Ithangi le-Glass Fused to Steel Elenzelwe Iphrojekthi Yokuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile Emapulazini Engulube Emhlabeni Wonke
Kwadalwa ngo 02.24
Ithangi Lensimbi Elinamatheliswe Ngengilazi Ephrojekthi Yokuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile Ezindaweni Zokufuya Izingulube Emhlabeni Wonke
Ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi lephrojekthi yokuhlanza amanzi emapulazini engulube emhlabeni wonke ligcina umquba, i-digestate namanzi okucubungula endaweni engagqwali, engakhuli futhi engakhukhulwa phakathi kwamaqoqo. Ingqimba ye-enamel ihlanganiswa nensimbi ku-820–930 °C, ibamba i-pH 1–14, ihla ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra futhi ilinganiselwa iminyaka engamashumi amathathu noma ngaphezulu. Emapulazini izinto ezinqumayo ngokuvamile iphunga eline-ammonia, ukukhishwa ngezikhathi ezithile kukhalenda yezitshalo, kanye nekhono lokwengeza amathangi ngaphandle kukontraka wokushisela endaweni.
Uhla lokuphatha uketshezi epulazini lezingulube lulawulwa ikhalenda lesibaya, hhayi ikhalenda lesikhungo sokucubungula. Umhluzi ugezwa izikhathi eziningana ngosuku, ugcinwe izinyanga bese usakazwa noma welashwe ngesikhathi esibekwe yisizini yokukhula, okusho ukuthi umthamo wokugcina owenzelwe kuphela ukugeleza kwansuku zonke uzogcwala futhi ithangi elenzelwe kuphela usuku lokukhipha lizobiza kakhulu kunalokho okudingekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfudlana ugcwele i-ammonia, unukubezekile phakathi kwezikhathi zokukhipha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi unomunyu ngenxa yezinto zokuhlanza ezisemigwaqweni yesibaya. Impahla yegobolondo inqunywa kudala ngaphambi kokuba kuchazwe izikhala. Lokho okukhiqizwa yileso sinqumo yithangi lengilazi elihlanganiswe nensimbi lephrojekthi yomhlaba wonke yokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile epulazini lezingulube, umzimba ongenzi lutho, ogezekayo futhi onwebekayo ongabekwa ku-ring beam ngesikhathi esincane kunalokho okudingwa ukuqina kokhonkolo. Uku-oda ithangi lengilazi elihlanganiswe nensimbi lephrojekthi yomhlaba wonke yokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile epulazini lezingulube ngokuhambisana nekhalenda lokukhipha hhayi izinga lokugeza kwansuku zonke yikho okugcina ipulazi lingaphakathi kwesikhathi saso sokusakaza.
Okwenziwa Yinani Lamanzi Engulube Ethangini
Ubukhulu be-enamel kanye nezinga lokushisa lokuhlangana kusetha umngcele wokwehluleka. Ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi lithwala ungqimba lwe-vitreous olushiselwa kupanele lensimbi ku-820–930 °C, ngakho ingilazi nensimbi zihamba njengomzimba owodwa futhi akukho ungqimba lwenamathiselo olungagcwala futhi luphakame lapho umthwalo wendle wokukhuculula uhlala amaviki. I-enamel ikalwa ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm², okumunca umthelela ovela emishinini yokulayisha, izinto zokuvula amasango kanye nomsebenzi wokulungisa okwenziwa epulazini nsuku zonke, futhi ihlala ingasebenzi ku-pH 1–14, ihlanganisa kokubili umfudlana womquba ogcwele i-ammonia kanye nokugezwa komgwaqo okune-alkaline. Izindlela ezimbili zokwehluleka okufanele zihlelwe ngokumelene nazo ukwakheka kwezimbotshana ezincane kusuka ekuhlaselweni kwamakhemikhali okugxilile okuhlala isikhathi eside kanye nokuqhekeka konqenqema kumapanele asikwe efektri, yingakho ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi ye-1500 V DC kwenziwa kupanele ngayinye ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe nokuthi kungani imiphetho yamapanele iqedwa efektri kunokuba isikwe endaweni.
Ukukala Kusuka Kukhalenda Lesibaya, Hhayi Ukugeleza Okujwayelekile
Ivolumu ilandela iwindi lokukhipha, futhi iwindi lokukhipha lilandela ikhalenda lokuvuna. Ipulazi lezingulube ngokuvamile ligcina uketshezi isikhathi esimisiwe phakathi kwezinsuku zokusetshenziswa noma phakathi kwamaqoqo okwelashwa, ngakho-ke ivolumu edingekayo yisibalo sokukhiqiza sansuku zonke esiphindwe ngesikhathi sokugcina, kanye nesikhala esengeziwe sokuqhwaba nengqimba yamagwebu nezinhlayiya ezisolisayo ezakhiwa umfudlana onezinto eziqinile. Ngenxa yokuthi igobolondo eliboshiwe lihlanganiswa ngamaphaneli acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi, ububanzi nokuphakama kulandela ngqo kuleso sibalo, futhi uhlelo olufanayo lwamaphaneli luvumela ithangi lesibili lapho umhlambi ukhula esikhundleni sokwakhiwa kabusha kukakhonkolo. Ithangi lisemkhathini ngokwakhiwa kwalo, ngakho-ke uphahla luyisembozo somthwalo womoya neqhwa futhi indawo yokukhipha umoya ilinganiselwe ukususwa komhwamuko nanoma iyiphi igesi ekhiqizwa umfudlana ogciniwe, futhi indlela yokukhipha umoya inqunywa isu lokulawula iphunga esikhundleni sokuyekela emkhubeni wendawo.
