Ithangi Lensimbi Ehlanganiswe Nengilazi Lokuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile Ezinhlelweni Zomhlaba Wonke Zokucubungula Ijusi
Kwadalwa ngo 02.26
Ithangi Lensimbi Elihlanganiswe Ngengilazi Lamaphrojekthi Okuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile Okucubungula Ijusi Emhlabeni Wonke
Ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi elisetshenziselwa amaphrojekthi okuhlanza amanzi angcolile okucubungula ujusi emhlabeni wonke ligcina indawo ebamba ingaguquki ngamakhemikhali futhi ilula ukuhlanza ngokomzimba, okuyinto ebalulekile lapho amanzi angcolile athwala ama-asidi ezithelo, ushukela, imvubelo kanye nengxube eqinile yokuhlanza endaweni. I-enamel ihlanganiswa nensimbi ku-820–930 °C, imelana ne-pH 1–14, igcina ukuqhubeka kwendawo ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra futhi ilinganiselwa iminyaka engamashumi amathathu noma ngaphezulu. Umphumela ongokoqobo ukuncipha kwe-biofilm nokunqwabelana kwesikala, ukuncipha kokuvalwa kokuhlanza, kanye nendawo esekela ubufakazi obufanayo bokuthintana nokudla obudingekayo ohlangothini lokucubungula.
I-wastewater yasekhishini lejusi ayifani ne-potable side yalelo khishi. Umfula ufudumele, ugcwele ushukela, u-acidic ngenxa yesithelo ngokwaso, futhi ugcwele i-pulp ne-yeast ngemuva komkhankaso; ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzi bageza imigqa nge-caustic ne-nitric acid izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. I-carbon steel ene-coating ilahlekelwa ifilimu yayo ngenxa yalokho kushintshashintsha, ukhonkolo unamabala futhi ugcina i-yeast phakathi kokuthela, kanti i-stainless steel ibiza kakhulu kunalokho umsebenzi owudingayo emavolumu amakhulu okugcina. Isinqumo ngokuvamile sithathwa kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba imidwebo yamathangi iqandisiwe. Ithangi le-glass fused to steel lamaphrojekthi okuhlanza i-wastewater yokucubungula ijusi emhlabeni wonke lifaka indawo yokudla engaphakathi engabonakali ku-shell ngaphandle kokuhambisa iphrojekthi endaweni yokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ye-welded scope.
Kungani Indawo Engenazinto Eziphilayo Ifanele Amanzi Angcolile Asembonini Yokudla
Ubukhulu be-enamel kanye nezinga lokushisa lokuhlangana kusetha umngcele wokwehluleka. Ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi lithwala ungqimba lwe-vitreous olushiselwa kupanele lensimbi ku-820–930 °C, ngakho ingilazi nensimbi zisebenza njengento eyodwa esikhundleni sokuba ungqimba olunamatheliswe ngokunamathela, futhi akukho filimu ephilayo ezothamba ngaphansi kokugezwa okushisayo noma ephakame uma amanzi efika ensimbini engemuva kwayo. I-enamel ilinganiswa ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm², ngakho imunca ukuthintana komshini okukhiqizwa yisitshalo sokudla okuvela kumahosha, amapulatifomu kanye nabasebenzi bokuhlanza, futhi ihlala izinzile ngobukhulu phakathi nokushintshashintsha kokushisa kwe-CIP eshisayo ephindaphindiwe. Izindlela zokwehluleka okufanele ziklanyelwe ukumelana nazo ukwakheka kwezimbobo ezincane ezivela ekuhlaselweni okugxilile okungapheliyo engilazini kanye nokuqhekeka kwemiphetho lapho amapanele esikwa, ngakho imboni ilawula ukuqedwa komphetho futhi ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi ye-1500 V DC kupanele ngakunye kuba ubufakazi obhalisiwe bokuthi akukho holiday eyathunyelwa.
Ukuhlanzeka Kuyisicaciso Esibaluleke Kakhulu
I-Surface roughness inquma ukuthi ithangi lidinga ukuhlanjululwa okungakanani. Ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra, i-enamel finish inika ushukela, i-pectin kanye ne-yeast okuncane kakhulu abangabambelela kukho, ngakho-ke i-biological film eyenza ithangi lokugcina elingasasebenzi kahle libe muncu ikhula kancane futhi umthamo we-clean-in-place ungancishiswa. Leyo yipropathi efanayo uhlangothi lwenqubo oluthembela kuyo ekuthintaneni nokudla, futhi isethi yesitifiketi esifanayo iyasebenza: i-FDA ne-LFGB yezinto ezithinta ukudla emanzini okuphuza kanye nemifudlana yenqubo, i-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS lapho ithangi ligcina khona amanzi okusetshenziswa embonini. Ohlelweni lwamanzi angcolile ngokwalo impikiswano iwukulungisa kunokuhambisana nemithetho: udonga olubushelelezi olungenzi lutho lusho ukuthi ithangi lingakhishwa, lihlanjululwe nge-hose futhi libuyiselwe emsebenzini phakathi nesikhathi sokusebenza, kuyilapho i-lining emahhadlahhadla elungisiwe ingadinga ukuhlanjululwa okuphelele nokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuba ikhishwe.
