Amathangi Okugcina Indle Yendle Yekhwalithi Ephezulu Ye-GFS Okusetshenziselwa Umsebenzi Kamasipala Nezimboni
Kwadalwa ngo 09.02
Amathangi E-GFS Okugcina Indle Ekhwalithi Enhle Okusetshenziswa Kamasipala Nezimboni
Izinga elihle lamathangi okugcina indlezi e-GFS lichazwa yimiphumela emine elinganisekayo: i-enamel ehlanganiswe nensimbi ku-820–930 °C, ungqimba lwe-enamel olungu-0.25–0.45 mm olukalwa ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm², ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC kuzo zonke izingxenye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, kanye nendawo emanzi eqediwe engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra. Lezo zinombolo zinquma ukuthi igobolondo liyasinda yini ku-hydrogen sulphide, imithwalo ye-septic kanye nemijikelezo yokuhlanza phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amathathu yokuphila okuklanyelwe. Ikhwalithi kulo mkhiqizo iyisici sasefektri, ngakho-ke imigomo yokwamukela kufanele ibe sesicelweni, hhayi embikweni wokuhlolwa kwethangi ngemuva kokusebenza.
Ukugcinwa kwendle kubuye kube nomkhuba wokuveza amathangi abuthakathaka kusenesikhathi. Indawo engaphezulu komgudu wendle igcwele i-hydrogen sulphide, uketshezi luyashintsha nge-pH, futhi ithangi lihlala endaweni ehlala ihla kancane; phakathi neminyaka embalwa igobolondo elenziwe kabi likhombisa ukugqwala ezimbotsheni zama-bolt, i-lining evuvukala emgqeni wamanzi, noma ukuhlangana okukhipha amanzi njalo lapho izinga lehla. Umsebenzisi ke uthola ukuthi "ikhwalithi enhle" ayikaze ichazwe enkontilekeni, kwacatshangwa nje. Ukuyichaza ngezinombolo esigabeni semibuzo akubizi lutho futhi kuvimbela ukwehluleka okuvame kakhulu. Ithangi lokugcina indle le-GFS elakhiwe ngokucaciswa kwe-enamel elishiwo linikeza umsebenzisi igobolondo impilo yalo esele ingabikezelwa kunokuba iphikiswe.
Okushiwo Ikhwalithi Kuphaneli Ye-Enamel Ehlanganisiwe
Ubukhulu be-enamel kanye nezinga lokushisa lokuhlangana kusetha umngcele wokwehluleka. Ithangi lokugcina indleziwe le-GFS lekhwalithi liphuma ngephaneli yensimbi ethwala ungqimba lwe-vitreous enamel olushiswe ku-820–930 °C, ngakho ingilazi nensimbi kuyinto eyodwa futhi akukho ngqimba lwenamathiselo ukuze uketshezi olungena ngaphansi lukwazi ukuhlasela futhi luphakamise. Ungqimba lwe-enamel luhamba ku-0.25–0.45 mm futhi lukalwa ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm² ekugobeni nasekucindezelweni, okuyikho okwenza iphaneli efanayo ithwale umthwalo wamanzi kanye nokushaywa kwemishini emsebenzini wokuhlola. Izindlela ezimbili zokwehluleka okufanele zilawulwe ukwakheka kwezimbobo ezincane ezivela ekuhlaselweni kwamakhemikhali endaweni ethile kanye nokuqhekeka emaphethelweni okusikwa kwephaneli, futhi zombili izinto zokukhiqiza: ukuqedwa komphetho kwenziwa efektri, futhi ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi ye-1500 V DC okwenziwa kuwo wonke amaphaneli ukuhlola ukuthi akukho holiday eliphume efektri.
I-Hydrogen Sulphide kanye Nengqamuzana Yendle
I-Sulphide iyisizathu esenza amathangi endlayo acaciswe ngendlela ehlukile kunamathangi amanzi. Umfudlana we-septic ukhiqiza i-hydrogen sulphide endaweni engaphezulu futhi uncibilikise i-sulphide oketshezini, futhi kokubili kuhlasela ngamandla insimbi ye-carbon steel engenalutho kuyilapho futhi kuqhubela phambili ukugqwala kwanoma yiluphi uqwembe lwe-organic olusuka ngaphakathi. I-enamel ehlanganisiwe ibekezelela izimo ezincishisiwe kahle ngaphakathi kwe-envelope yayo ye-pH 1–14, futhi ukuqedwa okungaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra kunikeza amabhaktheriya akha i-sulphide indawo encane yokuhlala, okunciphisa futhi iphunga okufanele liphathwe yisitshalo. Lapho umsebenzi wokugcina uphakela isigaba se-anaerobic, iwindi lokusebenza le-mesophilic kanye nomngcele wengcindezi yegesi kungokwe-digester nesembozo sayo, esisebenza ngamakhilopascal ambalwa kuphela; amathangi okugcina asemsebenzini ofanayo ahlala esemkhathini wonke.
