Ithangi Le-Glass Fused to Steel Lamaphrojekthi Okwelashwa Kwamanzi Angcolile Ezimbonini
Kwadalwa ngo 02.12
Ithangi Lensimbi Encibilikisiwe Engilazi Lamaphrojekthi Okuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile Ezimbonini
Ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi lamaphrojekthi okuhlanza amanzi angcolile ezimbonini likhethwa lapho amanzi aphumayo enobuthi obanele ukwehlula isembozo semvelo futhi uhlelo lusinde kakhulu ukuba lwakhiwe ngokushisela noma ngokhonkolo. Ingilazi ihlanganiswa nensimbi ku-820–930 °C, ikalwa ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm², ayisebenzi ku-pH 1–14 futhi ihlolwa ku-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, inempilo yokuklanywa yeminyaka engamashumi amathathu noma ngaphezulu. Umsebenzi wobunjiniyela ukuhlela ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amanzi angcolile, ukukala umthamo kusukela ekugelezeni okuphezulu, nokunquma isisekelo, indawo yokukhipha umoya kanye nobubanzi bokuhlola ngaphambi kokuba i-oda lethangi likhishwe.
I-effluent yezimboni yenza into eyodwa eyonakalisa ukucaciswa kwe-coating: iyashintsha. Umfula okalwa kanye ngesikhathi sokuklama awuvamisile ukufana nalokho okukhishwa yimboni ngemuva kwezinguquko ezimbili zemikhiqizo, futhi ithangi elalicaciswe ngokuhlaziywa kwasekuqaleni selivele lisetshenziswa lapho ushintsho lwekhemikhali lwenzeka. Unjiniyela obhekene nalesi simo unezinketho ezintathu ezimbi — ukulungisa i-lining, ukwamukela isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe, noma ukushiya ithangi kusenesikhathi. Ukubhala phansi umkhawulo wokusebenza ekuqaleni kwephrojekthi kususa ingxenye enkulu yalolo ngozi. Ithangi le-glass elihlanganiswe nensimbi lamaphrojekthi okuhlanza amanzi angcolile ezimboni liyimpendulo evamile lapho i-effluent inolaka ngempela kodwa umthamo mkhulu, ngoba igcina igobolondo lingenzi lutho ngenkathi uhlelo lwamaphaneli aboshiwe lugcina ukwakhiwa kungaphakathi kwesheduli.
Ukufunda Amanzi Aphumayo Ngaphambi Kokufunda Umdwebo Wethangi
Ukujiya koqweqwe lwe-enamel kanye nezinga lokushisa lokuhlangana kusetha umngcele wokwehluleka. Ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi iyiphaneli yensimbi ethwala ungqimba lwe-vitreous enamel olushiswe ku-820–930 °C, ngakho-ke lezi zinto ezimbili ziwumzimba owodwa futhi akukho mugqa wokuhlanganisa okungasetshenziswa uketshezi lwenqubo ukuhlasela. I-enamel ilinganiswa ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm², okubalulekile noma kuphi lapho isiza sikhiqiza ukuthintana komshini okuvela kuma-pipe racks, amapulatifomu kanye nokulungiswa, futhi ihlala ingasebenzi ku-pH 1–14, okuhlanganisa ukushintshashintsha okuningi kwe-asidi ne-alkaline yezimboni ngaphandle kokushintsha into. Izindlela zokwehluleka okufanele ziklanyelwe ngokumelene nazo zimbili ncamashi: ukwakheka kwembobo encane okuvela ekuhlaselweni okugxilile kwamakhemikhali esikhathi eside engilazini, kanye nokuqhekeka konqenqema endaweni yokusika yasefektri. Kokubili kuphathwa ekukhiqizeni, futhi ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC kuwo wonke amaphaneli ukuhlola ukuthi i-holiday ayizange ithunyelwe.
Umthamo, Ukugeleza Okuphezulu kanye Nesimo Sokuklama Komoya
Ukulinganisa umthamo wukubalwa kokugeleza; ukukhethwa kwempahla wukubalwa kwamakhemikhali. Ithangi lokulinganisa lidinga ukugeleza kwephezulu ngehora kanye nesikhathi sokuhlala esidingekayo ngaphambi kweyunithi elandelayo yenqubo; ithangi lokugcina eliphambi komshini wokucindezela umswakama lidinga umthamo weqoqo kanye nokukhipha izinto eziqinile ezihlalile; ithangi lokunciphisa ubumuncu lidinga indawo yokufaka umuthi kanye nendawo yokukhipha umoya elinganiselwe umhwamuko ovela ekufakweni kwe-asidi. Igobolondo eliboshiwe lenza ukuthi ijiyometri ishintshe kalula kamuva: amaphaneli acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi, ukujiya kwephaneli 3–12 mm ngokwedizayini, ahlanganiswe abe isilinda ku-ring beam, ngakho ububanzi nokuphakama kungalungiswa efektri esikhundleni sokuthi kwenziwe kabusha ubunjiniyela endaweni. Ngenxa yokuthi umkhumbi usemkhathini ovamile, uphahla luyisembozo esilinganiselwe umoya kanye nomthwalo weqhwa elinendawo yokukhipha umoya elinganiselwe ukugudluzwa komhwamuko, futhi noma iyiphi igesi ekhiqizwayo ilandela idizayini yenqubo — hhayi ukucatshangelwa kwengcindezi.
