Amaphrojekthi E-Biogas Emfucumfucwini Wezinto Eziphilayo Awavikela Kanjani Okungeniswayo
Kwadalwa ngo 09.08
Amaphrojekthi e-Biogas Edoti Lemvelo Aqinisekisa Kanjani Impahla Yokudla
Amaphrojekthi e-biogas yenhlanzi yemvelo aqinisekisa ukudla ngokulinganisa imfucuza etholakalayo nevolumu ye-digester kanye nesikhathi sokugcina ngaphambi kokuba ku-odwe ithangi. Ekusebenzeni kwe-mesophilic ku-35–38 °C, ukugcinwa kwamanzi cishe kwezinsuku ezingama-20–30 kuhlanganisa isimo esivamile, kanti udaka lwasemadolobheni olujwayelekile lunikeza cishe u-0.5–0.6 m³ we-biogas ngekhilogramu yezinto eziphilayo ezisusiwe. Uhlangothi lokugcina kufanele ligcinwe lisemkhathini: igesi igcinwa isembozo esiguquguqukayo kuma-kilopascal ambalwa kuphela nge-valve yokukhipha umoya kanye ne-flame arrestor, ngakho igobolondo le-digester kanye nohlelo lwegesi yizigaba zokuklama ezihlukene nakuba ziyisitshalo esisodwa.
Unyaka wokuqala wemboni ye-biogas ngokuvamile unqunywa yi-feedstock, hhayi i-digestor. Iphrojekthi eyasayina isivumelwano sayo sokuthengisa igesi phezu kwemfucuza eyathathwa njengefa ibe is ithola iphethini yesizini yomhlinzeki, ibanga lokuthutha ngeloli, noma ivele ithole ukuthi imfucuza ifika ngezinga elingamakholomu amabili kwezintathu kunalelo elicatshangelwa umthamo wethangi. Umsebenzi wonjiniyela kuleso simo akukhona ukukhulisa ithangi noma ukuxoxisana kabusha ngenkontileka, kodwa ukubeka ukulingana kwe-feedstock ephepheni: mangaki amathani ngosuku wani, kuma-total solids mani, alethwa kangaki, futhi agcinwa isikhathi esingakanani. Uma lokho kulingana sekungokoqobo, umthamo wethangi, isikhathi sokugcina kanye nokugcinwa kwegesi kulandela njengezibalo. Yileyo ndlela amaphrojekthi e-biogas yemfucuza ephilayo aqinisekisa ngayo i-feedstock ngaphandle kokuqagela. Uma ukulingana sekungokoqobo, umthamo wethangi, isikhathi sokugcina kanye nokugcinwa kwegesi kulandela njengezibalo. Ngokwezinto zokuthenga, indlela amaphrojekthi e-biogas yemfucuza ephilayo aqinisekisa ngayo i-feedstock iphendulwa yilokho kulingana okusemaphepheni, hhayi ngumthamo wethangi onqunywe ngaphambi kokuba umfudlana wemfucuza ulinganiswe.
Ukwakha Ibhalansi Yempahla Yokudla Kuqala
Itoni, izinto eziqinile zizonke kanye nephethini yokulethwa yizinombolo ezintathu isitshalo esikalwa ngazo. Qala ngomfula wemfucuza okhona kanye nokuqukethwe kwawo kwezinto ezomile: umfula wokucubungula ukudla ungafika ngamaphesenti angu-8–12 ezinto eziqinile zizonke, udaka lomasipala ngamaphesenti angu-3–5, insalela yezitshalo iphakeme kakhulu kodwa itholakala ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Phindaphinda itoni yansuku zonke ngezingxenye zezinto eziqinile zizonke ukuze uthole izinto eziqinile eziguquguqukayo ezikhona, ngoba umkhiqizo we-biogas uvezwa ngekhilogram yezinto eziqinile eziguquguqukayo ezikhishiwe. Bese uhlola iphethini yokulethwa: ipayipi eliqhubekayo lihluke ngokuphelele ekulethweni okukodwa ngesonto, futhi umehluko yilokho okufanele kumuncwe isitoreji sokulinganisa. Bhala konke lokhu kathathu ngaphambi komdwebo wethangi, ngoba umthamo wethangi kanye nohlelo lokondla yisinqumo esisodwa esibukwa kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili.
