Itholakala Kanjani Ivu Phakathi Kwezindonga: Ubufakazi Bokuhlolwa Kwe-Interspace Ne-Spark
Kwadalwa ngo 09.08
Itholakala Kanjani Ukuvuza Phakathi Kwezindonga: Ubufakazi Be-Interspace Ne-Spark Test
Ukungena kwamanzi phakathi kwezindonga zethangi elinodonga olukabili kutholwa ngokuqapha isikhala esiphakathi, hhayi ngokuthemba ukuthi sihlala somile: faka inzwa yezinga noma yomhwamuko esikhaleni esiphakathi, setha i-alamu kanye nokumisa engxenyeni encane yobubanzi besikhala esiphakathi, futhi uhlole isikhala esiphakathi ngesikhathi sokuqala ukusebenza ukuze ukufundwa okomile kusho ukuthi kuqashwe hhayi ukuthi akuhlolwanga. Kuqweqwe olunodonga olulodwa isigameko esifanayo sitholwa ngokwehla kwempahla okungeke kuchazwe ukulingana kokugeleza, okusekelwa ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi ye-1500 V DC yamaphaneli e-enamel kanye nohlolo lwamaholide kwanoma yiluphi ubuso obumboziwe. Ukutholwa kuyisinqumo sokuklama ukuqapha esithathwa ngaphambi kokuba ithangi li-odwe.
Ithangi lokugcina elinodonga olukabili likhona ukuze ukuvuza kubanjwe ngaphambi kokuba umkhiqizo ufike emhlabathini. Lokho kusebenza kuphela uma isikhala esiphakathi kwezindonga siqashwe ngempela: inzwa, i-alamu kanye nomuntu owaziyo ukuthi ukufundwa kusho ukuthini. Izakhiwo eziningi ezinodonga olukabili ziyahluleka kuleyo ngxenye yokugcina — i-annulus yoma ngosuku lokuhlola futhi wonke umuntu uphetha ngokuthi ithangi linempilo, kanti eqinisweni uhlelo lokuqapha aluzange lusetshenziswe noma i-alamu ayizange ixhunywe. Ngakho-ke umbuzo wobunjiniyela awuwona "inzwa izwela kangakanani" kodwa "yini efakazela ukuthi indlela yokuthola iyasebenza". Phendula lokho ekwakhiweni bese konke okunye kuyalandela, ngoba umbuzo wangempela wokuthi ukuvuza phakathi kwezindonga kutholakala kanjani uphendulwa ngumklamo wokuqapha hhayi ngezinga lenzwa.
Indlela Yokutholwa Inezigaba Ezintathu
Ukuqashwa, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kanye nokuqinisekiswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ekugashweni isikhala esiphakathi siyahlolwa ngobufakazi futhi isimo saso esomile siyarekhodwa, ukuze ukufundwa kwamanzi kamuva kube nokwenza okunengqondo esikhundleni sokungacaci. Ekusetshenzisweni isikhala esiphakathi siqashwa ngezinga, nge-conductivity, noma nge-vapour sensor lapho umkhiqizo uvolatile; i-alamu isethwa ngaphansi kakhulu kobubanzi besikhala esiphakathi ukuze kube nesikhathi sokuphendula, futhi i-trip ivala indawo yokungena. Ngezikhathi ezithile indlela yonke iyaqinisekiswa: i-sensor iyahlolwa ngesignali eyaziwayo, indlela ye-alamu iyahlolwa, i-drain ne-sump kuyakhishwa, futhi irekhodi liyagcinwa. Ukweqa izigaba zokuqala nesesithathu yikho okuguqula ithangi elinodonga olukabili libe ithangi elinodonga olulodwa elinodonga lwesibili.
