Ukhetha Kanjani Umthengisi Wamathangi Okuhlanza Ukungcola
Kwadalwa ngo 09.08
Uyikhetha Kanjani Umhlinzeki Wethangi Lokwelapha Indle
Ukukhetha umhlinzeki wethangi lokuhlanza indle yamanzi kuncike ezimpendulweni eziyisithupha eziqinisekisekayo: izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa uqweqwe kanye nokujiya kwengqimba, i-voltage yokuhlola i-holiday esetshenziswa iphaneli ngayinye, isitifiketi esinanyathiselwe oketshezini olusetshenziswayo, umthamo omkhulu wethangi elilodwa okungakhishwa yifekthri, imodeli yokumisa nokugada, kanye nesethi yemibhalo efika nethangi. Umhlinzeki ophendula zonke lezi zinto eziyisithupha ngezinombolo namarekhodi uyikhandidethi; lowo ophendula ngeziphawulo akayona. Gcina lezo zinto eziyisithupha embuzweni futhi uhlu lwabakhethiwe luzoncipha ngaphambi kokuba nakuqala ukuqhathanisa amanani.
Ungumholi wokuthenga noma wenqubo obhala isigatshana sethangi esivumelwaneni sokuthuthukiswa kwendawo yokuhlanza indle, futhi uphenyo seluzophuma lunevolumu, indawo kanye nebhendi yentengo kodwa kungekho mibandela yokwamukela. Yileyo ndlela amaphrojekthi agcina ngayo anethangi elishibhile elihluleka masinyane kanye nengxabano ebizayo ngesikhathi sokunikezela. Umbuzo wombiphakeli awukhona ngempela mayelana nokuthi iyiphi inkampani enencwajana enhle kakhulu; umayelana nokuthi iyiphi inkampani engafakazela umkhiqizo wayo ngokumelene nomfula ewuzobamba. Indle ayixoleli ngendlela ethile — i-hydrogen sulphide, ukushintsha kwe-pH, umthwalo wendle ebolile kanye nokuhla kwendawo — futhi izimpendulo ezibalulekile ziyalinganiseka. Ukuzibhala esicelweni kuguqula ukuqhathanisa kokumaketha kube okobunjiniyela, futhi iyimpendulo esebenzayo embuzweni wokuthi ungamkhetha kanjani umhlinzeki wethangi lokuhlanza indle: cela izinombolo eziyisithupha kanye namarekhodi angemuva kwazo ngaphambi kokuba noma iyiphi intengo iqhathaniswe.
Lokho Umhlinzeki Ofanele Angakufakazela Ngempahla
Idatha yasefektri inqoba isitatimende sokuthengisa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ethangini lendle yendle elihlanganiswe ngengilazi nensimbi, i-enamel ishiselwa epaneleni lensimbi ku-820–930 °C, ungqimba luhamba ngo-0.25–0.45 mm futhi lukalwa ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm²; lawo ngamavelu anquma ukuthi udonga luyasinda yini kwi-sulphide futhi lumelana nokuqhekeka. Ukuhlolwa okuthola iphaneli elinesici ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC, okufanele kwenziwe kuwo wonke amaphaneli ngaphambi kokuba athunyelwe futhi kurekhodwe ngokuhambisana nezinombolo zamaphaneli, ngoba i-holiday etholakala efektri iyinto yokufayila kanti i-holiday etholakala ngemva kokusetshenziswa iwukuphazamiseka kokusebenza. Cela nobukhulu bokungalingani kwendawo: ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra udonga olumanzi lubamba i-biofilm encane kanye ne-scaling, okuyisici esigcina ithangi likwazi ukuhlanzeka iminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Umhlinzeki ongakwazi ukusho lezi futhi akhiqize amarekhodi usuvele ekutshela okuthile.
Isitifiketi, Umthamo kanye Nombuzo Wokulethwa
Isitifiketi kufanele sihambisane noketshezi, hhayi ukufakwa ohlwini njengeqoqo lamabheji. Emsebenzini wamanzi aphuzwayo isitifiketi yi-NSF/ANSI 61 kanye ne-WRAS; ekuxhumaneni nokudla yi-FDA kanye ne-LFGB; ekugcineni umlilo yi-FM kanye nedizayini ebhekiselwe ku-NFPA; futhi emkhakheni womkhiqizo owenziwe i-CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, ISO 9001 kanye ne-ISO 45001 kuhlanganisa izinhlelo zekhwalithi, ezempilo yomsebenzi kanye nokwakhiwa. Ngokwehlukile, buza ivolumu ephezulu yethangi elilodwa abayikhiphayo, ngoba umkhawulo ongokoqobo kuphrojekthi ngokuvamile uwumzila wokungena kanye namandla okumisa kunomugqa wefektri. Bese ubuza ukuthi amaphaneli apakishwa kanjani, ukuthi iqembu lokumisa linikezwa kanjani, nokuthi ukulethwa kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ukuze imisebenzi ikwazi ukwenza ithangi elilodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa esikhundleni sokulinda igobolondo elilodwa elishiselwe.
