Ingakanani ithangi lensimbi eliboshwe ngamabhawudi elingakhiwa
Kwadalwa ngo 09.08
Ithangi Lamanzi Lensimbi Eboshiwe Lingakhiwa Libe Likhulu Kangakanani
Ithangi lamanzi lensimbi eliboshwe ngamabhawudi linikezwa njengeyunithi eyodwa kuze kufike ku-60,000 m³, futhi ngale kwalokho izizinda hhayi ifekthri ezibeka umkhawulo. Umkhawulo ongokoqobo ukuthuthwa kwamaphaneli ayisicaba ngomzila wokungena, umshini wokuphakamisa okhona wokubopha ngamabhawudi, i-ring beam ethwala umthwalo ogcwalisiwe, kanye nekhono lesizinda lokwakha ngokwezigaba. Ububanzi ngokuyinhloko umbuzo wokuthumela kanye ne-ring beam; ukuphakama umbuzo wokujiya kwepuleti nokuzinza. Dizayina imikhawulo yesizinda kuqala bese umthamo uyalandela.
Umbuzo othi "ingakhiwa ibe nkulu kangakanani" uphendulwa ngenombolo yomthamo, futhi le nombolo iyiqiniso kodwa akuyona impendulo ewusizo. Impendulo ewusizo iqoqo lemikhawulo emine — ezokuthutha, ukusebenza kwekhreni, isisekelo kanye nendlela yokumisa — ngoba igobolondo elakhiwe ngamaphaneli lingalethwa ngezingcezu kunoma yisiphi isiza futhi lihlanganiswe lapho, futhi umugqa wefektri akuvamisile ukuba yisithiyo. Onjiniyela abahlela isitoreji esikhulu ngokuvamile bathola umkhawulo sekwephuzile, lapho ububanzi bomgwaqo noma indawo yekhreni yokuphakamisa, hhayi amandla omhlinzeki, kunquma ububanzi. Ukubhala le mikhawulo emine esicelweni kuguqula impendulo isuke esibalweni iye ekwakhiweni.
Yini Empeleni Ebeka Umkhawulo
Umthamo wokukhiqiza, ezokuthutha, isisekelo kanye nokumiswa yizona zine zindlela ezinkulu. Ekukhiqizeni, cishe amapuleti angama-300,000 afakwe i-enamel ngonyaka kulo lonke isizinda sokukhiqiza, kanti amathangi angawodwa anikezwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³, lokhu kuchaza okungakhishwa njengeyunithi eyodwa. Ezokuthutha zibeka inombolo ephansi kumaphrojekthi amaningi: amaphaneli ayisicaba futhi ayakwazi ukunqwabelana, ngakho ithangi elikhulu lingahlukaniswa libe yimilayini eminingi yamaloli, kodwa umzila — ububanzi bezibhuloho, ama-radius amajika, ukuphakama okungaphezulu, imikhawulo yemigudu — unquma ububanzi obukhulu bephaneli obungahamba, futhi imojuli yephaneli icishe ibe ngu-1.2 m. Isisekelo sinquma ukuthi umthwalo ogcwalisiwe ungathwaleka yini: indunduma yekhonkolo eyindilinga emhlabathini oqinile enomkhawulo wokuhlukana kokuhlala okubaluliwe emdwebeni. Ukumiswa kunquma uhlelo: ukubopha ngamabhawudi ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kukhawulwa ukutholakala kwekhreni nangokuthi mangaki amakhozi angahlanganiswa ngeshifti ngayinye.
Lapho ezokuthutha kuyisithiyo esiyinhloko, impendulo ayiyona ithangi elincane kodwa uhlelo lokulethwa oluhlukile. Ithangi elinobubanzi obukhulu elinamaphaneli alo angeke adlule emzileni ngokuphelele lingalethwa ngezingxenye, limiswe endaweni bese livalwa emgqeni wokuhlangana oqondile, noma lakhiwe endaweni ngokwayo ngezigobagobo ezimbili ezixhunywe ngesixhumanisi. Umndeni ofanayo wamaphaneli uvumela futhi amathangi amabili amancane asebenzisa umgudu owabiwe, okuthi ngenxa yezizathu eziningi zenqubo kube yimpendulo engcono kunazo zonke. Okungasoze kwasebenza ukucabanga ukuthi ithangi lizofika njengegobagobo elilodwa ngokusebenzisa isango elingamamitha angu-3; ukulethwa ngamaphaneli ayisicaba yisona sizathu sonke esenza izigobagobo eziboshiwe zifinyelele ezindaweni lapho ithangi elishisetshiwe lingeke lifinyelele khona.