Iphunga, Ukukhipha Umoya kanye Nomthwalo we-Ammonium
Ukulawulwa kwephunga kuyisinqumo somoya ophumayo kanye nokumboza esithathwa kusenesikhathi. Umquba ogcinwe ufudumele futhi ubolile ukhiqiza i-ammonia nephunga elibhaliswa ngabomakhelwane kanye nesiphathimandla sendawo ngaphambi kokuba uminjiniyi wenqubo alibhalise. Udonga olubushelelezi lwe-enamel olungaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra lunciphisa i-biofilm kanye nongqimba lwe-scale lapho kuhlala khona amagciwane akha iphunga, futhi uphahla olunomoya ohambisa kahle luvumela ipulazi ukuthi lihambise indawo engaphezulu iyise ku-biofilter noma ku-acid scrubber esikhundleni sokukhipha emanzini. Ukuxuba kubalulekile njengokumboza: isixubi esihamba kancane sivimbela ukuthi izinto eziqinile kanye nongqimba lwe-scum kungaqini phezu komgudu wokuphuma futhi kugcina umfudlana ufanana lapho ukhishwa, ngakho indawo ye-nozzle nesixubi kufanele ibe sekuhlelweni kwethangi kunokuba kwengezwe kamuva usonkontileka wesibaya.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa i-enamel | 820–930 °C | ukushisa okukodwa, ingilazi inamathela ensimbi |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | kulinganiswa ngephaneli yokukhiqiza |
Amandla e-enamel | ≥ 3450 N/cm² | isilinganiso sokugoba nokucindezela |
Ukutholwa kwamaholide | 1500 V DC spark test | ukuhlolwa kokukhishwa kwemboni ngepaneli ngayinye |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | Ra < 0.8 µm | iyagezeka, isisekelo se-biofilm esiphansi |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina ezicacisiwe |
ukubekezelelwa kwe-pH | 1–14 | umfudlana womquba udlula emzileni we-alkaline flush |
Okuhlanganyelwe | 8.8-grade bolts, EPDM gasket | kusable, i-torque ihlolwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa |
Ukusebenzisa Ithangi Kuyo Yonke Indawo Yepulazi
Lapho ithangi ngalinye lihlala khona esitimeleni sasepulazini yilapho inani livela khona. Ithangi lokugeza nokuqoqa lidinga umthamo kanye nendawo yokuphuma engeke ivinjwe yizinto eziqinile ezihlala phansi; ithangi lokulinganisa noma lokudla kwe-anaerobic lidinga ukuxutshwa kanye nesembozo esinomzila wegesi lapho i-digester ilandela khona; ithangi lokugcina i-digestate noma amanzi angcolile asetshengiwe lidinga isikhathi eside sokugcina kanye nodonga olukwazi ukuhlanjululwa, njengoba luthululwa ngekhalenda lokusabalalisa. Emapulazini anezindawo eziningi, iphethini esebenza kahle iqoqo lamathangi e-cylindrical enamel ase-ring beam eyabiwe, afakwa ngemva kokuba ama-ankor agxunyekwe futhi aqaliswe ngaphakathi kwekhefu lemisebenzi evamile. Uma ukwelashwa kwakamuva kufaka isigaba se-anaerobic, iwindi lokushisa le-mesophilic kanye nomngcele wengcindezi yegesi kungokwesikhathi se-digester kanye nohlelo lwaso lwesembozo, futhi incazelo yethangi lokugcina ihlala isezingeni lomoya wonke.
Icala Lomklamo
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ubukhulu |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini | Xinjiang, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 30,469 m³ emathangini angama-27 | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile okufuywa | Yunnan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 11,603 m³ emathangini angama-7 | ukuhlinzeka + ukusekelwa kokusebenza |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile kamasipala | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 17,420 m³ emathangini angama-10 | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi okufuya izinhlanzi | Shandong, China | Ithangi le-GFS | φ10.7 m × 2.4 m | ukuhlinzeka + usizo lokumisa |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isike yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) e-China, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ekusingatheni uketshezi lwasepulazini, uhlelo lusebenza ngevolumu yokugcina ebalwa ngesikhathi sokuphuma, isembozo nomoya okulinganiswa ngomthwalo we-ammonia necebo lokulawula iphunga, kanye nohlelo lwamaphaneli aboshiwe oluvumela umhlambi ukuthi wande ngaphandle kokuleta usonkontileka wokushisela endaweni.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe umanyolo ogcinwe endaweni yendle ithulula ithangi?