Umhlanganiso, Isisekelo kanye Nezinto Ezihlulekayo Ngempela
Ukwehluleka okuningi kwasekuqaleni kuyizinkinga zamalunga nezisekelo, hhayi izinkinga ze-enamel. Amaphaneli acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi afakwa ngamabhawodi e-8.8-grade kanye ne-EPDM gasket, futhi izinga lomphumela lincike ekutheni i-torque ifakwa futhi iqoshwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa, hhayi ukubhekwa ngamehlo. Amalunga ane-torque encane ayavuza lapho izinga lokuqala lehla; amalunga ane-torque eningi akhohlisa umzila we-gasket; futhi i-ring beam ehlala ngokungalingani ibeka amalunga abhawodiwe ekugobeni, yingakho umkhawulo wokuhla kwesisekelo kufanele ube esicacisweni nasedwetsheni lokwamukela. Uphahla ne-vent nakho kudinga ukucaciswa: isembozo esilinganiswe umoya neqhwa kanye ne-vent elinganiswe ukukhishwa komhwamuko nokukhiqizwa kwegesi, futhi noma iyiphi igesi ye-digester iphathwa ngesembozo sayo kuphela ngamakhilopaskali ambalwa esikhundleni ngokucindezela ithangi.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokuncibilika kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi ekushiseni okukodwa |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | kukalwa ngephaneli ngayinye yokukhiqiza |
Amandla e-enamel | ≥ 3450 N/cm² | isilinganiso sokugoba nokucindezela |
Ukutholwa kwe-Holiday | ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC | ngephaneli ngayinye, kuqoshwe ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | Ra < 0.8 µm | kunciphisa i-biofilm kanye ne-scaling |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | ngaphakathi komsebenzi wendle oshiwo |
ukubekezelela i-pH | 1–14 | umsele wendle yokuthutha ngamakhemikhali okulinganisa |
Izibopho | Amabhawodi ezinga le-8.8, i-EPDM gasket | i-torque erekhodwe lapho kuhlanganiswa |
Ukubhala Indlela Yokwamukela Ezingeni Lokubuza
Isigaba sekhasi elilodwa sisusa ingxenye enkulu yengozi. Chaza idatha yezinto ezibonakalayo ngamavelu angenhla, isitifiketi esidingekayo soketshezi, amarekhodi okuhlolwa kwasefektri okufanele anikezwe ehambisana nezinombolo zamaphaneli, izinga lamabhawudi nendlela yokuqinisekisa i-torque, umkhawulo wokuhla kwesisekelo, isisekelo somthwalo wophahla ne-vent, kanye nesikhathi sokuhlolwa okufanele umhlinzeki asibhale: ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi okubonakalayo ngesikhathi sokuvalwa ngakunye, ukuhlolwa kwe-torque ngemuva kokugcwaliswa kokuqala nangemuva konyaka wokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle kwaminyaka yonke kanye nokuhlolwa kokudonsa kwamanzi e-annulus, kanye nokuhlolwa kabusha kwe-spark kunoma yiliphi iphaneli elikhishwe ngesikhathi sokulungiswa. Bese ufuna isiphakamiso esibhaliwe esiphendula konke lokho. Abahlinzeki abathatha lesi sigaba njengomkhawulo womsebenzi bazofaka izicelo; labo abaphikisayo bazokhishwa ngaphambi kokuba uchithe isikhathi ekuqhathaniseni amanani okungenakuqhathaniswa.
Isimo Somsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini | Xinjiang, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 30,469 m³ emathangini angama-27 | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lokugcina indle | Zhejiang, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 11,613 m³ (φ24.45 m × 19.8 m) | ukuhlinzeka + usizo lokwakha |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile kamasipala | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 17,420 m³ emathangini angama-10 | ukuhlinzeka + ukusekela ukusebenza |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile endaweni yokulahla udoti | eBeijing, eChina | Ithangi le-GFS | 9,682 m³ (φ16.23 m × 23.4 m × 2) | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina izinto aboshwe ngamabhawodi. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Emsebenzini wokwelashwa kwendle lokhu kuba yisembozo se-enamel esihambisana ne-pH elinganisiwe kanye nephrofayili ye-sulphide, ubufakazi bokuhlolwa kwe-spark ngephaneli ngayinye bugcinwe efayeleni lempahla, izinga le-torque nokubambelela libhalwe endleleni yokumisa, kanye nohlelo lokulethwa ngezigaba oluhambisana nekhalenda lokuvalwa kwemisebenzi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Umbuzo wokuqala okufanele uwubuze kumhlinzeki wamathangi yimuphi?
A1: Iyiphi izinga lokushisa lokuhlanganisa i-enamel, ukujiya kwesendlalelo kanye nesilinganiso samandla, futhi ungakwazi yini ukukhiqiza irekhodi lokuhlolwa kwenhlansi ye-1500 V DC ngokumelene nezinombolo zamaphaneli? Lezi zimpendulo ezintathu zihlukanisa umkhiqizi kumsabalalisi.