Ububanzi Nokuphakama Kunemikhawulo Ehlukene
I-diameter iyinkinga yokuthunyelwa kanye ne-ring beam; ukuphakama kuyinkinga ye-plate kanye nokuzinza. Kuma-diameter amakhulu, umthwalo woketshezi ku-ring beam ukhula nge-radius, ngakho isisekelo kanye ne-anchorage kufanele ziklanyelwe i-diameter yangempela hhayi umthamo. Ukuphakama kwandisa i-hydrostatic head ku-course engezansi, okusingathwa ngokunyusa ukujiya kwe-plate kuye phansi, ngokuvamile 3–12 mm ngokwedizayini; i-shell ende futhi inendawo yokugxila ephakeme kanye nomthwalo womoya omkhulu endaweni evezile, ngakho i-ring kanye ne-anchorage ziklanyelwe ngokumelene nesimo somoya kanye nesimo sokugcwalisa. Umphumela ongokoqobo ukuthi ithangi elikhulu kakhulu ngokuvamile libanzi kunokuba lide, ngoba i-shell ebanzi isabalalisa umthwalo ku-ring beam okwakha kwayo kushibhile kunokwakha isisekelo esijulile.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Umthamo weyunithi eyodwa ohlinzekwayo | kufika ku-60,000 m³ | kusuka emgqeni wokukhiqiza |
Imoduli yephaneli | cishe u-1.2 m ububanzi | ibeka iyunithi yokuthumela |
Ukujiya kwepuleti ngokwakhiwa | 3–12 mm | inyuka ibheke phansi |
Izibopho | amabhawodi e-8.8-grade, i-EPDM gasket | kuboshwe ngamabhawodi, kuyaphinda kusetshenziswe, irekhodiwe i-torque |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika koqweqwe lwe-Enamel | 820–930 °C | ubuso bephaneli ye-enamel encibilikisiwe |
Ukujiya kongqimba lwe-Enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | kulinganiswe ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm² |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | komsebenzi ocacisiwe |
Isisekelo | i-ring beam kakhonkolo ene-ankhoreji | umkhawulo wokuhlala phansi obhalwe emdwebeni |
Ukwandisa Umthamo Ngaphandle Kokwakha Kabusha
Ukufaka ithangi noma isigaba esengeziwe ngokuvamile kushibhile kunokukhulisa elikhulu. Amaphaneli aboshelwa ngamabhawudi, ngakho iqokwe lesibili lingahlanganiswa nekhanda elifanayo, noma izigaba ezengeziwe zengezwe eqokweni elikhona lapho ugongolo lwamasongo kanye nekhawunti yomoya kusabambelela khona. Lokhu kubalulekile emisebenzini yamanzi enesidingo esikhulayo kanye nohlelo lwemali olungaguquki: faka ithangi elilodwa, ulisebenzise, bese wengeza elilandelayo lapho imvume noma isabelomali sifika. Kubalulekile futhi engcupheni yokwakha — amathangi amancane amaningi angakhiwa futhi aqale ukusebenza elinye ngemva kwelinye ngesikhathi sokuvalwa komsebenzi, okusabalalisa ingcuphe yokwakha umkhumbi owodwa omkhulu kakhulu ongayigxilisa. Okushintshaniswayo indawo yaphansi kanye nemigqa yamapayipi, okuthi endaweni encane kube yikho okuyizindleko zangempela.
Ukuhlela Ukulethwa Nokulandelana Kokumiswa
Ithangi elikhulu liwumsebenzi wokuhlela ukuhamba kwezinto kunokuba kube umsebenzi wokwakha nje. Qinisekisa umzila nobubanzi bephaneli ngaphambi kokuvala ububanzi; qinisekisa umshini wokuphakamisa nendawo yokuthatha isisindo ngokuhambisana nesisindo sephaneli nokuphakama kombuthano; qinisekisa ukuthi i-ring beam ithululiwe, yelashwe futhi iqinisekiswe ukuthi ayizinzile ngaphambi kombuthano wokuqala; futhi hlela ukuqiniswa kwezibhawodi ukuze imibuthano ivaleke futhi uphahla lufakwe ngaphakathi kwesikhathi sokulunga kwesimo sezulu. Amaphaneli athunyelwa eyisicaba ngesivikelo somphetho futhi agcinwa kude nomhlabathi, ngakho indawo yokugcina esizeni idinga ukuhlelwa ngokuhambisana nokulethwa kwesigaba esifanayo. Iqembu lokumisa lisebenza ngokwedrowing yokuhlanganisa kanti irekhodi le-torque liwumphumela ohloliwe, futhi ukuhlolwa kokugcina — ukubuka kwangaphakathi, i-torque, ukuqedwa kwangaphandle, ukudonsa kwamanzi emgodini — kuvala ithangi ngaphambi kokugcwaliswa kokuqala.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi elinobubanzi obukhulu | Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi aphuzwayo | Indonesia | Ithangi le-GFS | 21,099 m³ (φ42.04 m × 15.2 m) | ukuhlinzeka + ukusekelwa kokusebenza |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi aphuzwayo | Malaysia | Ithangi le-GFS | 20,380 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi omlilo | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 8,930 m³ (φ19.87 m × 14.4 m × 2) | ukuhlinzeka + usizo lokwakha |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) e-China, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ekugcinweni kwamanzi amaningi, amandla avela njengokulethwa kwamaphaneli ayisicaba okuhlelwe ngomzila wendawo kanye ne-cranage, ukujiya kwepuleti kanye nomklamo we-ring beam wobubanzi bangempela kanye nesimo sokugcwalisa, ukulethwa ngezigaba okuhambisana nokugcinwa kwendawo, kanye nokuqinisa ngamabhawodi okugadiwe kwaze kwafinyelela irekhodi le-torque.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yini umthamo omkhulu wetanki elilodwa?
