Uyihlanganisa Kanjani Amathangi Ensimbi Eboshiwe: Ukulinganisa Isihloko Nokwehlukanisa
Kwadalwa ngo 09.08
Uyihlanganisa Kanjani Amathangi Ensimbi Aboshiwe: Ukukala Kwekhanda Nokwehlukanisa
Amathangi ensimbi ahlanganisiwe anezintambo njengohlelo lwekhanda elivamile, ikhanda lilinganiselwe ukuhamba okuphezulu okuhlanganisiwe, ithangi ngalinye lihlukaniswa isethi yalo yamavalvu, kanye nokulinganisa noma ukulawulwa kwezinga ukuze kungabikho ithangi elilodwa elicelwa ukuthi limunce wonke umkhuba. Gcina impahla yamapayipi ihambisana nengaphakathi lethangi kanye noketshezi, gcina ikhanda lingenazo izindonga ezingasebenzi lapho izinto eziqinile zingahlala khona, futhi qinisekisa amarekhodi e-torque nokuhambisana kwe-gasket ngaphambi kokugcwalisa okokuqala. I-manifold iyona eyenza amagobolondo amaningi aboshiwe abe yibhange elilodwa elithembekile lokugcina.
Ibhange lamathangi aboshiwe lisebenza kahle kuze kufike lapho amapayipi kufanele ahlangane khona nawo. Amagobolondo ayafika, amaphaneli ayaboshwa, isisekelo siyaqiniswa, bese umklamo we-manifold uphenduka impikiswano phakathi konjiniyela wenqubo, ofuna ukulingana, nomklami wamapayipi, ofuna ukuhlukaniswa. Bobabili baqinisile, futhi ukubavumelanisa umsebenzi wonke. Uma wenza iphutha izimpawu ziyajwayeleka: ithangi elilodwa lijikeleza kanti amanye ahleli engenzi lutho, iheda elingalokothi lilingane, izinto eziqinile zihlala endaweni efile, noma ukungahambisani kwegasket okubonakala kuphela ngosuku lokuqala lokushisa. Umklamo we-manifold kufanele uqale ngomdwebo wokugeleza noketshezi, hhayi ngobubanzi beheda eselivele likhethiwe.
Okumele Ikwenze Ikhanda
Hlukanisa, linganisa futhi lawula yimisebenzi emithathu ehlukene. Ukuhlukanisa kukunika amandla okukhipha ithangi elilodwa ekusebenzeni ukuze lihlolwe kuyilapho amanye ebamba isitshalo; ukulinganisa kuvumela ibhange ukuthi labelane ngokushintshashintsha kwezinga ukuze isiqongo singaweli ethangini elilodwa; futhi ukulawula kugcina ibhange lingaphakathi kwendawo yalo yokusebenza ngethuluzi lezinga elinikeza amavalvu okugcwalisa nokukhipha. Imanifold eyenza kuphela okokuqala kulokhu izolungiswa phakathi nonyaka. Ukuhlelwa okuvamile iheda elivamile elinesethi yamavalvu endaweni yokuphuma nokungena yethangi ngalinye, indlela yokudlula noma yokuxhuma phakathi kwamathangi aseduze ukuze kulinganiswe, kanye nokulawulwa kwezinga okusabalalisa ukugeleza esikhundleni kokukuthululela ethangini elitholakala liphansi. Le misebenzi emithathu kufanele ibonakale emapayipini naku-isometric, ngoba imanifold edwetshwe njengomugqa owodwa iyimanifold ezoshintshwa esizeni.
Ukuhambisana Koketshezi Kanye Namapayipi Aphephile Ngaphakathi
Akukho lutho endleleni emanzi okufanele kube nobudlova obungaphezu kwangaphakathi kwethangi. Igobolondo eliboshwe ngamabhawudi lingaba ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi, i-epoxy ehlanganiswe ngokushisa ku-AWWA C550, i-hot-dip galvanized ku-GB/T 13912-2020, noma i-304 noma i-316L stainless, futhi amapayipi, ama-valve kanye nama-gasket angaphakathi kwe-manifold kufanele kuhambisane nalowo msebenzi. I-Enamel ibekezelela i-pH 1–14 futhi ibushelelezi ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra; ama-epoxy coatings ku-180–280 µm abhekana nemisebenzi emnene okubhekiselwa kuyo yilesi simiso; i-galvanized ingeyemisebenzi ehlanzekile, engathinti ukudla; kanti i-stainless ingeyasevisi ye-chloride nekhwalithi ephezulu. Uma i-header idlula epulazini lamathangi futhi uketshezi lunobudlova, cacisa izingxenye zangaphakathi ezimanzi ngezinga elifanayo negobolondo esikhundleni sokuthembela esicacisweni samapayipi angaphandle ukuthi sikuhlanganise.
