Ithangi le-Glass Fused to Steel Lamaphrojekthi Okuhlanza Indle Yamanzi Kamasipala
Kwadalwa ngo 02.12
Ithangi Lensimbi Ehlanganiswe Nengilazi Lamaphrojekthi Okuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile Kamasipala
Ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi elenzelwe amaphrojekthi okuhlanza amanzi angcolile kamasipala linikeza umzimba wokugcina ongagqwali kalula, ongamelana nokugqwala, wamahlelo okuqala, ukuhlanzwa kokuqala, ukugcinwa kwe-digestate kanye nokugeleza kwesiphepho ngezindleko ezilingana nesabelomali semisebenzi yomphakathi. Ungqimba lwe-enamel luhlanganiswa ku-820–930 °C, alunzi ku-pH 1–14, lingaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra futhi lilinganiselwa iminyaka engamashumi amathathu noma ngaphezulu. Inani lobunjiniyela yithangi elingengezwa noma linwetshwe ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwesigaba ngaphandle kwenkontileka yokushisela, futhi amarekhodi ayo okuhlolwa kwenhlansi yasefektri aba yingxenye yefayela lokwamukelwa kamasipala.
Umsebenzi kamasipala uklanyelwe ukuhamba kwamanzi okungekho muntu owakulawulayo. Ukuhamba kwamanzi esikhathi esomile kufika ngesilinganiso esilindelekile, kodwa isiphepho singakwandisa izikhathi eziningana phakathi nehora, futhi amakhasimende ezimboni angaphakathi kwendawo efanayo yokuthwebula amanzi anezakhe izinguquko. Amathangi agcina lokhu kuhamba kwamanzi kufanele amelane ne-hydrogen sulphide, kufanele aqalwe ngokuvalwa komsebenzi okungenzeka kwenzeke kanye ngonyaka, futhi kufanele angene ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esikhona sesikhungo ngaphandle kwesikhala esisele. Ukhonkolo kuyinto eyayijwayelekile ngokomlando, kodwa ukuvuza kwemihlangano kanye nezindleko zokuvuselela kuyinto ehlala ikhona kwisabelomali sokunakekela; igobolondo le-enamel eliboshiwe linikeza enye indlela yokulethwa yomsebenzi ofanayo. Esikhungweni esihlela ukuthuthukiswa kwesigaba, ithangi le-glass fused to steel lamaphrojekthi okuhlanza amanzi angcolile kamasipala iyindlela engafakwa, yandiswe futhi ekugcineni ihlakazwe esikhundleni sokudilizwa.
Okwenziwa Indle Egobolondweni Lokugcina
Ubukhulu be-enamel kanye nezinga lokushisa lokuhlangana kusetha umngcele wokwehluleka. Ku-tanki yengilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi, i-vitreous enamel ishiselwa kuphela kwensimbi ngo-820–930 °C, ngakho ingilazi nensimbi zakha umzimba owodwa ongenawo umugqa wokuxhumana we-organic ukuze uketshezi olungena ngaphakathi lufinyelele. I-enamel ilinganiswa ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm², okuthatha ukuthintana okuvela ezindleleni zokuhamba zesitshalo, amapulatifomu okufinyelela kanye nemishini yokulungisa, futhi ihlala ingasebenzi ku-pH 1–14, okuhlanganisa lonke uhla umfudlana kamasipala oyikhiqizayo kusukela ezindaweni zokungena ezinokubola kuya ohlangothini olune-alkaline ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-lime. Izindlela ezimbili zokwehluleka okufanele ziklanyelwe ukuze zingabikho ukwakheka kwama-pinhole okuvela ekuhlaselweni kwendawo kanye nokuqhekeka konqenqema endaweni yokusika yasefekthri, ngakho ukuqedwa konqenqema kuyisinyathelo sokukhiqiza futhi ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ukuhlolwa kokukhululwa kuwo wonke amaphaneli — i-holiday ebanjwa efektri iyinto yokufayila, kanti eyodwa ebanjwa ngemuva kokusetshenziswa iyinto yomsebenzi.