Ukulinganisa, Ukukhipha Umoya Nokulawula Iphunga Emboni Yomkhankaso
Amaphiko e-flow anquma umthamo; ikhalenda lomkhankaso linquma ukuhlelwa. Ukukhishwa kwe-juice kunomjikelezo oqinile: umugqa wokucindezela ungase usebenze ngokugcwele amahora ayishumi bese ume ishifti elilodwa, futhi ithangi lokulinganisa kufanele limunce amaphiko ukuze ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji kungakhukhuleki. Ngenxa yokuthi amaphaneli acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi futhi igobolondo lihlanganiswa njengesilinda, ububanzi nokuphakama kukhethwa kusukela ku-flow yesikhathi esiphakeme ngesikhathi esidingekayo sokuhlala, kanye ne-freeboard yesendlalelo segwebu esihlala sikhiqizwa umfudlana ocebile ushukela. Ithangi lisemkhathini, ngakho uphahla luyisembozo esilinganiswe umoya kanye nomthwalo weqhwa elinendawo yokukhipha umoya elinganiswe ukususwa komhwamuko, futhi lapho umfudlana unegciwane indlela yokukhipha umoya iyiswa eyunithi yokulawula iphunga kunokuba ikhishwe ethangini. Ezitshalweni zezinkathi eziningi ithangi lesibili elihambisanayo ngokuvamile lishibhile kunokwakha kabusha elilodwa, futhi ukuhlangana okuboshiwe kusho ukuthi lingengezwa ngaphandle kwemvume yokusika nokushisela esizeni.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokuncibilika kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi ekushiseni okukodwa |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | isilinganiso sokukhishwa ngepaneli ngayinye |
Amandla e-enamel | ≥ 3450 N/cm² | isilinganiso sokugoba nokucindezela |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | ukutholwa kweholide ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | Ra < 0.8 µm | ukuhlanzeka kokuthintana nokudla, isisekelo esiphansi se-biofilm |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | ngaphakathi kwe-pH nemingcele yokushisa ecacisiwe |
ukumelana ne-pH | 1–14 | ama-asidi ezithelo nge-caustic ne-nitric CIP |
Okuhlanganyelwe | amabhawodi e-8.8-grade, i-EPDM gasket | kuhlolwa, kusetshenziswe kabusha, i-torque iqoshwa |
Ukusebenzisa Ithangi Le-Enamel Kuwo Wonke Umugqa Wejusi
Lapho amathangi ehlezi khona esitimeleni kuchaza ukuthi ngalinye kufanele lenzeni. Ithangi lokulinganisa elingaphambi kokwelashwa lidinga umthamo nendawo ezolile enesikhala sokukhipha udaka; ithangi lokulungisa i-pH lidinga iphakethe elinamandla lokufaka nokuxuba kanye nomgudu wokukhipha umoya obamba umhwamuko ovela ekwengezweni kwe-asidi; ithangi lokudla kwe-biological noma le-lagoon lidinga indawo yokungena engagundi i-biomass ehlalile. Ezindaweni zejusi, iphethini esebenza kahle iqoqo lamathangi e-cylindrical enamel ku-ring beam eyodwa, ngalinye linomgwaqo womuntu, indawo yokuphuma ene-nozzle nophahla, efakwa ngemva kokuba izisekelo zigroutwe futhi ziqaliswe ngaphakathi kwesikhathi sokumiswa. Uma indawo efanayo futhi idinga umkhumbi wenqubo noma womkhiqizo, impikiswano yezinto isasebenza, kodwa ukukalwa kuvela ekulinganisweni komkhiqizo hhayi ekugelezeni kwamanzi angcolile futhi kufanele kucaciswe ngokwehlukile.
Icala Lomklamo
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini | Xinjiang, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 30,469 m³ emathangini angama-27 | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile okupheka utshwala | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 14,655 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + usizo lokwakha |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile okufuya | Yunnan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 11,603 m³ emathangini angama-7 | ukuhlinzeka + ukusekela ukusebenza |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile kamasipala | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 17,420 m³ emathangini angu-10 | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ane-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Kumanzi angcolile okudla neziphuzo, ukusetshenziswa kuwudonga olubushelelezi olungenzi lutho oluthatha ikhemistri ye-CIP yezitshalo ngokwalo ngaphandle kokuwohloka, kusekelwa isitifiketi sokuthintana nokudla namanzi okuphuza esizobuzwa ukuhlolwa, kanye nerekhodi lokuhlolwa kwenhlansi eligcinwa njengengxenye yefayela lokwamukelwa kwesitshalo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe i-enamel isabalwa njengezinga lokudla ohlangothini lwamanzi angcolile?
