Amathangi Okugcina Uketshezi E-GFS Esebenza Kahle Kakhulu Okuphathwa Kwamanzi Angcolile Amakhemikhali
Kwadalwa ngo 03.11
Amathangi Okugcina Amanzi E-GFS Esezingeni Eliphezulu Okulawula Amanzi Angcolile Amakhemikhali
Amathangi okugcina uketshezi e-Glass-fused-to-steel ayimpendulo esebenzayo yamanzi angcolile amakhemikhali ngoba indawo ye-enamel ayisebenzi kulo lonke uhla lwe-pH 1 kuya ku-14, ayikhiphi ama-ion ensimbi, futhi ihlala imijikelezo ehlukahlukene ye-asidi ne-caustic ekhipha izinto zokumboza ezisetshenzisiwe. Ithangi liwukuhlanganiswa okuboshiwe kwamaphaneli ensimbi ehlanganiswe nge-enamel asetshenziswa efekthri ashiswa ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, anongqimba lwe-enamel olungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm oluhlolwa nge-spark nge-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Okwehlulayo emsebenzini akusiyo i-enamel ngokwayo kodwa amajoyinti, ama-gasket, nokuhla kwesisekelo okufaka igobolondo eliboshiwe ekusontekisweni kwejiyometri. Chaza ukujiya kwephaneli, into ye-gasket, uhlobo lophahla, nokuvikelwa kwe-cathodic kusenesikhathi, futhi impahla yakho yokugcina izophila isikhathi eside kunomugqa wokwelapha ewusebenzelayo.
I-chemical wastewater stream iwuketshezi olunzima kakhulu okungacelwa ukuthi isitshalo sokugcina silugcine. Ukwakheka kwayo kuyashintsha phakathi kwama-batch, i-pH iyashintsha isuka ku-tanker ye-acidic purge iye ku-caustic washdown, ama-chloride angena namanzi e-process, kanti i-sulfide iphuma ku-equilization tank ngesikhathi esingalawulwa ngokuphelele muntu. Unjiniyela wesitshalo ohlela lo msebenzi uvamise ukuqala ngombuzo ongalungile, okungukuthi ukuthi ingabe i-thin-film coating izohlala iminyaka emihlanu. Umbuzo ongcono ukuthi indawo yokugcina yenzani ngonyaka weshumi nanhlanu, ngemva kokuba i-coating isilungiswe kabili futhi isitshalo sesishintshe izinqubo noma kunjalo. I-high performance glass-fused-to-steel liquid storage tank iphendula lowo mbuzo ngempahla eyingxenye yensimbi kunokuba ipendwe phezu kwayo, okushintsha indlela yonke impahla ecaciswa ngayo, ilethwe, futhi ihlolwe ngayo. Ekugcineni, ama-high performance gfs liquid storage tanks okulawulwa kwe-chemical wastewater ahlulelwa ngokuthi ingaphakathi lisaqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nesimiso ngemva kweshumi leminyaka lokuhlukunyezwa kwe-batch-to-batch, hhayi ngepaneli ababethunyelwe nayo.
I-Enamel eboshwe ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kunokumboza
I-enamel nensimbi kuba yinto eyodwa esithandweni, ngakho indlela yokwehluleka iyashintsha. I-fusion bonded epoxy noma uhlelo lukapende olusetshenzisiwe luhlala phezu kwesisekelo futhi lwehluleka ngokulahlekelwa ukunamathela: amanzi angena ngaphansi kwefilimu, kwakheka ibhamuza, futhi indawo ehlukanisiwe isakazeka ngaphansi kwesembozo esiphelele. I-enamel yenza okuhlukile. I-glass frit isetshenziswa ku-prime coat epaneli yensimbi bese ishiselwa ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, okuthambisa i-frit futhi iyifake esakhiweni sangaphezulu sensimbi. Umphumela uwungqimba lwengilazi oluqhubekayo olungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm olungakwazi ukuxebuka njengefilimu ngoba alunalo unqenqema lwefilimu. Isilinganiso salolu ngqimba singaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², futhi ukuqedwa ngokuvamile kugcinwa ngaphansi kwe-Ra 0.8 µm, ngakho indawo oyihlanzayo yindawo oyicacisile.
