Uhlola Kanjani Umhlinzeki Wethangi Le-Enamel AD
Kwadalwa ngo 09.08
Uhlola Kanjani Umhlinzeki Wethangi le-Enamel AD
Ukuhlola umhlinzeki we-enamel AD tank kusho ukuhlola izinto ezine i-boilerplate engazange izikhulume: ukuthi uhlelo lwesembozo luyawubamba yini umoya endaweni yegesi ngaphandle kokuvuza kuma-kilopascal ambalwa kuphela, ukuthi iqokobhe nesembozo kuhlinzekwa njengomngcele wengcindezi owodwa yini, ukuthi ukuxuba nokusabalalisa okuphakelayo kuyavikela yini umthamo osebenzisekayo ekungcoleni yisikhutha nesihlabathi, nokuthi irekhodi lokuhlolwa kwasefektri lamaphaneli e-enamel liyahlala yini efayeleni lesitshalo. Engeza idatha yezinto — ukuncibilika ku-820–930 °C, ungqimba lwe-0.25–0.45 mm, kulinganiswe ngaphezu kwe-3450 N/cm², ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi ye-1500 V DC ngephaneli ngayinye — futhi uhlu olufushane luyashintsha ngokushesha.
I-digester ye-anaerobic ibukeka njengethangi emdwebeni futhi isebenza njenge-reactor yenqubo ekusebenzeni. Imfucuza ilayishwa ngezinga elingakwazi ukushintshwa yisitshalo, igesi iphuma ngomngcele oguquguqukayo okumele ungabi nengcindezi eyeqile, futhi umthamo osebenzisekayo uncipha ngokuthula njalo ngenyanga njengoba kwakheka ungqimba lwe-scum phezulu futhi isihlabathi siwela phansi. Uma umkhumbi u-enamel, ingxoxo nomhlinzeki ngokuvamile imayelana nobubanzi nentengo. Kufanele kube mayelana nomngcele wengcindezi nokuxuba, ngoba lezo yizinto ezimbili ezinquma ukuthi isitshalo siyafinyelela yini iphrofayili yaso yegesi ngonyaka wesithathu. Yilokho okufanele ukubuze lapho uhlola umhlinzeki wethangi le-AD le-enamel, futhi kulungile ukukubuza ngaphambi kokuba kukhishwe umdwebo wokuqala. Lezo zimpendulo ezine ziyimpendulo ephelele yombuzo wokuthi uhlola kanjani umhlinzeki wethangi le-AD le-enamel, futhi zifanele zibe sesicelweni kunasemhlanganweni wokuqala wendawo.
Okumele Kufakazelwe Iqokobhe
Ubukhulu koqweqwe lwe-enamel kanye nezinga lokushisa lokuhlangana kwazo kunquma umngcele wokwehluleka. I-enamel ku-anaerobic digester ishiselwa epaneleni lensimbi ku-820–930 °C futhi inobukhulu obungu-0.25–0.45 mm, ibalwa ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm², ngakho ingilazi nensimbi zisebenza njengomzimba owodwa ngokumelene ne-liquor equkethe i-sulphide kanye nomoya we-biogas. Ukuhlolwa okubalulekile efayeleni lempahla ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC kuwo wonke amaphaneli ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa: i-holiday efekthri iyinto yamaphepha, i-holiday ngemva kokufakwa iyinkinga yokungavuzi komoya, futhi i-digester iyindawo embi kakhulu yokuthola enye. Ukuqedwa kwendawo ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra nakho kubalulekile lapha, ngoba udonga olubushelelezi lubamba kancane i-biofilm ne-scum ekugcineni ehlanganisa isikhala segesi. Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu iyimpilo yokuklama, futhi uhlelo lokuhlola yilona oluyigcina iyiqiniso.
Umngcele Wengcindezi Uyinkinga Yesembozo
Igesi le-anaerobic ligcinwa kuma-kilopascal ambalwa, akukaze kube ngokucindezela igobolondo. Igobolondo le-digester lisemkhathini; igesi ivuvukala isembozo esiguquguqukayo noma isuse isibambi, futhi lonke uhlangothi lwegesi ligcinwa ngaphakathi kwama-kilopascal ambalwa nge-valve yokuphepha yengcindezi kanye ne-flame arrestor njengokuvikela. Ngakho-ke umbuzo wokuhlola awuwona "yiluphi ingcindezi ithangi elilinganiselwe yona" — umbuzo uthi "ngubani odizayina, ohlinzeka futhi oqinisekisa ukuxhumana kwesembozo negobolondo". Cela ukuhlelwa kwe-membrane yesembozo, ingcindezi ye-inner-membrane eshiwo, imininingwane yokubopha lapho isembozo lihlala khona egobolondweni, kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-relief ne-arrestor. I-membrane yangaphandle phezu kwe-membrane yangaphakathi iyisakhiwo esivamile, futhi ukubopha yilapho ukufakwa okubi kubonakala khona njengokuvuza nokulimala komoya kunokuba kube ukwehluleka kwenqubo.
