Ithangi Le-Glass Fused to Steel Lemiklamo Yokwelashwa Kwamanzi Angcolile Amakhemikhali
Kwadalwa ngo 02.12
Ithangi Lensimbi Ehlanganiswe Nengilazi Lamaphrojekthi Okuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile Amakhemikhali
Ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi lamaphrojekthi okuhlanza amanzi angcolile amakhemikhali lixazulula ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamanzi angcolile agqamayo nohlelo lwephrojekthi oluqinile: ungqimba lwengilazi alunazinto ezisebenzayo ku-pH 1–14, ipuleti lensimbi lithwala umthwalo womshini, futhi amaphaneli afika ehlanganiswe efektri, ehlolwe nge-spark futhi eboshwe ngezibophezelo, ngakho ukwakhiwa kulinganiswa ngamaviki kunokuba kube yimikhankaso yokushisela. Hlela ububanzi be-pH nezinga lokushisa kuqala, bese kuba ububanzi bethangi, ubude nokukhipha umoya. Izindlela ezimbili zokwehluleka okufanele zilawulwe ukuqhekeka koqweqwe lwengilazi emaphethelweni okusikwa kwamaphaneli nokuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali ngaphandle kwesikhathi esishiwo se-pH.
I-injiniyela yesitshalo evula umkhakha wamanzi angcolile amakhemikhali ngokuvamile ithola imigoqo emithathu ngesikhathi esisodwa: umfudlana oguqukayo usuka ekubeni yi-asidi enamandla uye ekubeni yi-alkaline enamandla phakathi kosuku olulodwa, uhlelo oluhambisana nomnqamulajuqu wemvume, kanye neqembu lokusebenza elingakwazi ukumisa inqubo ukuze kulungiswe i-lining. Insimbi ye-carbon ene-lining efakiwe iyahluleka emseleni nakuwo wonke ukulungiswa kwe-weld; ukhonkolo uyachitheka ezihlangwini zokwakha; futhi insimbi engagqwali ikhethwa ngomkhuba, hhayi nge-chloride ne-sulphide esemfudlaneni ngempela. Ukukhetha i-shell kusenesikhathi kugwema ukushintshwa kwe-oda phakathi nomsebenzi. Ithangi le-glass elihlanganiswe nensimbi lamaphrojekthi okwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile amakhemikhali lifaka indawo engaphakathi, engasebenzi ngamakhemikhali exhumana namanzi angcolile kuyilapho ligcina umnotho we-shell ehlanganisiwe, eyakhiwe efektri.
Okushintshwa Ukuhlanganisa Uma Kuqhathaniswa Nokufakwa Kwengubo
Ubukhulu be-enamel kanye nezinga lokushisa lokuncibilika kusetha umngcele wokwehluleka. Emaqembini ensimbi ancibilikisiwe, ungqimba lwe-vitreous lushiswa efulethini lensimbi ku-820–930 °C ukuze ingilazi nensimbi zakhe umzimba owodwa oqhubekayo; akukho ngqimba lwe-adhesive lokugcwalisa, ukuphakamisa nokubhamuza. I-enamel ilinganiswa ngaphezu kuka-3450 N/cm², ngakho-ke ibekezelela ukuthintana komshini okukhiqizwa yimboni yamakhemikhali kusuka kuzisekelo zamapayipi, izindlela zokuhamba kanye nomsebenzi wokulungisa, futhi ayithameli lapho ithangi likhishwa emoyeni osemhlabeni wasehlobo elishisayo. Izindlela ezimbili zokukhubazeka ukwakheka kwezimbobo ezincane kusuka ekuhlaselweni kwamakhemikhali endaweni ethile kanye nokuqhekeka kwemiphetho lapho amaphaneli esikwa, ngakho-ke imiphetho yamaphaneli iyagqunywa futhi inani lezimbobo lisethwa efektri esikhundleni sokuthathwa njengokulungiswa kwesayithi. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ku-1500 V DC kwenziwa kuwo wonke amaphaneli ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa: i-holiday etholakala efektri iyinto yokufayila, i-holiday etholakala ngemva kokuqaliswa iyinto yokuvalwa.
Ukuhlela Umkhakha Wamanzi Angcolile Ngaphambi Kokukhetha Amaphaneli
I-pH kanye nezinga lokushisa elizungezile yikho okuqondisa ukucaciswa, hhayi okuphambene nalokho. I-effluent yamakhemikhali ayivamisile ukuba nenani elilodwa elizinzile; i-neutralisation train ingabona i-pH 2 ingxenye yosuku kanye ne-pH 11 ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-batch, futhi zombili lezi zimo eziqhelelene zingaphakathi kokubekezelelwa kwe-enamel okungu-1–14, okuyisizathu sangempela sokukhetha ithangi le-glass fused to steel esikhundleni se-organic lining ewohlokayo ekugcineni kwe-alkaline. Izinga lokushisa libalulekile ku-joint gasket kanye nomklamo we-vent kunokuba libalulekile ku-enamel ngokwayo, ngakho-ke idizayini yesimo kufanele irekhode izinga lokushisa eliphezulu loketshezi kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lomhwamuko ngaphezu koketshezi, ngoba lezi zinombolo ezimbili zilinganisa i-vent futhi zikhetha inhlanganisela ye-gasket. Lapho umfudlana uphethe izinto eziqinile ezilengayo noma usawoti obumbekayo, isu liyashintsha futhi: i-stilling noma i-hopper bottom yehlisa ukugcwala kukasawoti endaweni yokuphuma, futhi isikhathi sokuhlola kufanele sifake ukuhlolwa kokususa i-scale.