Lokho kungasebenzi yikho okwenza ithangi lithembeke ekuphathweni kwamanzi angcolile amakhemikhali. Kulo lonke izinga le-pH 1 kuye ku-14, indawo ye-enamel ayigqwali futhi ayinikeli ama-ion ensimbi athulisa ngokuthule isigaba sebhayoloji esilandelayo. Embonini enethangi lokulinganisa ngaphambi kohlelo lokwelashwa kwebhayoloji, lowo mehluko awuyona into yokuhlobisa: insimbi encibilikile noma ithusi ephuma egobolondweni eligqwalayo ingacindezela i-nitrification amasonto, futhi umqhubi uzochitha isikhathi eside efuna imbangela endaweni engalungile. Umqondo ofanayo usebenza emifudlaneni ene-chloride, lapho ukugqwalwa kwensimbi engenalutho noma evikelwe kancane kuyinto evamile yokwehluleka futhi i-enamel ayigqwali.
Amajoyinti, hhayi amaphaneli, anquma isikhathi sokusebenza
Ukuxhunywa ngamabhawudi kanye nokukhethwa kwe-gasket yilapho le mpahla inqotshwa noma ilahlekelwa khona. Amaphaneli ahlanganiswe efektri afika njengamaphakethe ayisicaba angaba ngu-1.2 m ububanzi, ngokuvamile abe ngu-3 kuya ku-12 mm ubukhulu ngokwakhiwa, futhi ahlanganiswa endaweni ngamabhawudi ezinga le-8.8 kanye ne-gasket ehlezi emlonyeni wephaneli. Impahla ye-gasket kufanele ikhethwe ngokuhambisana namakhemikhali wangempela omgudu, hhayi ngokwengaphakathi kwethangi: i-EPDM ibamba uhla olubanzi lwe-hydroxide namanzi, kuyilapho i-gasket ye-fluorocarbon noma i-PTFE-envelope iyisinqumo esiphephile lapho ama-hydrocarbon, ama-solvent, noma ukushintsha kwe-pH okubanzi kuvela ku-header efanayo. Uma lokhu kwenziwa kabi uzobona ukuvuza ku-flange hhayi ukwehluleka kwe-coating, okubonakala njengenkinga encane kuze kube yilapho umkhondo wokuvuza udla indandatho yesisekelo.
Ukunyakaza kwesisekelo kuyingozi yesibili ehlanganyelwe. Igobolondo eliboshiwe liqinile ngokwanele ukuthi lingakwazi ukweqa i-ring beam eyakhiwe kahle futhi libekezelele ukuhla okuncane, kodwa alikwazi ukubekezelela ukuhla okuhlukene okusonta igobolondo lisuke eqinisweni. Umthetho osebenzayo yi-ring beam yekhonkrithi eqinisiwe enombhede wokulinganisa, ama-anchor bolts akhiwe ngokwephethini lamaphaneli, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-ring eqediwe ngaphambi kokuba iphaneli yokuqala inyuke. Izitshalo ezingakwenzi ukuhlolwa zivame ukubika ukuxhumana okungeke kuvaleke ngemuva komugqa wesithathu, futhi isixazululo ukulinganisa kabusha esikhundleni sethangi elisha.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Inothi |
Izinga lokuncibilika | 820–930 °C | I-enamel frit ehlanganiswe engxenyeni yensimbi |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ungqimba lwengilazi oluqhubekayo, hhayi ukumboza ngefilimu |