Ukuxuba, Ukusatshalaliswa Kokuphakelayo kanye Nomthamo Onciphayo
Ama-digester amaningi alahlekelwa umthamo wawo osebenzisekayo ngenxa ye-scum nesihlabathi, hhayi ngenxa yokugqwala. Ngaphandle kokuxubana okwanele, izinto ezintantayo zakha ungqimba lwe-scum olunwabuzelayo luqonde endaweni yokuphuma kwegesi futhi izinhlabathi ezicwile ziwela phansi ngaphansi komgudu wokuphuma, futhi kokubili kunciphisa buthule umthamo wokusebenza kuze kube yilapho ukugcinwa kungasakuhambisani nalokho obekucatshangwa umklamo. Ukuxuba nge-biogas recirculation noma nge-mechanical impeller kufanele kukalwe ukuze kugcinwe yonke inhlanganisela yezinto isemoyeni, futhi ukusatshalaliswa kokudla kufanele kusakazeke kulo lonke uhlangothi kunokuba kuthululwe endaweni eyodwa. Hlola umhlinzeki ngokuthi i-mixer ihlezi kuphi, ukuthi ukudla kusatshalaliswa kanjani, ukuthi ungqimba lwe-scum luphulwa noma lususwa kanjani, nokuthi isihlabathi sidonswa kanjani — ngoba lezi yizinto ezinquma ukuthi isitshalo siyawugcina yini umklamo waso wokugcina iminyaka engamashumi amathathu.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Inothi |
Izinga lokuncibilika kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi ngokushisa okukodwa |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | kulinganiselwa ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm² |
Ukutholwa kwe-Holiday | ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC | iphaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | Ra < 0.8 µm | ukungcola okuncane kanye ne-scum kanye ne-biofilm anchor |
Izinga lokushisa le-Mesophilic | 35–38 °C | iwindi elijwayelekile lokugaya i-mesophilic |
Isikhathi sokugcinwa kwamanzi | izinsuku ezingama-20–30 | okujwayelekile kudoti wemvelo kamasipala nowezimboni |
Umngcele wengcindezi yegesi | ama-kPa ambalwa | isembozo esiguquguqukayo, igobolondo lomkhathi |
Ukuvikelwa | i-valve yokuphepha yengcindezi, i-flame arrestor | ukuvikelwa kohlangothi lwegesi |
Okufanele Kuqukethwe Isiphakamiso
Isiphakamiso esiphelele se-digester siphendula okungaphezu kwegobolondo. Sichaza umthamo wokusebenza kanye nesikhathi sokugcinwa okuholela ekulayisheni kwansuku zonke kwezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo kanye nesisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwegesi; sinikeza ukuhlelwa kwesembozo nengcindezi ebizwayo kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana; sibala indlela yokuxuba, amandla kanye nendawo; sichaza ukusatshalaliswa kokuphakelayo kanye nokuphathwa kwe-scum nesihlabathi; sikhombisa ukulinganisa kwe-vent ne-relief; futhi sizibophezela kumarekhodi efektri — izitifiketi ze-panel mill, ukujiya kwe-enamel namarekhodi okuhlolwa kwe-spark okuxhunywe ezinombolweni zephaneli, izinga lebhawudi namarekhodi e-torque, kanye nemidwebo yokuhlanganisa. Ekugcineni sisho imodeli yokumiswa: amaphaneli athunyelwa eyisicaba, ngakho-ke i-digester iwukuhlanganiswa ngamabhawudi okugadwa umkhiqizi esikhundleni somkhankaso wokushisela endaweni, okuyinto ebalulekile embonini enosuku olumisiwe lokuthunyelwa emsebenzini.
Icala Lomklamo
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ingxenye ye-anaerobic yamanzi angcolile emikhiqizweni kabhontshisi | I-Hebei, e-China | I-GFS digester + isembozo | ingxenye yenqubo ye-anaerobic | ukuhlinzeka + ukuhlanganisa inqubo |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile okupheka utshwala | I-Sichuan, e-China | Ithangi le-GFS | 14,655 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + usizo lokwakha |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini | I-Xinjiang, e-China | Ithangi le-GFS | 30,469 m³ emathangini angama-27 | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile kamasipala | I-Sichuan, e-China | Ithangi le-GFS | 17,420 m³ emathangini angu-10 | ukuhlinzeka + ukusekela ukusebenza |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela le-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ane-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ekugayeni i-anaerobic lokhu kuhlanganisa igobolondo le-digester, ukuhlanganiswa kophahla lwe-membrane engavumi ukungena komoya kanye nomngcele wengcindezi wezinga le-kilopascal ochazwe ngenhla, kanye nokuxuba, ukusatshalaliswa kokuphakelayo kanye namarekhodi okuhlolwa kwasefektri asekela ifayela lempahla yesikhungo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe igobolondo le-digester liyisitsha sengcindezi?
Impendulo 1: Cha. Ithangi le-enamel lisezingeni lomoya noma ingcindezi ephansi. Igesi ibanjwa yisembozo esiguquguqukayo kuma-kilopascal ambalwa kuphela, kanti i-valve yokuphepha yengcindezi kanye ne-flame arrestor kuvikela umngcele, ngakho igobolondo alilokothi lithathwe njengesitsha sengcindezi.