A1: Yebo. Ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra futhi nge-FDA kanye nobufakazi bezinto zokudla ze-LFGB, iphaneli efanayo ebamba amanzi enqubo ingabamba uhlangothi lwamanzi angcolile. Emsebenzini wamanzi okuphuza i-NSF/ANSI 61 kanye ne-WRAS yizitifiketi okufanele uzicele ngokusobala.
Q2: Ingabe ukuhlanza nge-caustic eshisayo kungalimaza i-enamel?
A2: Cha. I-enamel ayisebenzi ku-pH 1–14 futhi ayithambisi ngokushisa. Setha izinga lokushisa eliphezulu loketshezi nomhwamuko encazelweni, ngoba lezo zinombolo zikhetha i-gasket kanye ne-vent, hhayi i-enamel.
Q3: Kukangaki ithangi lamanzi angcolile ejusi lidinga ukuhlanza?
A3: Ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kwenqubo noma ekushintsheni komkhankaso hhayi ngesikhathi esifushane, ngoba udonga olubushelelezi olungenzi lutho lubamba imvubelo ne-pectin encane kakhulu kune-lining yemvelo eqoshiwe. Isikhathi sokuhlola sihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwendawo okubonakalayo kanye nokuhlolwa kabusha kwe-torque yebhawodi ngemuva konyaka wokuqala.
Umbuzo 4: Iphathwa kanjani igwebu emfudlaneni ocebile ngoshukela?
Impendulo 4: Nge-freeboard elinganiselwe ungqimba lwegwebu kanye ne-vent elinganiselwe ukususwa komhwamuko, kokubili kuthathwe kudatha yenqubo. Lapho igwebu lidlula, kwengezwa uphahla olunesivikelo sokugoba kanye nomugqa wokubuyisela ozinikele esikhundleni sokumane kwandiswe i-vent.
Umbuzo 5: Singengeza ithangi lesibili lesizini elandelayo?
Impendulo 5: Yebo. Amaphaneli aboshiwe acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi avumela ithangi elihambisanayo ku-header efanayo noma izigaba ezengeziwe ku-shell ekhona, inqobo nje uma i-ring beam ihlolwa umthwalo owengeziwe. Lokho ngokuvamile kuyashesha kunokushintsha ithangi elishiseliwe.
Umbuzo 6: Kuthiwani ngephunga elivela emfudlaneni we-septic?
A6: Ithangi lihlala lisemkhathini futhi livulekele umoya; indlela yokukhipha umoya iqondiswa egunjini lokulawula iphunga lesizinda. Ukugcina indawo ibushelelezi nokuthi ithangi likhishwe amanzi phakathi kwemikhankaso kunciphisa isimo sokubola esidala iphunga ekuqaleni.
Q7: Yimiphi imibhalo oyinikezayo ukuze ihlolwe?
A7: Izitifiketi zokugaya zephaneli, ukujiya kwe-enamel namarekhodi okuhlolwa kwe-spark, izinga lamabhawodi namarekhodi e-torque, isitifiketi sempahla yokusetshenziswa ekudleni, imidwebo yokuhlanganisa kanye nencwadi yokusebenza enesheduli yesikhathi sokuhlola.
I-efluent yejusi iwukuhamba okufudumele, okune-asidi, okugcwele ushukela okuhlaselwa kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngesikhathi esisodwa ngamakhemikhali, ngamakhemikhali okuhlanza nangokwebhayoloji, futhi indawo ye-enamel-to-steel iyinto ebambelekayo emelana nakho konke lokhu kathathu ngaphandle kohlelo lokulungisa. Ukulandelana kobunjiniyela akushintshi kwenye indawo embonini: linganisa ukuhamba okuphezulu, qopha amakhemikhali e-CIP kanye nezinga lokushisa, setha isikhathi sokuhlala, bese ulinganisa ububanzi nokuphakama. Ithangi le-glass fused to steel lamaphrojekthi okuhlanza amanzi angcolile ejusi emhlabeni wonke lizohlala isikhathi eside kune-lining efakwayo ngesikhathi eside kakhulu phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amathathu yokuklama, futhi lingandiswa noma liphindwe njengoba umkhankaso ukhula. Thumela iphrofayili yokuhamba, amakhemikhali okuhlanza, amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nemikhawulo yendawo, futhi ukukhethwa kuphenduka uhlelo olunosuku kanye nephakethe yamadokhumenti.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela ukuhamba kwamanzi kwansuku zonke kanye nokuphezulu ngehora, ama-asidi ezithelo nomthwalo kashukela, amakhemikhali e-CIP anokugxila kanye namazinga okushisa, isiza esitholakalayo, ikhalenda yomkhankaso kanye nosuku lokuqala ukusebenza. Ithimba lobunjiniyela lizobuyisela ububanzi nokuphakama, uhlelo lwamaphaneli namabhawudi, isincomo se-gasket ne-vent, umthwalo wesisekelo, uhlu lwemibhalo yokuxhumana nokudla namanzi kanye nohlelo lokwakha. Uma enye into yegobolondo ifaneleka kangcono umsebenzi, leyo nketho ishiwo eceleni kwesixazululo se-enamel nesizathu sayo.
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