Isikhwama Sokugqwala kanye Nokukhethwa Okulandelayo
I-chloride, i-sulphide kanye ne-oxidiser content kunquma ukuthi i-enamel noma i-alloy iyona ephumelelayo. I-chloride ihlasela i-coated carbon steel ngokushesha futhi ingakwazi ukugqobhoza igobolondo elijwayelekile le-304, yingakho ukugcinwa kwenqwaba kanye nezinhlelo zokucubungula emapaki ezimboni zivame ukufakwa nge-glass fused to steel kuyilapho ama-polisher amancane e-high-purity ehlala ku-316L noma ku-duplex grade. I-sulphide ne-hydrogen sulphide zisingathwa indawo ye-enamel, ekwazi ukubekezelela izimo ezincishisiwe kahle, kanti ukukhipha i-sulphur okulandelayo kuvikela imishini yegesi lapho kukhona i-digester. Ama-oxidising agents kanye nama-acids anamandla kanye nama-alkalis ahlala ngaphakathi kwe-envelope ye-enamel ku-pH 1–14, kodwa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu loketshezi kanye nomhwamuko ongaphezulu kwayo kufanele kuqoshwe, ngoba lezo zinombolo zikhetha i-gasket kanye ne-vent hhayi i-enamel ngokwayo.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokuncibilika kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | ingilazi encibilikisiwe ensimbi ngokushisa okukodwa |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | isilinganiso sokukhululwa ngephaneli ngayinye |
Amandla e-enamel | ≥ 3450 N/cm² | isilinganiso sokugoba nokucindezela |
Ukutholwa kweHoliday | Ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC | iphaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukungalingani kwendawo | Ra < 0.8 µm | kunciphisa ukunqwabelana kwemfucuza, kusiza ukuwashwa |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | ngaphakathi kwe-envelope ecacisiwe ye-pH nezinga lokushisa |
ukubekezelelwa kwe-pH | 1–14 | imifudlana ye-acid ne-alkali eshintshashintshayo |
Izinto zokubopha | Amabhawodi ezinga le-8.8, i-EPDM gasket | kusebenziseka kabusha, kuyahlolwa, i-torque iqoshiwe |
Ukukhetha nokucacisa i-Industrial Package
Iscope sokulethwa yilapho izabelomali zinqotshwa noma zilahleka kuma-oda anamathangi amaningi. Iphakethe elijwayelekile lezimboni liyisethi yamathangi ayisilinda e-enamel asesakhiweni esiyindandatho esabelwana ngayo, ngalinye linama-nozzle, ama-manway, izitebhisi namapulatifomu adingwa inqubo, kanye nokuqedwa kwangaphandle okufanele umoya wesikhungo kanye ne-annulus edonsa amanzi. Amaphaneli athunyelwa eyisicaba, ngakho ukumiswa kuwumsebenzi wokubopha ngamabhawodi ogadiwe uchwepheshe womkhiqizi, futhi ithangi lingaqaliswa ngaphakathi kokuvalwa kwemisebenzi jikelele. Lapho isiza sinomgwaqo wokungena okhawulelwe noma uhlelo lokwakha olwezigaba, ukulethwa kwamaphaneli ayisicaba kuvame ukuba yisici esinqumayo phezu kwegobolondo elishiselwe ekhaya. Ekunikezeleni isikhungo sithola izitifiketi ze-panel mill, ukujiya kwe-enamel namarekhodi okuhlolwa kwe-spark, izinga lamabhawodi namarekhodi e-torque, ukuhlolwa kwe-external coating, imidwebo yokuhlanganisa kanye nencwadi yokusebenza nokunakekela enesikhathi sokuhlola.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini | Xinjiang, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 30,469 m³ emathangini angama-27 | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile amakhemikhali | Zhejiang, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 11,613 m³ (φ24.45 m × 19.8 m) | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile kamasipala | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 17,420 m³ emathangini angama-10 | ukuhlinzeka + ukusekelwa kokusebenza |
Uchungechunge lwamakhemikhali e-Epoxy-coated | Guangxi, China | Ithangi eline-FBE coated | 4,771 m³ emathangini angu-11 | ukuhlinzeka + usizo lokwakha |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngezibophezelo. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi e-enamel-coated angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Kuma-industrial effluent, amandla afika njenge-enamel envelope ebhekene nekhemistri elinganisiwe, amaphaneli akhishwa ngobufakazi bokuhlolwa kwe-spark, kanye nohlelo lokulethwa ngezigaba oluvumela isitshalo ukuthi sihlele amathangi aso futhi sisebenzise ngalinye njengoba umzila waso uqaliswa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi i-enamel ifanele i-effluent yami?
