Uwenza Kanjani Ukuqinisekisa Ikhwalithi Ye-feedstock Ye-biogas Ne-feedstock Ye-digester
Kwadalwa ngo 09.08
Uqinisekisa Kanjani Ikhwalithi Yokudla Kwe-Biogas Ne-Digester Feed
Ukuqinisekisa izinga lezinto zokudla kusho ukulawula ingqikithi yezinto eziqinile, i-pH, izinga lokushisa kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiyana zemfucuza ngaphambi kokuba ifike ku-digester, nokugcina ngakunye kwalokho ngaphakathi kwebhendi eshiwo ngesampula elinganisiwe kunokuba kube isiqinisekiso somhlinzeki. Ekusebenzeni kwe-mesophilic ku-35–38 °C, ukugcinwa kwamanzi emanzini kwezinsuku ezingama-20–30 kanye nokukhiqiza okucishe kube ngu-0.5–0.6 m³ kwe-biogas ngekhilogram yezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo ezikhishiwe, ukudla kufanele kulinganiswe, kulungiswe ngaphambili futhi kugcinwe ethangini eligcina umfudlana ufanana. Isitsha sokugcina siyindawo yokulawula, ngakho-ke ukuxubana kwaso, indawo yokungena nendawo yokuphuma kufanele kube sesicacisweni senqubo.
Amaphrojekthi ambalwa kakhulu e-biogas ehluleka ngenxa yokuthi i-chemistry yayingalungile. Ehluleka ngenxa yokuthi i-feedstock yayifika imanzi ngesinye isonto, ibambe ngesinye isonto, ine-pH eyayishaqisa i-culture, inosayizi wezinhlayiyana owawuvimba iphampu, futhi kungekho muntu owayechaze ukuthi "i-feed eyamukelekayo" isho ukuthini ngokubhaliwe. Ukuqinisekisa izinga le-feedstock akusona isitifiketi saselabhorethri; kuyisethi yezindawo zokubamba emshweni osuka kumkhiqizi wemfucuza uya ku-digester, ngayinye inenani kanye nokubekezelela. Uma lezo sezibhaliwe, ithangi lokugcina, i-pre-treatment kanye nohlelo lokufeeda konke kuba okulindelekile, futhi iphrofayili yegesi iyeka ukuba yisibikezelo esincike enhlanhleni.
Chaza Ukudla Okwamukelekayo Ngaphambi Kokuthenga Ithangi
Izici ezine zichaza isondlo: ingqikithi yezinto eziqinile, i-pH, izinga lokushisa kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiyana. Ingqikithi yezinto eziqinile ibeka umthwalo i-digester engawuthatha kanye nevolumu ewudingayo; i-pH ne-alkalinity zibeka ukuthi ingabe isiko lokugaya liyasinda ekushaqekeni; izinga lokushisa libeka ukuthi ingabe isitshalo kufanele sifudumeze isondlo; futhi usayizi wezinhlayiyana ubeka ukuthi ingabe iphampu, isishintshi sokushisa kanye nomzila wesondlo kuzodlula kulesi sikhathi. Bhala ngakunye ngenhloso kanye nokubekezelela, futhi usho indlela yokuhlaziya, ngoba ukudideka phakathi kokwamukelwe njengoba kunjalo nokwesisekelo esomile kuwumthombo ovame kakhulu wokuklama okungalungile. Lezo zindima ezine encazelweni yesitshalo yizona umsebenzisi angazihlola ngesampula emlonyeni wethangi, futhi yizona okufanele kusetshenziswe kuzo inkontileka nomhlinzeki wemfucuza esikhundleni sokuchazwa encwadini yenhloso.
Isitoreji Yilapho Ikhwalithi Igcinwa Khona Noma Ilahleka Khona
Ithangi lokugcina izinto zokudla lingumshini wokulungisa isimo, hhayi nje isibambi. Izinto eziqinile ze-matrix ziyahlala phansi kanti ezintantayo ziyakhuphuka, ngakho-ke ngaphandle kokuxutshwa, ukugeleza okuphuma ethangini akulona ukugeleza okungena kulo, futhi i-digester ibona umthwalo oguquguqukayo obungakaze ucatshangelwe ekwakhiweni. Ukuxutshwa okulungile kugcina ithangi lilingana, kuvimbela ungqimba lwe-scum ukuthi lungakheki phezulu futhi kuvimbela i-grit ukuthi ingaweli emgodini wokuphuma, futhi kwenza isitshalo sikwazi ukuthatha isampula emelele esikhundleni esichemile. Udonga lwe-enamel luyasiza lapha: luhlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C, lukalwe ngaphezu kwe-3450 N/cm², alunachembe ku-pH 1–14 futhi lingaphansi kwe-0.8 µm Ra, ngakho-ke indawo yalo ibamba kancane ifilimu ehlala phansi noma entantayo engabambwa udonga olumahhadlahhadla. Iphaneli ngayinye ihlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, futhi lelo rekhodi liyisipho sethangi efayeleni lempahla.