Kuqweqwe lwangaphakathi olunodonga olulodwa isigameko esifanayo sibonakala njengokulahleka kwempahla okungachazeki. Ibhalansi yokugeleza — okwamukelwe kususa okupompiwe kususa okukhishiwe — kushiya isibalo esingabalwa yimitha, futhi leso sibalo yisona siginali. Ukuhlola okungokoqobo ukuhlolwa kokwehla kwezinga ngesikhathi ithangi livaliwe: vala indawo yokungena nendawo yokuphuma, qopha izinga ngokumelene negeji eyaziwayo esikhathini esithile, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi lizinzile ngaphakathi kokubekezelela kwethuluzi. Kuqweqwe oluboshiwe, umgogodla ovuzayo ubonakala njengomkhondo omanzi ehla ngepaneli noma ibala elisha emgqeni wegasketi, futhi kuqweqwe lwe-enamel umgodi omncane ubonakala njengokuvuza kwendawo kunokuba kube ibhamuza elisakazekayo ngoba i-enamel ihlanganisiwe kunokuba inanyathiselwe.
Ukuhlolwa Kwasembonini Sekuvele Kunciphisa Ingxenye Yengozi
Ukuhlolwa kwezinga lephaneli kuqeda isigaba esikhulu kunazo zonke sokuvuza ngaphambi kokumiswa. Iphaneli ngayinye ye-enamel ihlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, okuthola i-holiday ebingaba umgodi wokuvuza emsebenzini; ukujiya kurekhodwa ngephaneli ngayinye; futhi umhlangano uvalwa ngamabhawodi e-8.8-grade kanye ne-EPDM gasket nge-torque ebekiwe, kurekhodwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa. Ngakho-ke ukuvuza ngesikhathi sokuqala ukusebenza kukhombisa umhlangano, isisekelo noma i-nozzle hhayi i-enamel — futhi umhlangano uyingxenye ehlolwa kalula kunazo zonke ekuhlanganisweni. Yingakho irekhodi le-torque, hhayi ukuhlolwa ngamehlo, liyidokhumenti ebalulekile lapho ukuvuza kuvela ekugcwaliseni kokuqala.
Ukucaciswa Kwezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Ukutholwa kwe-enamel holiday | Ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC | iphaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ubukhulu besendlalelo se-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | kukalwa ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm² |
Ukuhlangana | Amabhawodi e-8.8-grade, i-EPDM gasket | i-torque eqoshwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa |
iphoyinti lokusetha i-alamu ye-interspace | ingxenye yobubanzi be-interspace | inikeza isikhathi sokuphendula ngaphambi kokugcwalisa |
Ukuhlolwa kokwehla kwezinga | ithangi elihlukanisiwe, isikhathi esichaziwe | iqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukulahlekelwa kwempahla okungachazwanga |
Ukuhlolwa kwegobolondo elihlanganisiwe | ukutholwa kwe-holiday kufilimu | ye-epoxy ku-AWWA C550 ku-180–280 µm |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | nohlelo lokuhlola olucacisiwe |
Isikhathi sokuhlola | ukubona ngeso ngesikhathi sokucishwa ngakunye, i-torque ngemuva konyaka wokuqala | kubhalwe phansi encwadini yokusebenza |
Ukwakha Isikhala Esiphakathi Ukuze Sikwazi Ukuqashwa
I-annulus kufanele ifinyeleleke, ikwazi ukukhipha amanzi futhi ifakwe izinto zokuhlola. Nikeza idreyini noma i-sump endaweni ephansi enomzila ocacile oya emkhathini, ukuze isikhala sikwazi ukukhishwa ukuze sihlolwe nokuthi uketshezi olunqwabelana ekhoneni eliphansi lutholakale kunokuba luhlale lapho. Nikeza i-interspace isibonisi somhwamuko lapho umkhiqizo ogciniwe unomhwamuko, kanye ne-liquid level noma i-conductivity probe lapho ungenawo; faka izimpompi kanye nezikhala ezindongeni zangaphakathi lapho zingahlukaniswa futhi zihlolwe; futhi gcina i-annulus ingenazo izinto ezibamba amanzi odongeni lwangaphandle. Lapho igobolondo langaphakathi liyithangi le-enamel eliboshiwe elise-ring beam, isikhala esingaphansi kwephansi nasezindaweni ezizungeze i-ring beam siyingxenye yombuzo ofanayo futhi sidinga ukukhipha amanzi, ngoba amanzi abambekile lapho angumthombo wokugqwala ngisho noma uhlangothi lomkhiqizo lomile.
