Ithangi Le-Glass Fused to Steel Lamaphrojekthi Okuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile Emithi Yomhlaba Wonke
Kwadalwa ngo 02.26
Ithangi Lensimbi Encibilikiswe Ngengilazi Lamaphrojekthi Okuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile Emhlabeni Wonke
Ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi elenzelwe amaphrojekthi okuhlanza amanzi angcolile ezemithi emhlabeni wonke linendawo engasebenzi, ehlanzekayo emelene nemifudlana eshintsha i-pH, ethwala izinsalela ze-solvent kanye nezakhi eziqhubekayo zemithi, futhi ekhuculwa ngezinto zokuhlanza ezinamandla. Ungqimba lwe-enamel luhlanganiswa ku-820–930 °C, lukalwa nge-pH 1–14, lukhulu kune-free ngaphansi kwe-0.8 µm Ra futhi lucaciswa iminyaka engamashumi amathathu noma ngaphezulu. Embotsheni eqinisekisiwe inani langempela liwumbhalo: amarekhodi okuhlolwa kwe-spark yasefektri, izitifiketi zezinto kanye nendawo ehlanzekayo esekela iphakethe lobufakazi elifanayo nehlangothi lenqubo.
Amanzi angcolile ezemithi okukhiqiza imishanguzo awaziphathi njengamanzi angcolile kamasipala. Ukukhishwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuleta izinsalela zezincibilikisi, i-COD ephezulu, ukushintshashintsha kwe-pH kanye nezinhlanganisela ezisebenzayo, futhi isikhungo esifanayo sigcwalisa nge-caustic, i-asidi nama-oxidising agents izikhathi eziningana ngesonto. Ithangi eligcina lo mfula kufanele limelane namakhemikhali futhi libonakale likwazi ukuhlanjululwa, okuyisicaciso esihlukile kunokumane limelane nokugqwala. Insimbi yekhabhoni ene-coating idinga irekhodi lokulungisa, ukhonkolo awukwazi ukuqinisekiswa kalula, kanti i-316L stainless esikalini esikhulu sokugcina inezindleko ezingavamile ukuthethelelwa umnotho wokukhiqiza. Isinqumo se-shell ngokuvamile sithathwa ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa kokuklanywa kwezinsiza, lapho ukukhetha kusabiza lutho. Yilapho-ke lapho kucaciswa khona ithangi le-glass fused to steel lamaphrojekthi okwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ezemithi okukhiqiza imishanguzo emhlabeni wonke.
Umngcele Wekhemistri Amanzi Angcolile Ezemithi Abhekana Nawo
Ubukhulu be-enamel kanye nezinga lokushisa lokuhlangana kusetha umngcele wokwehluleka. Ku-tanki yengilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi, i-enamel ishiselwa epaneleni lensimbi ku-820–930 °C, ngakho ingilazi iba yingxenye yephaneli lesakhiwo kunokuba ifilimu efakwe phezu kwalo, futhi ayikwazi ukuphakama noma ukuthamba lapho itanki ikhishwa umoya iya egumbini lenqubo elishisayo noma igcwaliswa nge-caustic eshisayo. I-enamel ilinganiswa ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm², okubalulekile embonini lapho ama-pipe rack, izindlela zokuhamba kanye namatroli okuhlanza kuthinta uqweqwe, futhi ihlala ingasebenzi ku-pH 1–14, ihlanganisa kokubili imifudlana ye-acid ne-caustic ngaphandle kokushintsha kwempahla. Izindlela ezimbili zokwehluleka okufanele ziklanywe zisuswe ukwakheka kwama-pinhole lapho isincibilikisi noma i-oxidiser ihlasela ingilazi endaweni, kanye nokuqhekeka konqenqema ekusikeni kwasefektri, yingakho ukuqedwa konqenqema kusethwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC kuwukuhlolwa kokukhululwa kuwo wonke amaphaneli kunokuba kube ukulungiswa kwesizeni.