Ukukala Kusuka Kumdwebo Wokugeleza, Hhayi Kusuka Esilinganisweni
Ukuhamba kwesiphepho, ukugeleza kwesimo sezulu esomile kanye ne-hydraulics yemisebenzi kusetha imiqulu emithathu ehlukene. I-headwork noma i-wet well ilinganiswa ngokugeleza kwephezulu kwehora ngesikhathi umkhawulo wokujikeleza kwepompo uyisibopho esilawulayo; ithangi lokulinganisa elingaphambi kokwelashwa lidinga umqulu onciphisa ukushintshashintsha kwezimboni; ithangi lesiphepho noma lokugcina lidinga umqulu womcimbi wesiphepho esiklanyelwe njengoba kuchazwe yisiphathimandla sendawo; futhi ithangi lokugcina i-digestate noma i-sludge lidinga umkhiqizo wansuku zonke we-sludge ophindwe ngezinsuku zokugcina phakathi kokulahlwa. Igobolondo eliboshiwe lenza lezi zimo zokuma zibe lula, ngoba amaphaneli acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi angahlanganiswa cishe kunoma yimuphi umdiameter esizeni, futhi ukujiya kwephaneli kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-12 mm ngokwakhiwa kuhlanganisa ukubalwa kwengcindezi evela ekhanda endaweni ngayinye yokuphakama. Ithangi lihlala lingaphansi komoya, ngakho uphahla luyisembozo esiklanyelwe umthwalo womoya neqhwa kanti i-vent ilinganiswe ukususwa komhwamuko kanye nanoma yimuphi umoya okhiqizwayo endaweni yekhanda.
I-Hydrogen Sulphide, Izembozo Nokukhipha Umoya
Iphunga liyinkinga yokumboza nokukhipha umoya, futhi kucaciswa emibandela kamasipala. Indle ikhiqiza i-hydrogen sulphide lapho uketshezi lungcolile futhi kufudumele, futhi igesi ihlasela insimbi engenalutho ngamandla kuyilapho isikhalo somsebenzisi siya endaweni efanayo. Ubuso be-enamel bubekezelela izimo ezincishisiwe kahle, futhi ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra bugcina kancane i-biofilm lapho amabhaktheriya akha i-sulphide ehlala khona. Isembozo esinomoya okhipha umoya osayizi ofanele sivumela umsebenzi ukuthi udlulisele indawo engenhla eya ku-biofilter noma ku-chemical scrubber; uphahla olumane lwavalwa futhi lwashiywa lungacacisiwe yisona esiyimbangela evamile yenkinga yephunga edinga ukulungiswa kamuva. Lapho umsebenzi uqhuba isigaba se-anaerobic, izinga lokushisa le-mesophilic kanye nomngcele wengcindezi yegesi kungokwe-digester nohlelo lwayo lokumboza, olusebenza ngama-kilopascals ambalwa kuphela, kodwa amathangi okugcina emsebenzini ofanayo ahlala esemkhathini wonke.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Inothi |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa i-enamel | 820–930 °C | ingilazi inamathela ensimbi ngokushisa kanye |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | kukalwa ngephaneli yokukhiqiza ngayinye |
Amandla e-enamel | ≥ 3450 N/cm² | isilinganiso sokugoba nokucindezela |
Ukutholwa kwe-Holiday | ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC | ukuhlolwa kokukhishwa kwasefektri ngephaneli ngayinye |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | Ra < 0.8 µm | kunciphisa i-biofilm kanye ne-scaling odongeni olumanzi |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | ngaphakathi komsebenzi kamasipala ocacisiwe |
ukubekezelela i-pH | 1–14 | i-septic headworks kuya ku-lime-dosed effluent |
Izinto zokubopha | 8.8-grade bolts, EPDM gasket | iyasetshenziswa kabusha, i-torque ihlolwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa |
Lapho Amathangi Aya Khona Emsebenzini Kamasipala