Amajoyinti, Amabhawudi kanye Nezinga Lokwakha Esizeni
Ijoyinti yilapho iphaneli enhle iba yithangi elihle. Amaphaneli acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi avalwa ngamabhawodi ebanga lika-8.8 kanye ne-EPDM gasket, futhi umbuzo wekhwalithi ukuthi ingabe amanani e-torque afakwa futhi aqoshwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa esikhundleni sokulinganiswa ngeso. Ijoyinti elibhawodiwe eline-torque engaphansi livuza ekuqaleni kokwehla kwezinga, kanti eline-torque eningi kakhulu lihlanekezela umzila we-gasket; kokubili kutholakala ekugcwalisweni kokuqala. Isisekelo sibalulekile ngendlela efanayo: i-concrete ring beam eboshelwe emhlabathini ngokuhlukaniswa kokuhlala okulawulwa kumdwebo wokuhlanganisa igcina amajoyinti abhawodiwe engaguquki, ngakho-ke i-ring beam kufanele icaciswe ngomkhawulo wayo wokuhlala obhaliwe futhi uqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba iphaneli yokuqala ikhwezwe.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokuncibilika kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi ekushiseni okukodwa |
Ukujiya kwesendlalelo se-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | isilinganiso sokukhululwa ngephaneli ngayinye |
Amandla e-enamel | ≥ 3450 N/cm² | isilinganiso sokugoba nokucindezelwa |
Ukutholwa kwe-Holiday | Ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC | iphaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | Ra < 0.8 µm | i-biofilm encane kanye ne-scaling, kulula ukugeza |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | ngaphakathi komsebenzi wendle oshiwo |
ukubekezelela i-pH | 1–14 | umfudlana wendle ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali okuthambisa |
Izibophelelo | amabhawodi ezinga 8.8, i-EPDM gasket | kuyasetshenziswa kabusha, i-torque irekhodwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa |
Ungayiqinisekisa Kanjani Ikhwalithi Oyithengile
Ukwamukelwa kuyidokhumenti ebuyekezwayo kanye nokuhlolwa okubonakalayo. Ngaphambi kokuba ithangi ligcwaliswe, isitshalo kufanele sibe nezitifiketi ze-panel mill, izilinganiso zobukhulu be-enamel, amarekhodi okuhlolwa kwe-spark ahambisana nezinombolo zama-panel, izinga lamabhawodi kanye namarekhodi e-torque, ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle kwe-coating, kanye nemidwebo ye-anchorage kanye nesisekelo. Ngemuva kokuqaliswa, isikhathi sokuhlola sifushane futhi sicacile: ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi okubonakalayo ngesikhathi sokuvalwa ngakunye, ukuhlolwa kwe-torque ngemuva kokugcwaliswa kokuqala futhi futhi ngemuva konyaka wokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke kokuqedwa kwangaphandle kanye nokudonswa kwamanzi e-annulus, kanye nokuhlolwa kabusha kwe-spark kunoma yiliphi iphaneli elikhishwe ngesikhathi sokulungiswa. Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu iyimpilo yokuklama, futhi uhlelo lokuhlola yilona oluyigcina iyiqiniso kunokuba nje ishiwo.
Isimo Somsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini | Xinjiang, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 30,469 m³ emathangini angama-27 | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lokugcina indle | Zhejiang, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 11,613 m³ (φ24.45 m × 19.8 m) | ukuhlinzeka + usizo lokwakha |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile kamasipala | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 17,420 m³ emathangini angama-10 | ukuhlinzeka + ukusekela ukusebenza |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile asendaweni yokulahla udoti | eBeijing, eChina | Ithangi le-GFS | 9,682 m³ (φ16.23 m × 23.4 m × 2) | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ane-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ekugcinweni kwendle, ikhono lihlala njengokukhethwa kwekhemistri ye-enamel ngokumelene nephrofayili ye-sulphide ne-pH elinganisiwe, ubufakazi bokuhlolwa kwe-spark iphaneli ngephaneli bugcinwa efayeleni lempahla, kanye nendlela ejwayelekile ye-torque ne-anchorage ebhalwe endleleni yokumisa ukuze ikhwalithi yokuhlangana iqoshwe kunokuba icatshangwe.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yini eyenza ithangi le-GFS libe sekhwalithini enhle empeleni?
A1: Imiphumela emine elingekayo: i-enamel eshiselwe ku-820–930 °C, ungqimba lwe-0.25–0.45 mm olukalwa ngaphezu kwe-3450 N/cm², ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC kuwo wonke amaphaneli, kanye nendawo emanzi engaphansi kwe-0.8 µm Ra. Uma umhlinzeki ekwazi ukukhiqiza amarekhodi, ithangi lichazwa; uma engakwazi, ikhwalithi iyisifiso nje.
Q2: I-hydrogen sulphide ilithinta kanjani ithangi?