Umthamo We-Digester, Ukugcinwa kanye Nomkhiqizo
Isikhathi sokugcinwa siyinguquko yomklamo exhumanisa imfucuza negesi. Ekusebenzeni kwe-mesophilic phakathi kuka-35 no-38 °C, ukugcinwa kwe-hydraulic cishe kwezinsuku ezingama-20–30 kuyisisekelo esivamile semfucuza yasemadolobheni neyemboni, kanti izikhathi ezimfushane ziyenzeka lapho umthwalo uboliswa kalula futhi ezinde lapho okuqinile kunzima. Isivuno okufanele sihlelwe ngaso cishe singu-0.5–0.6 m³ we-biogas ngekhilogramu yezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo ezisusiwe odakeni lwasemadolobheni olujwayelekile, futhi cishe u-0.3–0.5 m³ we-methane ngekhilogramu yezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo ezisusiwe odakeni lwendle. Phindaphinda umthwalo wansuku zonke wezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo ngesikhathi sokugcinwa esikhethiwe ukuze uthole umthamo wokusebenza, bese wengeza i-freeboard nanoma yisiphi isikhala se-foam, i-scum nesihlabathi esihlalayo, ngoba i-digester egcwalisa i-scum ilahlekelwe isikhala sayo segesi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izinga layo loketshezi.
Ukugcinwa, Izembozo kanye Nomngcele Wengcindezi Yomoya
Gcina uhlangothi lwegesi kumakhilopaskali ambalwa futhi isitshalo sonke siba lula. I-digester ye-glass-fused-to-steel iyigobolondo lomoya; igesi ayicindezeli umkhumbi, ivuthela isembozo esiguquguqukayo noma isusa isigcini segesi, futhi ingcindezi igcinwa kumakhilopaskali ambalwa ngesisetshenziswa sokukhipha ingcindezi njengesivikelo. Yingakho isigatshana sesembozo sikufanele ukuba sibe sesicacisweni: ulwelwesi lwangaphandle olunolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwakha isikhala segesi, ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lukalwa ngencindezi yegesi ebizwa ngokuthi isekhulwini samakhilopaskali, kanti ivalvu yokuphepha yengcindezi kanye nesivimbeli somlilo kuvikela umngcele. Ukuxuba kungaphansi kwesigaba esifanayo, ngoba ngaphandle kokuxuba kwakheka ungqimba lwenhlaka phezulu futhi isihlabathi siwela phansi, kokubili okunciphisa umthamo osebenzisekayo futhi kungavimba ukuphuma kwegesi.