Ukuhlanzeka Kanye Nefayela Lokugunyazwa
Udonga olubushelelezi olungenayo i-inert yilokho okuguqula ithangi lokugcina libe yisitsha esiqinisekisiwe. Ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra, i-enamel inikeza indawo encane kakhulu yokuthi i-biofilm noma insalela ekhishiwe ibambelele kuyo, ngakho ukuhlanza kungaqedwa futhi kubhalwe phansi phakathi kwesikhathi esihleliwe sokuvalwa; i-organic lining emahhadlahhadla, elungisiwe ayikwazi ukusho lokho. Lesi sici esifanayo yisona esenza ubufakazi bephaneli ludlulele ohlangothini lwenqubo: i-FDA ne-LFGB yezinto ezithinta ukudla, i-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS lapho ithangi ligcina amanzi esitshalo, kanye ne-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765 ne-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001 zeziqu zokukhiqiza nokuhlanganisa. Ohlelweni lwamanzi angcolile ngokwalo, ifayela lokwamukelwa yilona umcwaningi azokubuza lona kuqala: izitifiketi zomshini wephaneli, amanani okujiya kwe-enamel, amarekhodi okuhlolwa kwe-spark, izinga lamabhawudi namarekhodi e-torque, imidwebo yokuhlanganisa, kanye nencwadi yokusebenza nokunakekela enesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
Ukulinganisa, Ukukhipha Umoya Kanye Nokunakekelwa Kwezincibilikisi Ezixubile
Amaphrofayili okukhipha ngezikhathi ezithile anquma umthamo; umhwamuko we-solvent unquma indawo yokuphuma komoya. Izitshalo ze-Pharma azivamisile ukuba nokugeleza okungaguquki, ngakho-ke ithangi lokulinganisa lilinganiswa ngokwesilinganiso esikhulu kunazo zonke se-batch kanye nevolumu yokugeza, nesikhathi sokuhlala eside ngokwanele ukunciphisa ukushintshashintsha ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ithangi lisemkhathini, ngakho-ke uphahla luyisembozo somoya nomthwalo weqhwa futhi indawo yokuphuma komoya ilinganiswa ngomhwamuko ongaphezu koketshezi nanganoma yikuphi ukususwa kwe-solvent; lapho umhwamuko we-solvent ukhona, indlela yokuphuma komoya nanoma iyiphi iyunithi yokubuyisela noma yekhabhoni kuvunyelwana ngayo nocwaningo lokuphepha kwenqubo kunokuba kushiyelwe emkhubeni wendawo. Ukuxuba nokuhlala kuyizinqumo ezimbili zokuhlelwa: umxubi ohamba kancane uvimbela izinto eziqinile ukuthi zingahlali ngaphansi komgudu wokuphuma, futhi isisekelo esicaba esinendawo yokukhipha udaka sigcina indlela yokukhipha ibonakala kalula lapho ithangi likhishwa ukuze lihlolwe.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Inothi |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa i-enamel | 820–930 °C | ingilazi nensimbi kuncibilikiswa kanye |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | isilinganiso sokukhishwa ngephaneli ngayinye |
Amandla e-enamel | ≥ 3450 N/cm² | isilinganiso sokugoba nokucindezela |
Ukutholwa kwe-Holiday | Ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC | ngepaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | Ra < 0.8 µm | kusekela ukuhlanzeka kanye nobufakazi bokuqinisekisa |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | ngaphakathi kwemingcele ye-pH kanye nezinga lokushisa elishiwo |
Ukumelana ne-pH | 1–14 | imifudlana yokugeza nge-asidi ne-caustic |
Ukwakhiwa kwamalunga | Amabhawodi ezinga lika-8.8, i-EPDM gasket | iyahlolwa, iyaphinda isetshenziswe, i-torque iyarekhodwa |
Lapho Ithangi Le-Enamel Lingena Khona Ku-Utility Train