Ijiyomethri Yethangi, Ukukhipha Umoya kanye Nokwakhiwa Kwamajoyinti Okusebenza Kwemboni
Ukusebenza komkhathi yisisekelo sokuklama, futhi kulawula uphahla nokukhipha umoya. Ithangi le-enamel eliboshwe ngamabhawodi ngokwencazelo liyisitsha somfutho ophansi: uketshezi lugcinwa ezingeni lomkhathi, futhi noma yikuphi ukuqoqwa kwegesi njengendawo yegesi ye-digester kugcinwa kuma-kilopascal ambalwa kuphela ngaphezu kwendawo ezungezile. Lokho kusho ukuthi uphahla luyisembozo esikhipha amanzi ngokukhululekile esilinganiselwe umthwalo weqhwa nomoya, hhayi igobolondo lomfutho, futhi isikhala sokukhipha umoya silinganiselwe ukususwa komhwamuko nanoma yiliphi igesi ekhiqizwa umfudlana. Igobolondo lakhiwe ngamaphaneli acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi, 3–12 mm ukujiya ngokokuklama, avalwa ngamabhawodi ezinga le-8.8 kanye ne-EPDM gasket, okunikeza ilunga elingasetshenziswa kabusha, elihlolakalayo futhi kuvumela isitshalo ukuthi sengeze ukuphakama noma ithangi lesibili ngaphandle kwemvume yokushisela. Ezindaweni zamakhemikhali ubuso bangaphandle nabo budinga uhlelo lwalo lokulwa nokugqwala, njengoba indawo ezungezile yethangi ngokuvamile yilapho kuhla khona umusi we-asidi.
Imininingwane Yobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Inothi |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa i-Enamel | 820–930 °C | ukushisa kanye kuphela, ingilazi inamathela ensimbi |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-Enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | kulinganiswa kuwo wonke amaphaneli okukhiqiza |
Amandla e-Enamel | ≥ 3450 N/cm² | isilinganiso sokugoba nokucindezela |
Ukutholwa kweholide | ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC | ukuhlolwa kokukhishwa kwefektri ngepaneli ngayinye |
Ukuqina kwendawo | Ra < 0.8 µm | kunciphisa ukunqwabelana kwemfucumfucu, kusiza ukuhlanza |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | ngaphakathi kwe-pH enqunyiwe kanye nobubanzi bokushisa |
ukubekezelelwa kwe-pH | 1–14 | kuhlanganisa imifudlana ye-asidi ne-alkaline eshintshashintshayo |
Izibophelelo | Amabhawudi e-8.8-grade, i-EPDM gasket | iyasetshenziswa kabusha, ilawulwa nge-torque esizeni |
Lapho i-GFS Ifaneleka Khona Ohlelweni Lwamanzi Angcolile Amakhemikhali
Ukubekwa endaweni ohlelweni lwenqubo ngokuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu kunesilinganiso sethangi. Ukulinganisa ngaphambi kwesigaba sokunciphisa noma sebhayoloji kudinga umthamo omelana nokugeleza okuphezulu, ngakho-ke ukukalwa kungukubalwa kokugeleza kanti ukukhethwa kwempahla kungukubalwa kwamakhemikhali; ithangi lokuhlanza noma lokugcina ngaphambi komshini wokucindezela isihlungi lidinga isisekelo esicaba nendlela yokukhipha udaka; ithangi lamanzi ane-asidi eningi lidinga indawo ye-enamel nomgudu wokuphefumula okalwe ngokomthwalo womhwamuko. Ezingadini eziningi zamakhemikhali nezimboni iphethini iqoqo lamathangi ayisilinda e-enamel asesigxotsheni esisodwa sokweseka, elinye noma amabili awo anomgudu wokuphefumula ophahleni nemigudu yokungena yabasebenzi, afakwa yiqembu elifanayo elagcwalisa izisekelo ngodaka. Lapho isitshalo kamuva sidinga umthamo owengeziwe, uhlelo oluboshiwe luvumela ukwengeza amaphaneli kuqokobhe olukhona noma ukufaka iyunithi efanayo, okuvamise ukushesha kunokushintsha ithangi elishiselwe.