A2: I-enamel ibekezelela izimo ze-sulphide encishisiwe kahle ngaphakathi kwe-pH 1–14, futhi indawo ebushelelezi ibamba i-biofilm encane lapho amagciwane akha i-sulphide ehlala khona. Igesi iyindaba yokungenisa umoya nokulawula iphunga elandelayo, okusingathwa endaweni yokukhipha umoya nasekuhlanzeni igesi, hhayi ngokushintsha iphaneli.
Q3: Ingabe ithangi linomfutho okalwe ngegesi ye-digester?
A3: Cha. Ithangi lokugcina indle lase-GFS lisezingeni lomoya noma lomfutho ophansi. Noma iyiphi indawo yekhanda le-digester igcinwa kumakhilopascal ambalwa kuphela futhi imbozwa isembozo se-digester nokukhululeka kwaso, kuyilapho amathangi okugcina ehlala esezingeni lomoya.
Umbuzo 4: Yisiphi isisekelo esidingekayo ukuze kutholakale umphumela omuhle?
Impendulo 4: Indandatho kakhonkolo enokugxilwa okushumekiwe kanye nomkhawulo wokuhlukana kokuhlala okushiwo, okuqinisekiswa ngaphambi kokuba iphaneli yokuqala imiswe. Ukuhlala okungalingani yisona sizathu esivame kakhulu sokuthi ukuhlangana okuboshiwe kungene ekugobeni futhi kuvuze.
Umbuzo 5: Ikhwalithi ihlolwa kanjani ekwamukelweni?
Impendulo 5: Izitifiketi zomshini wamaphaneli, ukujiya kwe-enamel kanye namarekhodi okuhlolwa kwe-spark okuxhunywe ezinombolweni zamaphaneli, izinga lamabhawodi kanye namarekhodi e-torque, ukuhlolwa kwengubo yangaphandle, kanye nemidwebo yesisekelo nokuhlanganisa. Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kube sekuqinisekisa ukuthi ithangi lakhiwe ngokwemidwebo.
Umbuzo 6: Isikhathi sokuhlola phakathi kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu siyini?
A6: Ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi okubonakalayo ekucishweni konke, ukuhlolwa kwe-torque ngemuva kokugcwaliswa kokuqala nangemuva konyaka wokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle kwaminyaka yonke kanye nokuhlolwa kokudonsa kwamanzi e-annulus, kanye nokuhlolwa kabusha kwe-spark kunoma yiliphi iphaneli elikhishiwe futhi labuyiselwa.
Q7: Ingabe ithangi lingandiswa noma linyakaziswe?
A7: Yebo. Amaphaneli aboshiwe avumela izifundo ezengeziwe noma ithangi elihambisanayo, ngokuya ngokuqinisekisa i-ring beam; futhi ngenxa yokuthi igobolondo liboshiwe hhayi lishiselwe, lingahlakazwa futhi limiswe kabusha kwenye indawo, okuyinto ithangi likakhonkolo noma elishiselwe lingakwazi ukuyenza.
Ikhwalithi enhle ethangini lokugcina indle lokhu okuyimpahla yasefekthri eba sobala kusethi yemibhalo: izinga lokushisa elichaziwe lokushisa, ububanzi bogqinsi lwe-enamel, izinga lamandla, ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi kwephaneli ngayinye kanye nenani lokuqedwa. Lezo zinombolo zinquma ukuthi ithangi liziphatha kanjani uma libhekene ne-hydrogen sulphide, ukushintsha kwe-pH kanye nokuhlala kwesizinda, futhi zinquma ukuthi impilo yokuklama yeminyaka engamashumi amathathu iyangempela noma iyithiyori. Zicacise esicelweni, zigcine ekwamukelweni, futhi umsebenzi wokugcina uba yingxenye ebikezelwayo yohlelo lokulungisa imisebenzi esikhundleni sengxabano yokulungisa yaminyaka yonke. Uma umphumela ulinganiswa ngale ndlela, ukukhetha phakathi kwabahlinzeki kuqondile futhi impendulo yobunjiniyela akudingeki ukuthi ixoxwe esizindeni.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela izici zendle ezinobubanzi be-pH kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-sulphide, ukugeleza okuphezulu kanye nokujwayelekile, umthamo wokugcina odingekayo noma isikhathi sokuhlala, izimo zomhlabathi wendawo kanye nomthwalo wesimo sezulu, kanye nezidingo zokwamukelwa. Ithimba lobunjiniyela lizobuyisela incazelo ye-enamel enamavelu okuhlolwa asefekthri asekelayo, ububanzi nokuphakama, uhlu lwamaphaneli namabhawudi, umthwalo wesisekelo, isikhawu sokuhlola, kanye nesethi yemibhalo okufanele igcinwe ekwamukelweni. Lapho enye into yegobolondo ifaneleka kangcono umsebenzi, kushiwo eceleni kwenketho ye-enamel nesizathu sayo.
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