Lokho Umsebenzisi Akuhlolayo Futhi Akubhalayo
Uhlelo olufushane, olungaguquki lushintsha ukutholwa kube ubufakazi. Ekugcwaliseni ngakunye qinisekisa ukufundwa kwesikhala phakathi ngokuqhathanisa nerekhodi lokuthunywa; ekumisweni ngakunye hlola ingaphakathi legobolondo ngesibani, uhlole ikakhulukazi imigqa yamagaskethi, imiphetho yamaphaneli kanye nokungena kwama-nozzle; hlola irekhodi le-torque kanye namakhanda amabhawudi onyakeni wokuqala futhi futhi ekumisweni ngakunye okukhulu; hlola noma iyiphi indawo yegobolondo elinameko ngesitholi se-holiday ngesikhathi esibekwe yisicaciso; futhi gcina irekhodi lokukhipha amanzi nokulungisa elinosuku, indawo kanye nesenzo sokulungisa. Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu iyimpilo yokuklama, futhi lolu hlelo yilona olwenza ukuvuza okutholwe kusenesikhathi kube ukulungiswa kwamahora amabili esikhundleni sokumiswa.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi elinobubanzi obukhulu | Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi aphuzwayo | Indonesia | Ithangi le-GFS | 21,099 m³ (φ42.04 m × 15.2 m) | ukuhlinzeka + ukusekelwa kokusebenza |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi okuqeda umlilo | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 8,930 m³ (φ19.87 m × 14.4 m × 2) | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini | Xinjiang, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 30,469 m³ emathangini angama-27 | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina izinto aboshwe ngezibophezelo. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ukuze kutholakale ukuvuza, amandla afika njengamarekhodi okuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-panel-level 1500 V DC asusa izimbobo ngaphambi kokumiswa, amajoyinti aboshiwe alethwa namarekhodi e-torque, kanye nama-interspace taps, amanzi okuhlanza kanye nezinsimbi zokulinganisa ezihlelwe ukuze indlela yokuqapha ikwazi ukusetshenziswa futhi iqinisekiswe kunokuba kucatshangwe.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q1: Yini iphoyinti lokusetha i-alamu ku-interspace?
A1: Ingxenye encane yobubanzi besikhala, ngakho kunesikhathi esilinganisekayo sokuhlukanisa ithangi nokuphenya ngaphambi kokuba isikhala sigcwale. Inani eliqondile kufanele lisho emgomeni futhi lithetheswe ngesikhathi sokuphendula indawo engakwazi ukufinyelela kuso.
Q2: Ingabe ukufundwa kwesikhala esomile ngesikhathi sokuqala kokuqinisekiswa kuqinisekiswa kanjani?
A2: Ngokuhlola ubufakazi besikhala nokuqopha isimo saso esomile nosuku, ukuze isisekelo sibhalwe phansi. Ngaphandle kwaleso sisekelo ukufundwa kwakamuva ngeke kuqhathaniswe nanoma yini.
Q3: Ingabe ukuvuza kutholakala kanjani kuqweqwe olunodonga olulodwa?
A3: Ngokulinganisa kwempahla. Okungenayo kususa okukhishwayo kususa okupompiwe kushiya inombolo engachazwa yimitha; qinisekisa ngokuhlolwa kokwehla kwezinga elihlukanisiwe esikhathini esichaziwe, bese uhlola imigqa yamagaskethi, imiphetho yamaphaneli kanye nokungena kwama-nozzle.