Ukukhushulwa kwesigaba kuyilapho uhlelo lwamaphaneli aboshiwe luzuzisa khona. Umsebenzi ozokwandiswa ngezinhlelo ezimbili noma ezintathu zikahulumeni unokufaka amathangi kakhonkolo wokuqala manje bese wengeza iyunithi ehambisanayo noma izendlalelo ezengeziwe lapho ukugeleza kukhula, kuhlolwe ugongolo lwendandatho ukuthola umthwalo owengeziwe. Indawo yokuhlanza amanzi kanye nomgodi wokuhlunga omanzi uhlala emnyango onesembozo nokulawulwa kwephunga; amathangi ayisisekelo noma okulinganisa ahlala phakathi nendawo yomsebenzi anokusabalalisa kokungena nokukhipha udaka; amathangi okugcina isiphepho ahlala endaweni yokuphuma anesakhiwo sokulawula ukuphuma; futhi amathangi okugcina udaka noma i-digestate ahlala eduze nendawo yokuqinisa nokulahla anomgudu wokuphuma kwezinto eziqinile ezihlalayo. Amaphaneli athunyelwa ecaba, ngakho umsebenzi ungathatha futhi ukulethwa ngezigaba, umise ithangi elilodwa ngesikhathi sokuvalwa komsebenzi bese ufaka iyunithi ngayinye emsebenzini njengoba uhlelo lwayo lwenqubo luvulwa, ngaphandle kwemvume eyodwa yokushisela endaweni.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile kamasipala | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 17,420 m³ emathangini angu-10 | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini | Xinjiang, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 30,469 m³ emathangini angu-27 | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lokugcina indle | Zhejiang, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 11,613 m³ (φ24.45 m × 19.8 m) | ukuhlinzeka + usizo lokwakha |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile asendaweni yokulahla udoti | eBeijing, eChina | Ithangi le-GFS | 9,682 m³ (φ16.23 m × 23.4 m × 2) | ukuhlinzeka + ukusekela ukufakwa |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawodi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) e-China, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Emisebenzini kamasipala amandla avela njengomsebenzi wokulinganisa isilinganiso ngokuhambisana nomdwebo wokugeleza, idizayini yekhava neyokukhipha umoya ehambisana nemvume yephunga, ukulethwa kwamaphaneli ngezigaba okuhambisana nekhalenda lokuvalwa komsebenzi, kanye nesethi yerekhodi lokuhlolwa kwasefektri efanele ifayela lokwamukelwa yisiphathimandla somphakathi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ithangi le-GFS lingasebenza njengomgodi wamanzi noma ithangi le-headwork?
A1: Yebo mayelana nomsebenzi womoya. Ubukhulu buvela ekugelezeni okuphezulu kanye nomkhawulo wokujikeleza kwephampu, isembozo siklanyelwe imvume yephunga, futhi izindawo zokungena nokuphuma zibekwe ukuze amaphampu angalokothi asebenze ngokumelene nombhede wezinto eziqinile ezihlala phansi.
Q2: Ingabe isitoreji sesiphepho silinganiswa kanjani?
A2: Kusuka emcimbini wesiphepho wokuklama ocaciswe yisiphathimandla sasendaweni, hhayi kusuka ekugelezeni okumaphakathi. Lelo volumu, kanye nebhodi yamahhala yengqimba yegwebu umfudlana we-septic okhiqizayo, kubeka ububanzi nokuphakama kwethangi lokugcina.
Q3: Ingabe uphahla luthatha umthwalo weqhwa nomoya?
A3: Yebo. Uphahla luyisembozo esiklanyelwe umoya wendawo kanye nomthwalo weqhwa, kanti isikhala sokuphefumula silinganiswe ukukhishwa komhwamuko nokukhiqizwa kwegesi. Ukugcinwa kwengcindezi akusiyo ingxenye yomsebenzi; umkhumbi ungowomoya.
Q4: Ingabe imisebenzi ingengeza umthamo kuhlelo lwakamuva?