Ukubekwa kubalulekile ngaphezu komthamo endaweni yemithi. Ithangi lokugeleza elicebile noma elinamandla aphezulu elingaphambi kwesigaba sokwelashwa kwangaphambili noma se-anaerobic lidinga umgogodla wamakhemikhali futhi kaningi isembozo esinomzila wegesi; ithangi lokugcina lokulinganisa lidinga ukuxutshwa okuhle kanye nenkundla yokufaka umthamo; isigcina-mthamo sokugcina ngaphambi kokukhishwa sidinga umthamo kanye nendawo yokuphuma engeke idonse izinto eziqinile ezihlalile. Uhlelo lwamaphaneli aboshiwe lwenza indawo yokusebenzela enamathangi amaningi isebenze: amaphaneli acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi, amaphaneli angu-3–12 mm ubukhulu ngokwakhiwa, ahlanganiswe phezu kwesigxobo esisodwa esiyindandatho, alethwe njengamaphakethe ayisicaba ukuze indawo encane noma isikhathi sokwakha esigabeni singaphoqeleli umsebenzi wokushisela. Uma uhlelo olufanayo luhlanganisa isihlanzi sokuhlanzeka okuphezulu lapho imikhawulo ye-ion yensimbi icacisiwe, leso sitsha esincane sifanele ukuba ku-316L, futhi ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwe-enamel ne-stainless kufanele kubhalwe encazelweni yokusetshenziswa ngesizathu.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Uchungechunge lwe-pharmaceutical epoxy-coated | Hebei, China | Ithangi le-FBE coated | 32,363 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini | Xinjiang, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 30,469 m³ emathangini angama-27 | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile okupheka utshwala | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 14,655 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + usizo lokwakha |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile kamasipala | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 17,420 m³ emathangini ayi-10 | ukuhlinzeka + ukusekela ukusebenza |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngezibophezelo. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Okokusebenza kwezokwelapha lokhu kuba yisembozo se-enamel esihambisana ne-pH elinganisiwe kanye nephrofayili ye-solvent, ukukhethwa kwe-vent ne-gasket okuvunyelwene ngakho nocwaningo lokuphepha kwenqubo, kanye nesethi ephelele yokuhlolwa kwefektri kanye nezitifiketi zezinto ezifakwe efayeleni lokuqinisekisa kunokuba kukhishwe njengamaphepha axegayo ekunikezelweni.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe i-enamel ingakwazi ukumelana nezinsalela ze-solvent kanye namakhemikhali okuhlanza okushisayo?
A1: Ingqimba ye-enamel ayinazinto eziphilayo futhi ayisebenzi ku-pH 1–14, ngakho-ke ukuhlanza nge-asidi, i-caustic kanye ne-oxidising ejwayelekile kungaphakathi kwemingcele evunyelwe. Izincibilikisi ze-organic zibhekwa ngokuqhathanisa ne-specification ye-enamel; noma yini engaphandle kwaleyo mingcele ibonakala ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwephaneli, hhayi ngemuva kokugcwaliswa kwethangi.
Q2: Ingabe ithangi libalwa njengesitsha sokucindezela?
A2: Cha. Ithangi le-glass fused to steel liyisitoreji se-atmospheric noma esinezingcindezi eziphansi. Uphahla lwakhelwe umoya kanye nomthwalo weqhwa ngomoya ohambisa umoya ohlelwe ukuhambisa umusi, futhi noma yisiphi isikhala segesi sigcinwa kuma-kilopascals ambalwa kuphela, ngokukhululeka njengoba kudingwa yi-specification yephrojekthi.
Q3: Yibuphi ubufakazi obusekela ifayela lokuqinisekisa?
A3: Izitifiketi zephaneli yokugaya, ukujiya kwe-enamel kanye namarekhodi okuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC, izinga lamabhawudi namarekhodi e-torque, isitifiketi sempahla yokusetshenziswa ekudleni nasekuxhumaneni namanzi lapho kusebenza khona, imidwebo yokuhlanganisa, kanye nencwadi yokusebenza nokulungisa enesikhathi sokuhlola.
Q4: Ithangi lihlanjululwa kanjani ngemuva komkhankaso onezinto ezisebenzayo?