Q4: Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwephaneli ye-enamel kubamba ingozi yokuvuza?
A4: Yebo kuma-pinholes. Ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC kuwo wonke amaphaneli ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwenzelwe ukuthola lelo phutha, ngakho ukuvuza ekuqaleni kokugcwaliswa ngokuvamile kukhombisa umhlangano noma ukuhla kwesisekelo hhayi i-enamel uqobo.
Q5: Ingabe igobolondo eliboshiwe lingafakwa endaweni enezindonga ezimbili?
A5: Yebo, kodwa imininingwane kufanele yakhiwe kufaka phakathi ukudonsa kwamanzi kwe-ring beam kanye nesikhala esizungeze isisekelo, ngoba amanzi abambekile ngaphansi nasezungeze igobolondo angumthombo wokugqwala ngisho noma uhlangothi lomkhiqizo luphelele.
Q6: Yini ehlolwayo kugobolondo eline-coating?
A6: Ukuhlolwa kokutholakala kwe-holiday kwefilimu, kanye nenani nendawo kubhalwa phansi. Umgomo ofanayo nowokuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-enamel, osetshenziswa ku-epoxy coating ku-180–280 µm ngokwe-AWWA C550.
Q7: Kuvame kangakanani ukuhlolwa kwendlela yokutholwa?
A7: Ngesikhathi sokuqala ukusebenza ngesignali eyaziwayo, bese kuthi esivivinyweni ngasinye esikhulu sokuvalwa kuhlolwe inzwa kanye nendlela yesexwayiso, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umsele wendawo ephakathi uyacaca, futhi kuphinde kuhlolwe irekhodi le-torque; irekhodi lokukhala nokulungisa livala umjikelezo.
Ukutholwa kokuvuza kuwumklamo wokuqapha, hhayi ukucaciswa kwenzwa: isikhala esifinyelelekayo futhi esikwazi ukukhipha amanzi, i-alamu esethiwe kucatshangelwa isikhathi sokuphendula, isisekelo sokuqalisa ukusebenza, kanye nokuqinisekiswa ngezikhathi ezithile kwendlela yonke. Ngasohlangothini lomkhiqizo, ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC kuzo zonke izingqimba ze-enamel kanye nerekhodi le-torque ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa kususa imithombo emibili yokuvuza okungenzeka kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba ithangi ligcwaliswe, futhi ukulahleka kwempahla okungachazwanga kanye nokuhlolwa kokwehla kwezinga okuhlukanisiwe kuthola okunye. Bhala ububanzi bokutholwa ku-oda yethangi futhi udonga olukabili lwenza umsebenzi walo; uma ulushiya ngaphandle udonga lwesibili luwumhlobiso nje. Thumela umkhiqizo, ukuhlelwa kodonga kanye nezidingo zesayithi, futhi umklamo wokutholwa uyalandela.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela umkhiqizo kanye nokuziphatha kwawo ngomhwamuko, ukuhlelwa kodonga olulodwa noma izindonga ezimbili, ububanzi besikhala nokufinyelela, amathuluzi atholakalayo kanye nendlela yokuxwayisa, ububanzi nobude bethangi kanye nohlobo lwesisekelo, kanye nemikhawulo yokukhishwa kwemvelo. Ithimba lobunjiniyela lizobuyisela ububanzi bokutholwa kokuvuza kanye nendlela yokuqapha kanye nephoyinti lokusetha isexwayiso, inqubo yokuhlola yokuqalisa, ukudonsa kwesikhala kanye nokuhlelwa kwempompo, amarekhodi okuhlolwa kwephaneli okufanele alindelwe, kanye nenqubo yokuhlola. Lapho ukuhlelwa kwegobolondo okuhlukile kufaneleka kangcono, leyo nketho iyashiwo eceleni kunokuba ithathe indawo yayo.
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