Q2: Yiziphi izitifiketi ezisebenza ethangini lendle?
A2: I-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS yamanzi aphuzwayo, i-FDA ne-LFGB yokuxhumana nokudla, i-FM ne-NFPA emiklamo ebhekiselwe ekugcineni umlilo, kanye ne-ISO 9001, i-ISO 45001, i-CE (EN 1090) ne-ISO 28765 yezinhlelo zokwakha nekhwalithi. Shono leyo edingwa umlawuli wakho.
Q3: Ithangi elilodwa lingaba likhulu kangakanani elingakhishwa umphakeli?
A3: Amathangi awodwa anikezwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³, kodwa umkhawulo ongokoqobo kuphrojekthi yakho yindlela yokungena, i-cranage kanye nohlelo lokumisa. Cela ivolumu enkulu kunazo zonke abaye bayifaka ngempela esikhundleni sesibalo esikubhukwana.
Q4: Ubani omisa ithangi?
A4: Amaphaneli athunyelwa eyisicaba, ngakho ukumiswa kwawo kuwukubopha ngamabhawodi ngaphansi kokuqondisa komkhiqizi esikhundleni somkhankaso wokushisela endaweni. Qinisekisa enkontilekeni ukuthi ubani ohlinzeka ngeqembu labasebenzi, ubani oqinisekisa i-torque, nokuthi ubani osayina irekhodi lokuhlanganisa.
Q5: Yini ebangela ukwehluleka kokuqala emkhakheni?
A5: Ukungalingani kokuhlala kwesisekelo okufaka amalunga aboshiwe ekugobeni, kanye ne-torque esetshenziswa ngokungafani lapho kuhlanganiswa. I-enamel ngokwayo ihluleka kuphela ngokusebenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwesikhawu se-pH esishiwo noma ngokulimala komshini emaphethelweni amaphaneli.
Q6: Ingabe umsebenzi ungakwazi ukwengeza amathangi kamuva?
A6: Yebo, izifundo ezengeziwe kugobolondo olukhona noma amathangi ahambisanayo esihlokweni esifanayo, inqobo nje uma i-ring beam iqinisekiswa umthwalo owengeziwe. Amagobolondo aboshiwe angachithwa futhi amiswe kabusha kwenye indawo.
Q7: Yini okufanele ibe semfayeleni yokwamukela?
A7: Izitifiketi zomshini wamaphaneli, ukushuba koqweqwe lwe-enamel namarekhodi okuhlolwa kwe-spark okuxhumene nezinombolo zamaphaneli, izinga lamabhawodi namarekhodi e-torque, ukuhlolwa kwengubo yangaphandle, imidwebo yokubopha kanye nesisekelo, imidwebo yokuhlanganisa, kanye nencwadi yokusebenza nokulungisa enesikhathi sokuhlola.
Ukukhethwa komphakeli wesitoreji sendle ayidingi ukuhluzwa ngomphumela olingisekayo: amanani ezinto ezibonakalayo, i-voltage yokuhlola, ukuhambisana noketshezi okuqinisekisiwe, umthamo okhishiwe, imodeli yokumisa kanye nesethi yemibhalo. Lezi zinto eziyisithupha yizona umsebenzisi aphila nazo iminyaka engamashumi amathathu, futhi zonke zingahlolwa ngaphambi kokuba isivumelwano sisayinwe. Lapho uketshezi kungamanzi endle noma imfucumfucu yezimboni, iphaneli ye-enamel ehlanganisiwe iyinto ehlangabezana namakhemikhali kanye nohlelo lokuhlola ngezindleko ezingasinda esabelomali semali, futhi uhlelo oluboshiwe yilona olungandiswa njengoba umsebenzi ukhula. Faka isigatshana embuzweni bese ukuqhathanisa kuba yiqiniso.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela uketshezi kanye nekhemistri yalo ene-pH kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-sulphide, izinga eliphezulu kanye nezinga elijwayelekile lokugeleza kanye nevolumu yokugcina edingekayo, izimo zomhlabathi wendawo kanye nomthwalo wesimo sezulu, isitifiketi esidingekayo, umkhawulo wendawo kanye nokufinyelela, kanye nosuku lokugunyazwa. Ithimba lobunjiniyela lizobuyisela idatha yempahla kanye neyokumboza enamanani asekelayo, ububanzi kanye nokuphakama, uhlelo lwamaphaneli namabhawudi, umthwalo wesisekelo, uhlu lokuhlolwa kwasefektri kanye nesitifiketi, kanye nohlelo lokulethwa nokwakhiwa ngezigaba. Lapho enye into yegobolondo ilingana kangcono nomsebenzi, ishiwo eceleni kwenketho ye-enamel nesizathu esikhundleni sokuyishintsha.
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