Ukucaciswa Kwezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Inothi |
Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza le-mesophilic | 35–38 °C | iwindi elijwayelekile lokugaya i-mesophilic |
Isikhathi sokugcinwa kwamanzi | izinsuku ezingama-20–30 | okujwayelekile kudoti wemvelo wasemadolobheni nasezimbonini |
Umkhiqizo we-biogas, udaka lwasemadolobheni | 0.5–0.6 m³/kg VS esusiwe | isisekelo sokuhlela sokukhiqiza igesi |
Umkhiqizo we-Methane, udaka lwendle | 0.3–0.5 m³ CH₄/kg VS esusiwe | kuncike ekuboleni |
Umngcele wengcindezi yegesi | kugcinwa kuma-kPa ambalwa | isembozo esiguquguqukayo, igobolondo lomkhathi |
Ukukhulula nokuvikela | ivalvu yokuphepha kwengcindezi, isicishamlilo | ukuvikelwa kohlangothi lwegesi |
Izinga lokushisa kokuncibilika koqweqwe lwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | ingilazi ehlanganiswe neqweqwe lethangi lensimbi |
Enamel layer thickness | 0.25–0.45 mm | kulinganiswe ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm² |
Ukulinganisa Izinqamuleli Zokugcina Ezizungeze I-Digester
Ukugcinwa kokudla, ukugcinwa kwe-digestate kanye nokugcinwa kwegesi yizibalo ezintathu ezihlukene. Ukugcinwa kokudla kuhlanganisa igebe phakathi kwendlela yokulethwa nokudla okuqhubekayo: umfudlana olethwa kabili ngesonto udinga isiqinisekiso esanele sokugcina i-digester iphakelwa ngempelasonto, kanye nesikhala sokuphazamiseka. Ukugcinwa kwe-digestate kulandela ikhalenda lokusabalalisa noma lokwelashwa, ngokuvamile izinyanga eziningi. Ukugcinwa kwegesi kulinganiswa ngezinga lokukhiqizwa kwegesi kanye nevolumu encane esebenzisekayo yekhava kunokuba kulinganiswe ngevolumu ye-digester, futhi okusele kuya ku-flare noma ku-boiler njengombuzo wokuthunyelwa. Ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lwamaphaneli luboshwe ngezibophelelo futhi amaphaneli athunyelwa eyisicaba, isiza singafaka i-digester eyodwa, siyisebenzise, bese sengeza umkhumbi wesibili njengoba isivumelwano sokuphakelwa sikhula, okuvame ukuba yindlela enobungozi obuphansi embonini encike esivumelwaneni sokuhlinzeka.
Icala Lomklamo
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ingxenye ye-anaerobic yamanzi angcolile emikhiqizweni kabhontshisi | I-Hebei, e-China | I-GFS digester + isembozo | ingxenye yenqubo ye-anaerobic | ukuhlinzeka + ukuhlanganisa inqubo |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile okupheka utshwala | I-Sichuan, e-China | Ithangi le-GFS | 14,655 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + usizo lokwakha |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini | I-Xinjiang, e-China | Ithangi le-GFS | 30,469 m³ emathangini angama-27 | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile kamasipala | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 17,420 m³ emathangini angu-10 | ukuhlinzeka + ukusekela ukusebenza |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngezibophezelo. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Emsebenzini we-anaerobic ne-biogas lokhu kuhlanganisa igobolondo le-digester, ukuhlanganiswa kophahla lwe-membrane olungavumeli igesi ukungena kanye nomngcele wengcindezi we-kilopascal ochazwe ngenhla, kanye nokuxuba nokusabalalisa okuphakelayo okukhusela umthamo wegesi osebenzisekayo esikhathini sokugcinwa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yini enquma ukuthi iphrojekthi inokudla okwanele?
A1: Umthwalo wansuku zonke wezinto eziqinile eziguquguqukayo ngokumelene nevolumu yokusebenza kwesigcini sokubola kanye nesikhathi sokugcina esikhethiwe. Uma imfucuza iletha ngaphansi kwalokho okucatshangelwa ukubalwa kwesikhathi sokugcina, isitshalo sikhulu ngokweqile futhi isibikezelo segesi ngeke sifezeke.
Q2: Isikhathi sokugcina sini okufanele sihlelwe?
A2: Cishe izinsuku ezingama-20–30 zokusebenza kwe-mesophilic ku-35–38 °C emfucuzeni evamile kamasipala nezimboni eziphilayo. Izikhathi ezimfushane ziyenzeka emithwalweni ebolayo kakhulu, izikhathi ezinde lapho izinto eziqinile kunzima ukuzihlukanisa nge-hydrolysis.
Q3: Isigcini sokubola sisetshenziswa kanjani mayelana nengcindezi?
A3: Ezingeni lomoya womhlaba. Isembozo esiguquguqukayo sibamba igesi kumakhilopaskali ambalwa, kanti i-valve yokuphepha kwengcindezi kanye ne-flame arrestor kuvikela umngcele; ugobolondo ngokwalo alulokothi luthathwe njengomkhumbi wengcindezi.