Amandla ongqimba lwe-enamel | ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² | Imelana nokushaqeka kokushisa nokomshini |
Ukutholwa kokuvuza | Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi ye-1500 V DC | Ukuhlolwa kweholide yephaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | Ra < 0.8 µm | Iyahlanzeka, ayinakungcola kangako ekusebenziseni izinto eziphilayo |
Ukumelana ne-pH | 1 kuya ku-14 | Ihlanganisa ukuhlanza okune-asidi nokugeza nge-caustic |
Ububanzi bephaneli / ukujiya | ~1.2 m / 3–12 mm ngokwakhiwa | Ukulungiswa kwasefektri, ukulethwa okucaba |
Izinga lebhawodi | 8.8 | Ukuhlanganiswa okuboshiwe, okubuyiselekayo futhi okunwetshwayo |
Isikhathi sokuphila | Iminyaka engu-30+ | Ngokuhlolwa okuhleliwe nokuvuselelwa kwe-gasket |
Amazinga asebenzayo / isitifiketi | ISO 9001, ISO 45001, NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, EN 1090, ISO 28765, FM, AWWA D103-09 | Ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa lapho uhlelo ludinga khona |
Ukukhetha ithangi ngokuhambisana nokugeleza kwangempela, hhayi isilinganiso
Amanzi angcolile amakhemikhali awumfula oguquguqukayo, ngakho ithangi kufanele licaciswe esimweni sesikhashana. Qala ngokuphuma kwe-pH okubi kakhulu okurekhodiwe unyaka wonke, hhayi isilinganiso sanyanga zonke, futhi hlola ukuthi lokho kuphuma kwesikhashana noma kuqhubeka yini. Amapulse ane-asidi amafushane aphathwa kahle nge-enamel; ukusebenza okuqhubekayo emikhawulweni eseduze kusafuna uphahla oluhlukanisa indawo yomhwamuko kanye nendlela yokungenisa umoya engavumeli i-asidi ukuba ijike ibe umhwamuko ezindongeni zangaphakathi. Okulandelayo, linganisa izinto eziqinile: umfula ogxisha isihlabathi noma amakristalu uzokwakha umbhede ohlikihlayo phansi, yingakho amathangi okugcina uketshezi e-GFS asezingeni eliphezulu okuphathwa kwamanzi angcolile amakhemikhali ngokuvamile acaciswa ngokuthambeka okuya endaweni yokukhipha esikhundleni sephansi elisicaba nendawo eyodwa yokukhipha emaphakathi.
Isikhala somhwamuko sifanele ukucaciswa saso. Uma umfudlana ukhiqiza umhwamuko ovuthayo, ukuhlelwa kophahla okubhekiselwe ku-OSHA naku-NFPA okunezinqamuleli zomlilo nokukhipha umoya okufanele kuyisiqalo. Uma ukhiqiza i-hydrogen sulfide, ukulawulwa kwephunga nokugqwala kwesitaki sokukhipha umoya kuba yinkinga yangempela, futhi uphahla lwe-membrane olungavuzi umoya noma uhlelo olumboziwe oluxhunywe ku-scrubber kufanele ukubiza okwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, linganisa umthamo wesikhashana: isitoreji sokulinganisa kufanele sihlanganise ukuphazamiseka okude okulindelekile, okuzimboni eziningi zamakhemikhali okuwukushintshwa kwethangi lokuhlinzeka noma ukuhlanza nge-batch, hhayi ukugeleza okuklanyelwe.