Umbuzo 2: Ubani ongumnikazi womgogodla wokuxhumana phakathi kwesembozo negobolondo?
Impendulo 2: Kufanele kube yisikophu esisodwa. Cela umhlinzeki ukuthi anikeze igobolondo kanye nesembozo njengomngcele owodwa onemininingwane yokubamba ecacisiwe, ngoba ukuvuza kanye nomonakalo womoya cishe kuhlala kuvela kuleso sixhumanisi kunokuba kuvele kulwelwesi lwesembozo uqobo.
Umbuzo 3: Yini enquma umthamo we-digester?
Impendulo 3: Umthwalo wansuku zonke wezinto eziqhumayo (volatile solids) uphindwe ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwamanzi esikhethiwe, ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingama-20–30 ekusebenzeni kwe-mesophilic ku-35–38 °C, kanye nendawo yamahhala yegwebu, i-scum nesihlabathi esicwilisayo.
Umbuzo 4: Ingabe ukuxuba kungaphansi kwesikophu sethangi?
Impendulo 4: Kungaphansi kwephrojekthi efanayo futhi kufanele kube sesiphakamiso. Ukuxuba nge-biogas recirculation noma ngomshini kugcina ungqimba lwe-scum kanye nombhede wesihlabathi ekutheni kungadli umthamo osebenzisekayo, futhi kuvikela indawo yokuthatha igesi.
Umbuzo 5: Iphathwa kanjani i-hydrogen sulphide?
Impendulo 5: I-enamel ikwazi ukubekezelela izimo ze-sulphide kahle ngaphakathi kwe-pH 1–14. Ukususwa kuyisinyathelo sokwelashwa kwegesi sangemuva kusetshenziswa i-ferric chloride noma i-dry desulphurisation ukuvikela injini noma ibhoyila, hhayi umbuzo wempahla yegobolondo.
Umbuzo 6: Yimaphi amarekhodi efektri okufanele alethwe?
Impendulo 6: Izitifiketi zomshini wamaphaneli, ukujiya kwe-enamel kanye namarekhodi okuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ahambisana nezinombolo zamaphaneli, amarekhodi ebanga le-bolt ne-torque, imidwebo yokubopha nokuhlanganisa ikhava, kanye nencwadi yokusebenza enesikhathi sokuhlolwa sekhava, umxubi kanye namadivayisi okusiza.
Umbuzo 7: Ingabe i-digester yesibili ingengezwa kamuva?
A7: Yebo. Amaphaneli aboshiwe athunyelwa ecaba futhi aboshwa ndawonye, ngakho umkhumbi ohambisana nawo ungafakwa njengoba inkontileka yempahla yokusetshenziswa ikhula, inqobo nje uma i-ring beam iqinisekiswa ngomthwalo owengeziwe futhi uhlelo lwegesi lunwetshwa kuwo.
Ukuhlola umhlinzeki we-enamel AD tank kuwumsebenzi wokuhlukanisa igobolondo enqubweni. Igobolondo liyalinganiseka: izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa, ukujiya kwesendlalelo, amandla, ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi kanye nokuqedwa. Inqubo yilapho ingozi ihlala khona: isembozo esingavumeli igesi esinekhonco elichaziwe legobolondo elisebenza ngamakhilopaskali ambalwa, ukuxuba nokusabalalisa okuphakelayo okulinganiswe ngokumelene ne-scum nesihlabathi, kanye nokugcinwa okugcinwe ezinsukwini ezingama-20–30 ngokusebenza kwe-mesophilic. Cela kokubili esiphakamisweni esisodwa futhi ukuqhathanisa kuba kwangempela. Thumela umsinga wemfucuza, ithani lawo kanye ne-total solids, umphumela wegesi ohlosiwe kanye nezimo zesizinda, futhi ukuhlola kuphenduka kube ukuthunyelwa kobunjiniyela okuqhathanisekayo.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela umsele wemfucuza onesisindo samathani kanye nezinto eziqinile eziphelele, iphethini yokulethwa, umkhiqizo wogesi ohlosiwe noma ukushintshwa kwamandla, imfuneko ye-mesophilic noma ye-thermophilic, umthwalo womoya neqhwa wendawo, imikhawulo yesiza kanye nosuku lokuqala ukusebenza. Ithimba lobunjiniyela lizobuyisela umthamo wokusebenza okanye umthamo wokusebenza kanye nezibalo zokugcinwa, isiphakamiso sekhava kanye nomngcele wengcindezi kanye nemininingwane yokubamba, ukuxutshwa kanye nokuhlelwa kokusatshalaliswa kokuphakelayo, ukuphathwa kwe-scum nesihlabathi, uhlu lwamarekhodi okuhlolwa kwefekthri, kanye nohlelo lokulethwa ngezigaba. Lapho enye into yegobolondo ifaneleka kangcono kule nqubo, leyo nketho iyashiwo kanye nesizathu.
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