemibandela ehambisana nakho: uketshezi olungaphakathi kwe-pH nezinga lokushisa okushiwo, imiphetho yephaneli evikelwe ekushayweni, i-torque yebhawudi eqinisekisiwe ngemuva kokugcwaliswa kokuqala futhi futhi ngemuva konyaka wokuqala, kanye nophahla, i-vent ne-annulus okuhlolwa ngesikhathi esimisiwe. I-enamel ngokwayo iyingxenye eqinile yohlelo — ihlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C, 0.25–0.45 mm ubukhulu, ilinganiswe ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm² futhi ihlolwe nge-spark ngephaneli ngayinye — kuyilapho umhlangano, isisekelo kanye ne-operating envelope kunquma ukuthi leyo mpilo iphela nini ngempela. Shono i-envelope, gcina irekhodi lokuhlola, futhi impilo ye-asethi iba yinombolo elawulwayo kunokuba kube yisilinganiso. Thumela uketshezi, i-pH yalo nezinga lokushisa, umjikelezo womsebenzi kanye nokufinyelela kokuhlola okuhlosiwe, futhi ukulindelwa kwempilo kungashiwo nemibandela ehambisana nakho.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela uketshezi kanye nebanga lalo le-pH kanye nezinga lokushisa, umjikelezo wokusebenza kanye nanoma yiziphi izinguquko zenqubo ezilindelekile, isikhathi sokuphila esidingekayo somklamo, ububanzi nokuphakama kwethangi, izimo zomhlabathi wendawo kanye nesimo sezulu, kanye nokufinyelela kokuhlola kanye nephethini yokuvalwa. Ithimba lobunjiniyela lizobuyisela i-envelope enezicatshango zokuphila ezishiwo, incazelo yephaneli kanye nejoyinti namavelu okuhlola asekelayo, uhlelo lokuhlola olunezikhathi ezithile, ukuqhathanisa kokulungiswa kabusha noma kokunwetshwa ekupheleni kokuphila, kanye nesethi yemibhalo okufanele igcinwe ekunikezelweni.
WhatsApp