Ukulethwa, ukuhlola, kanye nalokho umthengi okufanele akufune
Ithangi le-GFS eliboshwe ngamabhawudi lifika njengekhithi, futhi uhlelo lokuhlola kufanele lubhalwe ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Amaphaneli ahlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC efektri, ngakho umthengi kufanele afune ilogi yokuhlola yamaphaneli anezinombolo zokulandelana, izitifiketi zomshini zensimbi, kanye nokuhlonzwa kweqoqo lamagaskethi. Esizeni, ukuhlola okubaluleke kakhulu kwenzeka ngemva kokuba ugobolondo lufakiwe kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uphahla lufakwe: i-torque yamabhawudi ngendlela ehlongozwa umkhiqizi, ukuqhubeka kokuhlala kwamagaskethi kuwo wonke amajoyinti amile nawezingqimba, kanye nokuhlola kokugcina kwezinga kulo lonke iringi. Ngemva kokuqaliswa kokusebenza, isikhathi esiwusizo ukuhamba ngokubona minyaka yonke ngokuhlola okulula kwendlela yokuvuza, kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwamagaskethi ngesikhathi esifanayo isitshalo esisisebenzisayo kwezinye izivalo zaso ezibalulekile.
Ngokokusebenza, ithangi kufanele lisethwe ukuze phansi kungahlolwa ngaphandle kokukhipha umsebenzi echibini lesikhashana: umugqa wokukhipha olinganiswe izinto eziqinile ezihlala phansi, umgwaqo womuntu osezingeni eliphansi, nendawo yokubeka evumela ukuthi ithangi lesibili lakhiwe ngesikhathi elokuqala lisasebenza. Lelo phuzu lokugcina yingakho ifomethi eboshiwe izuza izindleko zayo ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali. Umthamo unganwetshwa ngokwengeza amaphaneli noma ngokwengeza ithangi lesibili eceleni, futhi amathuluzi afanayo akha igobolondo lokuqala akha nesandiso.
Ikhasi Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini | Zhejiang, China | Ithangi elihlanganisiwe lensimbi nezingilazi eliboshiwe | 11,613 m³ | Igobolondo le-GFS elikhulu lobubanzi lenkonzo yamanzi angcolile amakhemikhali |
Inqwaba yamanzi angcolile ezimbonini | Xinjiang, China | Amathangi ahlanganiswe ngengilazi nensimbi aboshwe ngezibuliti | 30,469 m³ (amayunithi angu-27) | Iphakethe lamathangi amaningi elinokuhlinzeka ngenqwaba nokuhlanganiswa endaweni |
I-Pharmaceutical epoxy-coated | Hebei, China | Ithangi lensimbi le-fusion bonded epoxy | 32,363 m³ | Enye indlela emboziwe lapho i-enamel yayingeyona ingaphakathi elicacisiwe |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela Le-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Kumsebenzi wamanzi angcolile amakhemikhali lokhu kusho ukuthi ikhemistri ye-enamel, ukukhethwa kwe-gasket, kanye nohlelo lokuhlola amajoyinti kucaciswa ndawonye, ngakho-ke ingaphakathi elifika embonini yingaphakathi elalishiwo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ithangi le-glass-fused-to-steel lifanele amanzi angcolile amakhemikhali anolaka?
Impendulo 1: Yebo, emisindweni eminingi yamakhemikhali asemanzini. Ungqimba lwe-enamel alunacala ku-pH 1 kuya ku-14 futhi alukhiphi ama-ion ensimbi, okubalulekile lapho isigaba se-biological esilandelayo sizwela khona izinsimbi ezisindayo. Imisindo equkethe i-hydrofluoric acid egxilile noma i-caustic eshisayo egxilile ekugcineni okwedlulele kwezinga kufanele ibuyekezwe icala ngecala ngokumelene nohlelo lwe-enamel olucacisiwe.
Umbuzo 2: Ithangi le-GFS lihluke kanjani kuthangi le-fusion bonded epoxy?
A2: Kokubili kuyizithiyo zokugqwala ezifakwe efektri esicelweni, kodwa i-enamel ihlanganiswa nesisekelo ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C futhi ingu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm ubukhulu, kanti i-fusion bonded epoxy iyifilimu yempuphu engu-180 kuya ku-280 µm elashwa kusuka ekufafazeni kwe-electrostatic. I-epoxy ivamise ukuba yikho okukhethwayo okuqondile emanzini aphuzwayo nasekuvinjelweni kokuvuza, kanti i-enamel ivamise ukuba yimpendulo yokuphila isikhathi eside ekusebenzeni okunolaka, okuguquguqukayo kwe-pH.