Ukulungiselela Ngaphambili Nokulinganisa Ngaphambi Kwe-Digester
I-Pre-treatment yisinyathelo esiguqula imfucuza eguquguqukayo ibe ukudla okungalindeleka. Ukuncishiswa kosayizi kuvikela iphampu kanye ne-heat exchanger; ithangi lokuxuba noma lokuhlanganisa lilinganisa ukushintshashintsha kwama-solids aphelele; ukulungiswa kwe-pH kugcina umfudlana ngaphakathi kwewindi elikwazi ukubekezelelwa yi-culture; futhi ukushisisa kuletha ukudla ezingeni le-mesophilic lika-35–38 °C ukuze kungadonsi izinga lokushisa le-digester phansi ngesikhathi sokudla. Lapho imfucuza iqukethe izinto ezintantayo, ilungiselelo lokukhipha noma lokuhlanza ku-balance tank livimbela ungqimba lwe-scum ukuthi lungapumpelwa ku-reactor. Isinyathelo ngasinye salokhu sine-hold point enenani, futhi ithangi eligcina umfudlana phakathi kwazo kufanele lilinganiswe ngokwesibalo sama-solids aphelele, hhayi ngokugeleza kwe-hydraulic kuphela.
Imininingwane Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Inothi |
Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza le-mesophilic | 35–38 °C | iwindi lokushisa elihlosiwe le-digester |
Isikhathi sokugcinwa kwamanzi | izinsuku ezingama-20–30 | okujwayelekile kudoti wemvelo wasemadolobheni nowezimboni |
Umkhiqizo we-biogas, udaka lwasemadolobheni | 0.5–0.6 m³/kg VS esusiwe | isisekelo sokuhlela ukukhiqizwa kwegesi |
I-pH yokudla kanye ne-alkalinity | ngokwencazelo yenqubo | indawo yokubamba emlonyeni wethangi lokulinganisa |
Ingqikithi yezinto eziqinile zokudla | ngokuhlaziywa komfula wemfucuza | ibeka umthwalo, ivolumu kanye nokwelashwa kwangaphambili |
Ukuxuba kwethangi lokugcina | okuqhubekayo noma okuhleliwe | kugcina ukudla kumelela |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | ingilazi ehlanganiswe negobolondo lethangi lensimbi |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | kulinganiswe ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm² |
Ukuthatha amasampula, Amarekhodi kanye Nesibikezelo Segesi
Iphoyinti lokubamba lisebenza kuphela uma umuntu elibhala phansi. Thatha isampula emlonyeni wedamu lokulinganisa kanye nasempompini yokudla ngesikhathi esimisiwe, bhala phansi izinto eziqinile eziphelele, i-pH kanye nezinga lokushisa kanye nosuku nomthombo, bese uqhathanisa isilinganiso esihambayo nesilinganiso sokuklama. Okukhishwa yidijesta ngokwayo — umthamo wegesi, okuqukethwe yi-methane kanye nezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo ezikhishiwe — kuvala umjikelezo, futhi ukwehla kwesivuno ngomthwalo ongaguquki kukhombisa ekudleni hhayi ku-reactor. Kufanele kushiwo isisekelo sokuhlela encwadini efanayo: cishe u-0.5–0.6 m³ we-biogas ngekhilogram yezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo ezikhishiwe odakeni lwasemadolobheni olujwayelekile, kanye no-0.3–0.5 m³ we-methane ngekhilogram yezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo ezikhishiwe odakeni lwendle. Uma isibikezelo kanye nerekhodi kungavumelani, irekhodi liyawina bese kubhalwa kabusha incazelo yokudla.
Icala Lomklamo
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ingxenye ye-anaerobic yamanzi angcolile emikhiqizweni kabhontshisi | I-Hebei, e-China | I-GFS digester + isembozo | ingxenye yenqubo ye-anaerobic | ukuhlinzeka + ukuhlanganisa inqubo |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile okupheka utshwala | I-Sichuan, e-China | Ithangi le-GFS | 14,655 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + usizo lokwakha |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini | I-Xinjiang, e-China | Ithangi le-GFS | 30,469 m³ emathangini angama-27 | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile kamasipala | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 17,420 m³ emathangini ayi-10 | ukuhlinzeka + ukusekela ukufakwa ekusebenzeni |
Amandla Obunjiniyela e-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngezibophezelo. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ngekhwalithi yempahla yokudla kanye nesevisi ye-anaerobic lokhu kuhlanganisa amathangi okulinganisa nokugcina anokuxuba nokufinyelela kokuthatha isampula, igobolondo le-digester elinokuhlanganiswa kwesembozo esingavumi ukungena komoya kumakhilopasika ambalwa, kanye namarekhodi okuhlolwa kwasefektri akha ifayela lempahla yombhoshongo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Iyiphi impahla yokudla eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu?