Ukuhlelwa Komzimba: Amathambeka, Imilenze Efile Nokufinyelela
I-manifold engakwazi ukukhishwa amanzi noma ukuhlolwa iyinkinga yokunakekela. Beka i-header nge-slope kanye nendawo yokukhipha amanzi ekugcineni okuphansi ukuze umugqa ukwazi ukukhishwa; gwema imilenze efile lapho umsinga ohamba kancane noma ozinze khona ungaba lukhuni futhi uvimbe igatsha; gcina amasethi e-valve ngaphakathi kokufinyeleleka kwendlela yetanki kunokuba abe phezu kophahla; futhi shiya indawo yokungena ezungeze itanki ngayinye ukuze kuhlolwe i-bolt torque yaminyaka yonke kanye nokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi. Amaphaneli aboshiwe acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi futhi itanki lihlanganiswa ku-ring beam, ngakho-ke ukuphakama kwe-nozzle kanye nezinga le-platform kufanele kumiswe ndawonye kumdwebo wokuhlanganisa, ngoba isethi ye-valve ehlezi emathangeni ngebanga lokuma kwetanki elingu-12 m i-valve okungekho muntu oyinakekelayo.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Inothi |
Ububanzi bephaneli | cishe u-1.2 m | imojuli yokuhlanganisa igobolondo eliboshiwe |
Izinto zokubopha | amabhawodi ezinga le-8.8 | i-torque eqoshwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa |
I-gasket | EPDM, ehambisana noketshezi | isivalo esihlanganyelwe kugobolondo nasemiphumeleni |
Idatha yegobolondo le-enamel | kuncibilikiswe ku-820–930 °C, 0.25–0.45 mm | ayisebenzi ku-pH 1–14, Ra < 0.8 µm |
Idatha yegobolondo le-epoxy | 180–280 µm, AWWA C550 | enye indlela ye-fusion bonded epoxy |
Igobolondo le-Galvanized | HDG, GB/T 13912-2020 | amanzi ahlanzekile nezinto ezomile |
Isihloko se-manifold | kulinganiswe ukuhamba okuphezulu okuhlanganisiwe | ngokuhlukaniswa ethangini ngalinye |
Ukuhlola ukusebenza | i-torque, izinga, ukuhlolwa kokuhlukaniswa | ngaphambi kokugcwaliswa kokuqala |
Ukusebenza kanye Nenqubo Yokuhlola
Qinisekisa i-manifold ngaphambi kokuba ibhange ligcwaliswe. Qinisekisa amarekhodi e-torque yebhawodi yephaneli ngayinye, hlola ukuthi isethi ye-valve esethangini ngalinye ihlukanisa lelo thanki lodwa yini, hlola ithuluzi lezinga ngokumelene nezinga elaziwayo, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi indlela yokulinganisa ivuleka ngokulandelana okuhlosiwe. Bese usebenzisa ibhange: gcwalisa, sabalalisa, khipha ithanki elilodwa ngenkathi ukulinganisa kusebenza, futhi ubheke ukuthi ukulawula izinga kudlulisa ukuhamba ngendlela efanele yini. Ngemuva kwalokho, inqubo yokuhlola imfushane — ukuhlola i-torque ngemuva kokugcwalisa kokuqala nangemuva konyaka wokuqala, ukuhlola imikhondo ye-gasket nezimpawu ze-nozzle, kanye nokuhlola okubonakalayo kwangaphakathi kwethanki ngalinye ngesikhathi sokumiswa kwalo, okuyisikhathi futhi lapho ama-valve e-manifold asetshenziswa khona.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi elinobubanzi obukhulu | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi okuqeda umlilo | ISichuan, eChina | Ithangi le-GFS | 8,930 m³ (φ19.87 m × 14.4 m × 2) | ukuhlinzeka + usizo lokwakha |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi okuphuza | I-Indonesia | Ithangi le-GFS | 21,099 m³ (φ42.04 m × 15.2 m) | ukuhlinzeka + ukusekela ukusebenza |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini | IXinjiang, eChina | Ithangi le-GFS | 30,469 m³ emathangini angama-27 | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Amandla Obunjiniyela Be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina izinto aboshwe ngezibophezelo. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Emabhange amaningi amathangi, amandla afika njengemiphumela nama-manifold abekwe kumdwebo wokuhlanganisa nezinga leplatifomu, izinga legobolondo elilodwa kanye nendlela efanayo yokuhlanganisa ku-enamel, i-epoxy ne-galvanized, kanye namarekhodi e-torque ne-gasket enza ukusebenza kwe-manifold nokuhlolwa kube lula.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe i-header kufanele yabiwe noma ithangi ngalinye kufanele libe nomugqa walo?