A4: Likhishwe, ligezwe nge-CIP chemistry yefektri uqobo, futhi lahlolwa ngamehlo ngesikhathi sokuvalwa. Udonga olubushelelezi olungasebenzi ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra lusho ukuthi ukuhlanza kungena esikhathini sokuvalwa, okuyinto umugqa ogqinsiwe wamapheshana ongakwazi ukuyenza.
Q5: Kunini lapho i-stainless iyimpendulo engcono?
A5: Kuma-polisher amancane, anobumsulwa obuphezulu lapho imikhawulo ye-ion yensimbi noma imfuneko ethile ye-alloy ibhalwe enqubweni. I-enamel iphethe ukugcinwa okukhulu kanye nemigqa yokwelapha; ukuhlukaniswa kuyisinqumo senqubo, futhi lezi zinketho ezimbili kufanele zilinganiswe izindleko zazo ndawonye.
Umbuzo 6: Ingabe indawo yokusebenzela inganwetshwa kamuva?
Impendulo 6: Yebo. Amaphaneli abhawodiwe avumela amathangi engeziwe noma izigaba ezengeziwe kuqweqwe olukhona. I-ring beam iyahlolwa ukuthola umthwalo owengeziwe ngaphambi kokuba ukunwetshwa kuvunywe, futhi ithangi elisha lixhuma ku-header efanayo.
Umbuzo 7: Yiziphi izinto eziyinhloko zokuhlola phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amathathu?
Impendulo 7: Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwendawo yangaphakathi ngesikhathi sokumiswa ngakunye, ukuhlolwa kwe-torque ngemva kokugcwaliswa kokuqala nangemva konyaka wokuqala, ukuhlolwa kokuqedwa kwangaphandle nokuhambisa kwamanzi ku-annulus, kanye nokuhlolwa kabusha kwe-spark kunoma yiliphi iphaneli elikhishiwe futhi lafakwa kabusha.
I-efluent yezemithi yezokwelapha ifuna indawo ebambelekayo engasebenzi ngamakhemikhali, elula ukufakazela ukuthi ihlanzekile futhi ebhalisiwe ngaphambi kokuba ifike endaweni: iphaneli ye-enamel-to-steel iyanelisa konke lokhu okuthathu, inesikhathi sokuphila esimiselwe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu kanye nerekhodi lokuhlolwa kwasefektri eliba yingxenye yefayela lokuqinisekisa. Ukulandelana kobunjiniyela kuhlala kufana nakunoma iyiphi indawo yokusebenzela — linganisa amavolumu eqoqo nokugeleza okuphezulu, bhala uhla lwe-pH nohlu lwezincibilikisi, cacisa i-vent ne-gasket, bese ulinganisa igobolondo. Ithangi le-glass fused to steel lamaphrojekthi okwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ezemithi emhlabeni wonke liyisinqumo esiqinile, esilula ukuqinisekisa emikhunjini emikhulu, kuyilapho ama-polisher e-high-purity ahlala ku-alloy. Thumela iphrofayela yeqoqo, ububanzi be-pH, uhlu lwezincibilikisi kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu, bese ukukhethwa kuphenduka iphakethe lokulethwa namadokhumenti anedethi.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela umthamo wokukhipha ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokugeleza ngehora, ububanzi be-pH, inani le-solvent ne-oxidiser, amazinga okushisa aphezulu oketshezi nomhwamuko, indawo etholakalayo kanye nezidingo zokuqinisekisa noma zokucwaninga. Ithimba lobunjiniyela lizobuyisela ububanzi nokuphakama, uhlelo lwamaphaneli namabhawodi, isincomo se-gasket ne-vent, umthwalo wesisekelo, uhlu lokuhlolwa kwasefekthri nesitifiketi, kanye nohlelo lokwakha. Lapho umsebenzi udinga ngempela into ehlukile yegobolondo, leyo ndlela ehlukile ibalulwa eceleni kwenketho ye-enamel ngesizathu esikhundleni sokuyishintsha.
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