Q3: Yikuphi umthamo i-tanki ye-GFS eboshiwe engafinyelela kuwo wokugcina amanzi angcolile?
A3: Amayunithi angawodwa anikezwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³ ebangeni lomkhiqizo ojwayelekile, futhi iningi lokugcinwa kwezitshalo zamakhemikhali kunikezwa njengamathangi amaningi ahambisanayo kunomkhumbi owodwa omkhulu. Ukusebenza ngokuhambisana nakho kunikeza isitshalo indlela yokulungisa: ithangi elilodwa lingakhishwa emsebenzini kuyilapho amanye ebamba umfudlana.
Q4: Ingabe uqweqwe lwengilazi lungaqhephuka noma luxebuke lapho lusetshenziswa?
A1: Uqweqwe lwengilazi lungaqhephuka emaphethelweni okusikwa uma iphaneli ilimala ngesikhathi siphathwa, futhi ukuxebuka kwenzeka lapho insimbi engaphansi igqwala isuka ngemuva kwengilazi. Zombili lezi zimo zokwehluleka zilawulwa ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi kwasefektri ngo-1500 V DC, ukuvikelwa okufanele komphetho ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa, kanye nesisekelo esingasonti igobolondo.
Q5: Ingabe amathangi amanzi angcolile amakhemikhali angandiswa kamuva?
A1: Yebo. Amathangi e-GFS aboshwe ngezibophezelo ayakwazi ukuguqulwa ngokwakhiwa kwawo. Umthamo unganyuswa ngokwengeza amaphaneli egobolondweni elikhona noma ngokufaka ithangi lesibili eceleni, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi afanayo amaphaneli kanye nohlelo lwama-gasket njengalokho okwathunyelwa ekuqaleni.
Q6: Yiziphi izitifiketi ezisebenzayo zokugcinwa koketshezi emanzini okusetshenziswa enqubweni?
A1: Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM ne-BSCI, kanti ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona. Isethi yesitifiketi ebalulekile yileyo ehambisana noketshezi lwakho kanye nesiphathimandla sakho, ngakho-ke qinisekisa uhlu oludingekayo ngaphambi kokuba umyalo ufakwe.
Amathangi okugcina e-GFS asebenza kahle kakhulu okulawulwa kwamanzi angcolile amakhemikhali athola ukucaciswa kwawo ngoba umgoqo wokugqwala uyisakhiwo hhayi umhlobiso. I-enamel ihlanganiswa nensimbi ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, ibamba ngaphezu kwe-3,450 N/cm², ihlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC, futhi ihlala ingasebenzi kulo lonke uhla lwe-pH 1 kuya ku-14 oluchaza imisinga eminingi yamakhemikhali. Okunquma ukuthi leyo mpahla ifinyelela iminyaka engamashumi amathathu akusona isithando somlilo kodwa ukucaciswa: into yegasketi ekhethwe ngokumelene namakhemikhali angempela, i-ring beam egcina igobolondo liqondile, uphahla olusingatha umhwamuko nephunga, kanye nohlelo lokuhlola olubhalwe ngaphambi kokuba iphaneli yokuqala ithunyelwe. Uma umsinga wakho ushintsha, indawo yakho yokugcina kufanele icaciselwe ukushintsha.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele ukwakheka komfula kanye nobubanzi be-pH kanye nobude besikhathi sokuphazamiseka, okuqukethwe okuqinile, umthamo wokugcina odingekayo kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesikhashana, kanye nezidingo zophahla nokukhipha umoya. Sizobuya nokuhlelwa kwethangi, ukukhethwa kwephaneli ne-gasket kukhemistri yakho, iphakethe lokulethwa, kanye nobubanzi bokuhlola obuvikela impahla.
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