A1: Ingaphezulu le-enamel alinakusabela ku-pH 1–14 futhi, ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra, ligcina kancane kakhulu i-biofilm kanye nongqimba lwe-scale lapho kuhlala khona amagciwane abangela ukubola. I-steel substrate ivikelwe ingilazi ehlanganisiwe, ngakho indlela yokwehluleka okufanele iqashelwe ukugqashuka komshini emaphethelweni ephaneli hhayi ukuncipha kwamakhemikhali.
Q2: Ithangi likalwa kanjani epulazini?
A2: Kusukela ekukhiqizeni uketshezi kwansuku zonke kuphindwe ngezinsuku zokugcina ezidingekayo phakathi kokuthululwa, kanye ne-freeboard yegwebu kanye ne-scum. Ikhalenda lokutshala noma lokwelapha linquma isikhathi sokugcina, hhayi ukugeleza kwansuku zonke okujwayelekile.
Q3: Ingabe ithangi lingenziwa likhulu ngemuva kokufakwa?
A3: Yebo. Izifundo ezengeziwe zingengezwa ku-shell ekhona noma ithangi elihambisanayo lingaboshelwa ku-header efanayo. I-concrete ring beam kufanele iqinisekiswe umthwalo owengeziwe ngaphambi kokuba isandiso siqhubeke.
Q4: Yini edingekayo ngephunga?
A4: Isembozo sophahla esine-vent elinganiselwe ukukhipha umhwamuko nokukhiqizwa kwegesi, i-vent iqondiswe eyunithi yokulawula iphunga yesizinda, kanye nokuxuba okuvimbela uqweqwe lwenhlanzi phezu komgudu wokuphuma. Ukumboza nokuxuba kwenza okungaphezu kwanoma yiluphi ushintsho lwe-coating.
Q5: Ingabe ithangi likalwa ngokumelana nengcindezi evela kugesi we-digester?
A5: Cha. Ithangi le-enamel liyisitoreji somoya noma sengcindezi ephansi. Noma yisiphi isikhala segesi ye-digester sigcinwa kuma-kilopascal ambalwa kuphela futhi siphathwa yisembozo se-digester nokukhululwa kwayo kwengcindezi, okuyisikophu esihlukile kusuka ethangini lokugcina.
Q6: Ithangi lihlolwa kangaki?
A6: Ngokubona lapho kukhishwa khona, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-torque yebhawodi ngemuva kokugcwaliswa kokuqala nangemuva konyaka wokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwe-coating yangaphandle kanye nokudonswa kwamanzi e-annulus, kanye nokuhlolwa kabusha kwe-spark kunoma yiliphi iphaneli elikhishiwe futhi elafakwa kabusha. Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yisikhathi sokuphila esiklanyelwe.
Q7: Yimaphi amadokhumenti afika nokulethwa?
A7: Izitifiketi ze-panel mill, ukushuba kwe-enamel kanye namarekhodi okuhlolwa kwe-spark, izinga lebhawodi namarekhodi e-torque, umbiko wokuhlolwa kwe-coating yangaphandle, imidwebo yokuhlanganisa kanye nencwadi yokusebenza nokugcinwa enohlu lokuhlola.
Ekuhlinzekeni ngezinto eziwuketshezi epulazini lezingulube, umbuzo awukona ukuthi ingubo izophila yini kodwa ukuthi igobolondo lingagezwa yini, linwetshwe futhi ligcinwe lisebenza phakathi nomjikelezo weminyaka engamashumi amathathu womhlambi, futhi iphaneli ye-enamel ehlanganisiwe iphendula yonke le mibuzo emithathu kangcono kunokhonkolo noma umugqa ofakiwe. Okokufaka kobunjiniyela yikukhiqiza kwansuku zonke, isikhathi sokugcina kanye newindi lokukhipha, i-ammonia kanye nokuqukethwe kwamakhemikhali okuhlanza, kanye nezibopho zephunga zendawo. Ithangi lensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi lephrojekthi yomhlaba wonke yokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile epulazini lezingulube yehlisa inani lokukhishwa okungahleliwe futhi inikeza indlela esebenzayo yokwengeza umthamo lapho izibaya zandiswa. Thumela usayizi womhlambi, umthamo wokugeza kanye nemvamisa, izinsuku zokugcina, indawo kanye nekhalenda lokukhipha, futhi ukukhetha kuba yiphakethe lokulethwa nokuhlolwa elinosuku.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela inani lezindawo kanye nokuminyana kwesitoko, umthamo wokugeza kanye nemvamisa, izinsuku zokugcina phakathi kokuthululwa, i-ammonia kanye nokuqukethwe kwento yokuhlanza, imingcele yendawo kanye nemvume noma izimo zephunga endaweni. Ithimba lobunjiniyela lizobuyisela ububanzi nokuphakama, uhlelo lwamaphaneli namabhawudi, ukuhlelwa kwesixube kanye ne-nozzle, isincomo sekhava kanye ne-vent, umthwalo wesisekelo kanye nohlelo lokumisa. Uma enye into yegobolondo ilingana kangcono nomsebenzi, leyo nketho ishiwo eceleni kwesixazululo se-enamel nesizathu sayo, hhayi ukuthi sethulwe njengokungena esikhundleni.
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