A1: Qhathanisa ibanga le-pH elilinganisiwe, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu loketshezi nomhwamuko, i-chloride, i-sulphide kanye ne-oxidiser okuqukethwe ngokumelene ne-envelope ye-enamel ye-pH 1–14. Noma yini engaphakathi kwaleyo envelope enezinga lokushisa elifanele iwukusetshenziswa kwe-enamel okuqondile; noma yini engaphandle kwayo ikhonjwa ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwephaneli.
Q2: Ingabe i-oda elifanayo lingahlanganisa amathangi e-enamel ne-epoxy?
A2: Yebo. I-enamel ifanele izitimela ezinkulu ezibolayo, kuyilapho i-fusion bonded epoxy ku-AWWA C550 ifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho umsebenzi umncane kodwa uhlelo olugcwele lokumboza lusacacisiwe. Kokubili kuthunyelwa njengomndeni wephaneli oboshiwe ofanayo ngendlela efanayo yokuhlangana ne-torque.
Q3: Ingabe ithangi le-GFS liyisitsha sokucindezela?
A3: Cha. Iwukugcina kwe-atmospheric noma kwengcindezi ephansi. Uphahla lwakhelwe umoya kanye nomthwalo weqhwa futhi i-vent ilinganiswe ukukhishwa komhwamuko negesi, ngokusizwa njengoba incazelo yephrojekthi idinga.
Q4: Isikhathi sokwakha siyisikhathi esingakanani?
A4: Amaphaneli afika ecaba futhi ehlanganiswe ngaphambili, ngakho umsebenzi wasesizeni ukuhlanganisa nokulawula i-torque yebhawodi ngaphansi kokuqondisa komkhiqizi. Umzila obalulekile ngokuvamile ukhonkolo we-ring beam nokuphola kwawo, hhayi ukwakhiwa kwethangi.
Q5: Kuthiwani ngokwanda komthamo esikhathini esizayo?
A5: Izifundo ezengeziwe ku-shell ekhona noma ithangi elihambisanayo ku-header efanayo, kuncike ekuqinisekiseni i-ring beam yomthwalo owengeziwe. Lokhu ngokuvamile kushesha futhi kushibhe kakhulu kunokushintsha ithangi elishiseliwe noma likakhonkolo.
Q6: Yini ebangela ukwehluleka okukhulu emkhakheni?
A6: Ukulimala kwemishini emaphethelweni ephaneli kanye nokusebenza okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwebanga le-pH elishiwo. Kokubili yizinkinga zokucaciswa: ukuqedwa komphetho kusethwa efektri, futhi indawo yokusebenza ibhalwe encwadini yokusebenza kanye nesikhathi sokuhlola.
Q7: Yiluphi uhlelo lokuhlola olunconywayo?
A7: Ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi okubonakalayo ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kwenqubo ngayinye, ukuhlolwa kwe-torque ngemuva kokugcwalisa kokuqala nangemuva konyaka wokuqala, ukuhlolwa kokuqedwa kwangaphandle kanye nokukhipha amanzi e-annulus minyaka yonke, kanye nokuhlolwa kabusha kwe-spark kunoma yiliphi iphaneli elikhishwe futhi lafakwa kabusha ngesikhathi sokulungisa.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini kuyinkinga yekhemistri enesibopho sokuhlela esinamathiselwe, futhi iphaneli ye-enamel ehlanganisiwe ixazulula ingxenye yokuqala kuyilapho uhlelo oluboshiwe luxazulula eyesibili. Bhala ububanzi be-pH, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, okuqukethwe kwe-chloride ne-sulphide, kanye nokugeleza okuphezulu, futhi kokubili okokusebenza kanye nobukhulu kulandela ngqo. Ithangi lensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi lamaphrojekthi okucubungula amanzi angcolile ezimbonini lizosebenza iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yempilo yesevisi ngohlelo lokuhlola olubikezelwayo esikhundleni sohlelo lokulungisa i-lining, futhi lingandiswa njengoba isitshalo sikhula. Thumela ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi angcolile, iphrofayela yokugeleza kanye nezimo zendawo, futhi ukukhethwa kuphenduka iphakethe lokulethwa nokwamukelwa elinosuku.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi angcolile anombala we-pH, ukugeleza kwesikhathi samahora aphezulu kanye namavolumu e-batch, amazinga okushisa aphezulu oketshezi nomhwamuko, okuqukethwe kwe-chloride ne-sulphide, imingcele yendawo kanye nosuku lokuqala ukusebenza. Ithimba lobunjiniyela lizobuyisela ububanzi nokuphakama, uhlelo lwamaphaneli namabhawodi, isincomo se-gasket ne-vent, umthwalo wesisekelo, uhlu lokuhlolwa kwasefektri kanye namadokhumenti, kanye nohlelo lokulethwa ngezigaba. Lapho enye into yegobolondo ifaneleka kangcono, ishiwo eduze kwenketho ye-enamel nesizathu esikhundleni sokukhuthazwa esikhundleni sayo.
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