Impendulo 1: Amatanki angawodwa anikezwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Umkhawulo ongokoqobo kuphrojekthi ethile ngokuvamile umzila wokungena endaweni kanye ne-cranage, hhayi umugqa wokukhiqiza, ngakho ucwaningo lwezokuthutha kufanele lwenziwe ngaphambi kokukhethwa kobubanzi.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe itanki elibanzi noma itanki elide lingcono?
A2: Ububanzi, bomsebenzi omkhulu. Ububanzi obukhulu busabalalisa umthwalo phezu kwe-ring beam eshibhile kunesisekelo esijulile, kanti ukuphakama kukhulisa kakhulu ukujiya kweplate yebanga eliphansi kanye nomthwalo womoya.
Q3: Ama-panel afinyelela kanjani endaweni ekude?
A3: Ayathunyelwa ecaba futhi ayabekwa, ngakho ithangi elikhulu lihamba njengezimoto eziningi zokuthwala kunomthwalo owodwa omkhulu. Lapho umzila ungakwazi ukudlula iphaneli elinobubanzi obugcwele, ithangi lingalethwa ngezingxenye futhi livalwe emgqeni wokuhlangana oqondile endaweni.
Q4: Ngingakhulisa umthamo kamuva?
A4: Yebo. Izifundo ezengeziwe ku-shell ekhona noma ithangi lesibili elihambisana nalo ku-header efanayo, kanti i-ring beam iqinisekiswa umthwalo owengeziwe. Amathangi amaningi amancane nawo asabalalisa ingozi yokwakha ezikhathini zokuvalwa.
Q5: Yini okufanele isisekelo siyifakazele?
A5: Ukuthi ithwala umthwalo ogcwalisiwe kanye nokuhlala okwehlukile okushiwo kumdwebo wokuhlanganisa, ngoba ukuhlala okungalingani yisona sizathu esivame kakhulu sokuthi ukuhlangana okuboshiwe kugobe futhi kuvuze.
Q6: Ingabe kukhona umkhawulo wokuphakama?
A6: Akukho owunqunyiwe. Ukuphakama kuqondisa ukujiya kwepuleti ngasezansi, ngokuvamile 3–12 mm ngokwakhiwa, kanye nomthwalo womoya ogobhozelayo; iringi kanye nokubopha kwakhiwe ngokumelene nakho kokubili ukugcwalisa kanye nesimo somoya.
Q7: Yini elawula uhlelo lokumiswa?
A7: Umzila kanye nobubanzi bephaneli, i-cranage kanye ne-pick radius, ukuphulukiswa kwe-ring beam ngaphambi kwesigaba sokuqala, kanye newindi lesimo sezulu sokuvala izigaba kanye nokufaka uphahla. Hlela izigaba zokulethwa ngokuya ngalezo, hhayi ngokuya ngomkhiqizo wefektri.
Umthamo wethangi lamanzi lensimbi eliboshwe ngezibophezelo unqunywa yizinto zokuthutha ngaphambi kokuba unqunywe yizinto zokukhiqiza: kufika ku-60,000 m³ njengeyunithi eyodwa, kanti ububanzi bunqunywa umzila wokuthutha kanye ne-ring beam, kanti ubude bunqunywa ukujiya kwamapuleti nokuzinza komoya. Ngenxa yokuthi amaphaneli athunyelwa ecaba futhi aboshwa ndawonye, indawo enomgwaqo omncane wokungena isengakwazi ukwamukela ithangi elikhulu, futhi indlela evamile yokukhulisa iwukwengeza isigaba esengeziwe noma igobolondo elihambisanayo esikhundleni sokwakha kabusha. Hlola umzila, qinisekisa i-cranage futhi dweba i-ring beam yobubanzi bangempela, futhi umbuzo womthamo uba yimpendulo elula yobunjiniyela. Thumela ivolumu edingekayo, ukufinyelela kwendawo kanye nesiza, futhi ububanzi, ubude kanye nohlelo lokulethwa kuyalandela.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela ivolumu yesitoreji edingekayo kanye nenani eliphakeme lokuklama, umzila wokungena esizeni onobubanzi nemikhawulo yomthwalo, ubukhulu besiza nanoma yimuphi umkhawulo wokuphakama, izimo zomhlabathi kanye nezinga lamanzi angaphansi, i-cranage etholakalayo, kanye nosuku lokugunyazwa. Ithimba lobunjiniyela lizobuyisela ububanzi nokuphakama okuneprofayili yobukhulu bamapuleti, umthwalo we-ring beam kanye nesidingo sokuhlala phansi, uhlelo lokulethwa nokwakhiwa ngezigaba, uhlu lwamabhawodi nama-gasket, kanye nohlu lwerekhodi lokuhlolwa kwasefektri. Lapho amathangi amabili ahambisanayo engena kahle esizeni kunegobolondo elilodwa elikhulu, leyo ndlela ishiwo kanye nesizathu sayo.
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