A1: Isihloko esivamile esinevalvu ngayinye ebekwe ethangini ngalinye ngokuvamile siyisixazululo esifanele: sinikeza ukuhlukanisa nokulinganisa ngaphandle kokuphinda kabili imigqa yamapayipi. Linganisa isihloko ngokugeleza okuphezulu okuhlanganisiwe, hhayi okwesilinganiso.
Q2: Ngingayeka kanjani ithangi elilodwa ukuthi lingamuki wonke umthwalo wokushintsha?
A2: Ngokulinganisa nokulawula izinga. Xhuma amathangi aseduze futhi uvumele ukulawula izinga kusabalalise ukungena emanzini kulo lonke iqembu lamathangi esikhundleni sokuvumela ithangi eliphansi kakhulu ukuthi lithathe konke, bese uqinisekisa ukulandelana ngesikhathi sokuqala ukusebenza.
Q3: Ingabe ithangi elilodwa lingakhishwa ekusebenzeni ngenkathi iqembu lamathangi lisebenza?
A3: Yebo, okuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokusebenza se-manifold. Vala ama-valve okungena nokuphuma kwalelo thangi, qinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa ngokuhlola izinga, futhi amanye amathangi asale ebambe isitshalo ngenkathi elihlukanisiwe lihlolwa ngaphakathi.
Q4: Iyiphi i-gasket esebenza ku-enamel, i-epoxy kanye namagobolondo e-galvanized?
A4: I-EPDM iyigasket elijwayelekile lokuhlanganisa amagobolondo aboshiwe, futhi inhlanganisela ikhethwa ngokusho koketshezi kanye nezinga lokushisa. Gcina igasket elilodwa elijwayelekile kulo lonke ibhange ukuze izingxenye zokushintsha kanye namanani e-torque kuhambisane.
Q5: Yini ebangela ukuthi i-manifold yehluleke kuqala?
A5: Imilenze efile lapho izinto eziqinile zihlala khona, kanye nezindawo eziphansi ezingakwazi ukukhiwa. Zombili izinkinga zokuhleleka, futhi zombili zingavinjelwa ekubuyekezweni kwe-isometric hhayi emkhakheni.
Q6: Ingabe i-manifold ithinta isisekelo sethangi?
A6: Ngokungaqondile. Imithwalo yama-nozzle kanye nesisindo sesethi ye-valve kuthwalwa ithangi kanye ne-ring beam yalo, ngakho ukuphakama kwama-nozzle kanye nezinga lokufinyelela kufanele kube kumdwebo wokuhlanganisa ngaphambi kokuthi kuthululwe isisekelo.
Q7: Kukangaki i-manifold ihlolwa?
A7: Sebenzisa ama-valve ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwethangi ngalinye, hlola imikhondo ye-gasket kanye nezicwecwe zomlomo wokufaka, qinisekisa i-torque ngemuva kokugcwalisa kokuqala nangemuva konyaka wokuqala, bese udonsa futhi ugeze noma iyiphi ingxenye ye-header engagcina inzika.
I-manifold iguqula iqembu lamagobolondo aboshiwe libe yibhange lokugcina elinganakekelwa, lilinganiswe futhi lilawulwe. Linganisa i-header ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu elihlangene, hlukanisa ithangi ngalinye nge-valve yalo, hlinzeka ngokuxhumana okuphambanayo ukuze kulinganiswe, gcina amapayipi ahambisana namagobolondo, susa imigudu engasebenzi kanye nezindawo eziphansi, futhi uqinisekise ukuhlelwa konke ngaphambi kokugcwaliswa kokuqala. Lezi zinqumo eziyisithupha zinquma ukuthi ibhange liziphatha ngendlela elakhelwe ngayo esikhathini seminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Thumela umdwebo wokugeleza, inani nosayizi wamathangi, uketshezi kanye nekhemistri yalo, kanye nesakhiwo, futhi umklamo we-manifold ulandela ngqo.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela umdwebo wokugeleza okukhombisa ukuhamba okuphezulu kanye nokujwayelekile, inani nosayizi wamathangi, uketshezi kanye nekhemistri yalo, izinga lokulawula nokulinganisa elidingekayo, indawo etholakalayo kanye nokufinyelela, kanye nosuku lokuvulwa kokusebenza. Ithimba lobunjiniyela lizobuyisela ukuhlelwa kwe-manifold kanye nosayizi we-header, isethi yamavalvu kanye nohlelo lokuhlukanisa, ukuphakama kwama-nozzle kanye nezinga lokufinyelela, izincomo ze-gasket kanye nezinto zokwakha zamapayipi angaphakathi, uhlu lokuhlola lokuvulwa kokusebenza, kanye nenqubo yokuhlola. Lapho into ehlukile yeqokwane yomgogodla ifaneleka kangcono uketshezi, leyo nketho iyashiwo eceleni kunokuba ithathe indawo yayo.
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