A1: Ama-solids aphelele, ngoba yiwona abeka umthwalo wama-volatile solids i-digester engawuthatha ngakho-ke ivolumu edingekayo kanye nesikhathi sokugcinwa. Futhi iqondisa ububanzi bokwelashwa kwangaphambili, ngakho-ke kufanele kulinganiswe ngesampula elizinze futhi emelela kunokuba kuthathwe kudatha yomhlinzeki.
Q2: Ithangi lokudla ligcinwa kanjani limelela?
A2: Ngokuxuba. Ukuxuba okuqhubekayo noma okuhleliwe kuvimbela ukuhlala phansi kwama-solids nokwakheka kwama-floatables abumba ungqimba lwe-scum, kugcina indawo yokuphuma imelela, futhi kwenza isampula libe nencazelo.
Q3: Ukudla kufanele kungene ngamuphi amazinga okushisa?
A3: Eduze kwesikhathi sokusebenza se-digester esingu-35–38 °C ekugayeni kwe-mesophilic. Ukudla izinto ezibandayo kupholisa i-reactor ngesikhathi sokwengezwa, ngakho-ke ukushisa ukudla kuyingxenye yobubanzi bokwelashwa kwangaphambili kunokuba kube ukwengezwa kwamuva.
Q4: I-pH kufanele ilawulwe kanjani?
A4: Ngokulinganisa nokulungisa ethangini lokulinganisa, ngaphambi kokuba umfudlana ufike kwi-digester. Ukwengezwa kwe-alkali kuyindawo yokubamba enenani elihlosiwe, futhi kungaphansi kwencazelo esemthethweni kunokuba kuguqulwe ngokungahleliwe ngemuva komthwalo wokushaqeka.
Q5: Ingabe usayizi uncike ekugelezeni noma emthwalweni wezinto eziqinile?
A5: Emthwalweni wezinto eziqinile. Umthamo ulandela izinto eziqinile eziguquguqukayo zansuku zonke eziphindwe isikhathi sokugcina, futhi ukugeleza kumisa kuphela usayizi wamapayipi namaphampu; ukudida lokhu okubili kuyimbangela evamile yethangi lokulinganisa elincane kakhulu.
Q6: Kuthiwani uma umhlinzeki wemfucuza eshintsha umfudlana?
A6: Qhathanisa ukuhlaziya okusha nesicaciso sokuphakelayo bese uhlola kabusha umthamo, ukugcinwa kanye nokwelashwa kwangaphambili. Ngoba amagobolondo aboshiwe angandiswa ngokufaka ithangi elihambisanayo, ngokuvamile kunesizathu esisebenzayo sokwenza umsebenzi omusha kunokwakha kabusha.
Q7: Yimaphi amarekhodi avikela isibikezelo segesi?
A7: Ukudla okuphelele okuqinile, i-pH kanye nezinga lokushisa ethangini lokulinganisa ngesikhathi esimisiwe, kanye nomthamo wegesi ye-digester kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-methane. Ukuqhathanisa izilinganiso ezihambayo nesisekelo sesivuno kukhombisa inkinga yokuphakelayo ngaphambi kokuba ibe inkinga ye-reactor.
Ikhwalithi ye-feedstock iqinisekiswa ezindaweni zokubamba: i-total solids, i-pH ne-alkalinity, izinga lokushisa nosayizi wezinhlayiyana, ngakunye kunomgomo, ukubekezelelana, indlela yokuthatha isampula nerekhodi. Ibhalansi kanye nethangi lokugcina liyindawo yokulawula kulolo chungechunge, futhi ukuxubana kwalo, ukuhlelwa kokungena nokuphuma kunquma ukuthi i-digester ithola yini umfudlana obewucatshangelwe ekwakhiweni. Gcina ukusebenza kwe-mesophilic ku-35–38 °C nokugcinwa kwezinsuku ezingama-20–30 kanye nesisekelo sesivuno esicishe sibe ngu-0.5–0.6 m³ ngekhilogram ngayinye yezinto eziphilayo ezikhishwayo, futhi isibikezelo segesi siba yinombolo embonini okufanele iphendule ngayo. Thumela ukuhlaziywa kwemfucuza kanye nephethini yokulethwa, futhi izindawo zokulawula zingasethwa ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe i-oda lethangi.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela uhlobo lomfudlana wemfucuza ngokuhlaziywa komlando, ithani nesamba sezinto eziqinile, iphethini yokulethwa kanye nesizini, umthamo wegesi odingekayo, izinga lokushisa le-digester kanye nezimo zendawo. Ithimba lobunjiniyela lizobuyisela incazelo yokuphakelwa enezindawo zokubamba kanye nokubekezelelana, ukulinganisa kanye nosayizi wethangi lokugcina ngokuxuba kanye nokuhlelwa kokusampula, ububanzi bokwelashwa kwangaphambili okuhlanganisa ukushisa kanye nokulungiswa kwe-pH, isisekelo sesivuno okufanele kuhlelwe ngaso, kanye nohlelo lokulethwa lwezigaba. Lapho enye into yogobolondo ifaneleka kangcono ekuphakelweni, ishiwo eceleni kwayo kunokuba ithathe indawo yayo.
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