Q4: Yini okufanele yenziwe isembozo?
A4: Yakha umngcele oguquguqukayo ongenawo umoya ngaphezu koketshezi, gcina ingcindezi eshiwoyo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-nominal pressure esezingeni eliphansi le-kilopascal, dlulisa umthwalo womoya neqhwa kuqweqwe, futhi uhambisane nomoya wegesi nanoma yikuphi ukususwa kwesulfure okuphansi.
Q5: Ingabe i-hydrogen sulphide iyinkinga yethangi?
A5: I-enamel ibekezelela izimo ze-sulphide kahle ngaphakathi kwe-pH 1–14, futhi indawo ebushelelezi ibamba i-biofilm encane. Ukususwa kwe-H₂S kuwumbuzo wokwelashwa kwegesi okulandela, kusetshenziswa i-ferric chloride noma ukususwa kwesulfure okomile ukuvikela injini noma ibhoyila.
Q6: Ingabe isitshalo kufanele sibhekane kanjani nokushoda kwe-feedstock?
A6: Engeza isitsha sesibili esihambisana nayo noma wandise ukugcinwa kwesitsha esikhona kunokuba usebenzise isitshalo ngaphansi kwezinga lalo lokuhamba, ngoba i-digester enikezwa ngaphansi komthwalo wayo ivele ikhiqize igesi encane. Amagobolondo aboshiwe enza ukuthi inketho ehambisanayo isebenze.
Q7: Yikuphi ukuhlolwa okubalulekile eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu?
A7: Isimo se-membrane yokumboza nokubambelela, i-torque yebhawudi ngemuva kokugcwaliswa kokuqala nangemuva konyaka wokuqala, amagiya okuxuba nokujula kwesendlalelo se-scum, izinto zokukhipha igesi nezokukhulula, kanye nokuhlola okubonakalayo kwendawo yangaphakathi ye-enamel ngesikhathi sokumiswa ngakunye.
I-Feedstock security iyisibalo esenziwa ngaphambi kwe-oda lethangi: amathani ansuku zonke, i-total solids, umthwalo we-volatile solids, iphethini yokulethwa, isikhathi sokugcinwa kanye nomkhiqizo wegesi konke kuhlangene kuchaza umthamo we-digester kanye namabhafa azungezile. Ukusebenza kwe-Mesophilic ku-35–38 °C ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwezinsuku ezingama-20–30 kanye nomkhiqizo ocishile ku-0.5–0.6 m³ ngekhilogramu ye-volatile solids esusiwe kuyisisekelo sokuhlela esivamile, futhi isikhala segesi esigcinwa kumakilopascal ambalwa sigcina igobolondo lilula kanye nobubanzi bokuphepha buqondile. Lapho inkontileka yokuhlinzeka ivuma khona, faka umkhumbi owodwa bese wengeza owesibili njengoba umsinga wemfucuza uvikelekile. Thumela i-inventri ye-feedstock kanye nephethini yokulethwa, futhi umthamo wemboni uyalandela.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela imifudlana yemfucuza etholakalayo enesisindo samathani kanye nezinto eziqinile zizonke, indlela yokulethwa kanye nesizini, umkhiqizo wegesi odingekayo noma amandla okushintsha, isimo sezulu sendawo kanye nendawo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokugcina kwegesi. Ithimba lobunjiniyela lizobuyisela isincomo somthamo we-digester kanye nokugcinwa, ukulinganiswa kwesitoreji sokuphakelayo kanye ne-digestate, isiphakamiso sekhava kanye nomngcele wengcindezi kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-relief ne-arrestor, ukuxutshwa kanye nokuhlelwa kokukhishwa kwegesi, kanye nohlelo lokulethwa ngezigaba. Lapho enye into yegobolondo ifaneleka kangcono kule nqubo, leyo nketho iyashiwo kanye nesizathu.
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