A4: Yebo, okuyisizathu esiyinhloko esenza amaklayenti kamasipala akhethe amagobolondo aboshiwe. Izifundo ezengeziwe noma ithangi elihambisana nalo kungangezwa, futhi i-ring beam ekhona iqinisekiswa umthwalo owengeziwe kuqala. Ithangi elidala lingaphinda lihlakazwe futhi lisetshenziswe kwenye indawo.
Q5: Iyini insebenzo ye-hydrogen sulphide?
A5: I-enamel ibekezelela izimo ezincishisiwe, ezine-sulphide kahle ngaphakathi kwe-pH 1–14, futhi indawo ebushelelezi ibamba i-biofilm encane. Ukususa i-sulphur kuwumbuzo wokwelashwa kwegesi okulandela emuva kunombuzo wempahla yethangi.
Q6: Yimiphi imibhalo umasipala ayidingayo ukuze amukele?
A6: Amasertifikhithi ephaneli yesigayo, ukujiya kwe-enamel kanye namarekhodi okuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC, irekhodi lezinga lebhawudi ne-torque, ukuhlolwa kwengubo yangaphandle, imidwebo yesisekelo neyokubopha, imidwebo yokuhlanganisa kanye nencwadi yokusebenza nokunakekela enesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
Q7: Yiluphi uhlelo lokuhlolwa olunconywayo?
A7: Ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi okubonakalayo ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kwemisebenzi, ukuhlolwa kwe-torque yebhawudi ngemuva kokugcwalisa kokuqala nangemuva konyaka wokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke kokuqedwa kwangaphandle nokudanjiswa kwamanzi e-annulus, kanye nokuhlolwa kabusha kwe-spark noma nini lapho iphaneli ikhishwa futhi ifakwa kabusha.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi angcolile kamasipala kuvuza igobolondo elingaguquguquki ngamakhemikhali ngaphansi komthwalo oguquguqukayo, oqukethe i-sulphide, elishibhe ngokwanele ukuthi lingeniswe ohlelweni lwezimali ezinkulu, futhi eliguquguqukayo ngokwanele ukuthi lingandiswa emizuliswaneni eminingi yokuthuthukisa. Iphaneli ye-enamel ehlanganisiwe ihlangabezana nakho konke lokhu kuthathu: impilo yokuklama yeminyaka engamashumi amathathu, ubufakazi bokuhlolwa kwenhlansi kwasefektri, kanye nohlelo oluboshiwe olungengezwa ithangi ngalinye. Bhala umdwebo wokugeleza, amavolumu aphezulu kanye nesiphepho, ukukhiqizwa kwe-sludge, kanye nemvume yephunga, bese ukulinganisa kulandela. Ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi kumaphrojekthi okwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile kamasipala liyisinqumo esiphansi somjikelezo wempilo wemisebenzi yokugcina nokubamba emsebenzini othuthukisiwe, futhi isinqumo kufanele sithathwe esigabeni sokwenzeka hhayi esangweni lokuklama okuningiliziwe.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela umdwebo wokugeleza onezilinganiso eziphakeme kanye nezilinganiso ezijwayelekile, isigameko sesiphepho esisetshenziselwe ukuklama, ukukhiqizwa kodaka kanye nezinsuku zokugcina, i-hydrogen sulphide kanye nebanga le-pH, imingcele yesizinda kanye nendawo etholakalayo, kanye nezinsuku zohlelo lwe-capital. Ithimba lobunjiniyela lizobuyisela uhlu lwamathangi anobubanzi nokuphakama, uhlelo lwamaphaneli namabhawudi, isincomo sekhava nomoya wokukhipha umoya, umthwalo wesisekelo, uhlu lwemibhalo yokwamukela kanye nohlelo lokwakha olunezigaba oluhambisana namawindi akho okuvalwa. Uma enye into yegobolondo ifaneleka kangcono, leyo ndlela ehlukile ichazwa eceleni kwenketho ye-enamel kanye nesizathu.
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