Icala Lomklamo
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile amakhemikhali | I-Zhejiang, e-China | Ithangi le-GFS | 11,613 m³ (φ24.45 m × 19.8 m) | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini | I-Xinjiang, e-China | Ithangi le-GFS | 30,469 m³ emathangini angama-27 | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa kokufakwa |
Uchungechunge lwamakhemikhali e-Epoxy-coated | I-Guangxi, e-China | Ithangi le-FBE coated | 4,771 m³ emathangini angama-11 | ukuhlinzeka + usizo lokwakha |
Uchungechunge lwamanzi angcolile kamasipala | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 17,420 m³ emathangini ayi-10 | ukuhlinzeka + ukusekela ukusebenza |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) e-China, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kuka-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Emsebenzini wokukhipha amakhemikhali, ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo i-envelope ye-enamel ehambisana ne-pH elinganiselwe kanye nebanga lokushisa, ukukhethwa kwe-vent ne-gasket okuhlobene nalowo mthwalo womhwamuko, kanye nerekhodi lokuhlolwa kwe-spark eliba yingxenye yefayela lokwamukelwa kwesitshalo esikhundleni selogi yokulungisa yakamuva.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ithangi le-GFS lingakwazi ukuphatha umfudlana oshintsha phakathi kwe-pH 2 ne-pH 11?
A1: Yebo. Ungqimba lwe-enamel alunazinto ezishintshayo ku-pH 1–14, ngakho ukushintsha kwansuku zonke okungalimaza isembozo sezinto eziphilayo kungaphakathi kakhulu kwengqimba ye-enamel. Bhala ububanzi bokushintsha encazelweni ukuze ukukhethwa kwe-gasket, i-vent kanye nophahla kwenziwe ngokwesimo esibi kakhulu, hhayi isilinganiso.
Q2: Ingabe ithangi liyisitsha sokucindezela?
A2: Cha. Ithangi lensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi liyigobolondo lokugcina elisemkhathini noma elinengcindezi ephansi. Uphahla lwakhelwe umoya kanye nomthwalo weqhwa, futhi noma iyiphi indawo yegesi isebenza ngama-kilopascal ambalwa kuphela, ngesisetshenziswa sokukhipha umoya njengoba kudingwa incazelo yephrojekthi.
Q3: Ingabe i-enamel ivikelwa kanjani emaphethelweni asikiwe amaphaneli?
A3: Imiphetho yamaphaneli iyagqunywa futhi iphethini yezimbobo isethwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Ukuqhekeka komphetho kuyindlela yokwehluleka eyaziwayo, ngakho umsebenzi wasesizeni kufanele ugweme ukushaywa yimishini yokuphakamisa futhi imikhawulo yezimbobo akufanele inqunywe esizeni.
Q4: Yisiphi isikhathi sokuhlola?
A4: Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwendawo yangaphakathi ngesikhathi sokumiswa kwenqubo ngayinye, ukuhlolwa kwe-torque yebhawudi ngemuva kokugcwaliswa kokuqala nangemuva konyaka wokuqala wokusebenza, kanye nokuhlolwa kabusha kwe-spark kunoma yiliphi iphaneli elikhishiwe futhi labuyiselwa. Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu iyimpilo yokuklama ngaphakathi kwesikhawu esishiwo.
Q5: Ingabe isitshalo singengeza umthamo kamuva?
A5: Yebo. Uhlelo lwephaneli oluboshiwe luvumela izifundo ezengeziwe kuqweqwe olukhona, ukwenyuka kobude ngaphakathi komthamo wesisekelo, noma ithangi elihambisanayo elixhunywe ku-header efanayo; i-ring beam ekhona kufanele iqinisekiswe umthwalo owengeziwe.
Q6: Uyilinganisa kanjani i-vent?
A6: Kusukela ezingeni lokushisa okuphezulu koketshezi, umhwamuko ongaphezu koketshezi, nanoma yimuphi umoya okhiqizwa ukusabela noma umsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo emseleni. Lezo zinto ezintathu zokufaka yizona ezidingwa ukubalwa kwe-vent, futhi kufanele zithathwe kumklamo wenqubo, hhayi ukucatshangelwa.
Q7: Yini ehlukile emseleni wamakhemikhali ane-chloride ephezulu?
A7: I-chloride ihlasela insimbi ye-carbon steel ehlanganisiwe futhi ingagqamisa i-304 stainless, ngakho indawo ye-enamel iyimpendulo evamile yokubamba okukhulu; i-316L noma izinga le-duplex ligcinelwe ama-polisher amancane, ahlanzekile kakhulu, ane-chloride ephezulu lapho imikhawulo ye-ion yensimbi isebenza.
Kuqeqesho lwamanzi angcolile amakhemikhali, indawo ye-enamel eboshwe ensimbi ku-820–930 °C iyinketho esinda kokubili umkhawulo onamakhemikhali okhipha umhlabathi kanye nomkhawulo onamakhemikhali okhipha umhlabathi ngaphandle kohlelo lokulungisa i-lining, futhi uhlelo lwamaphaneli aboshwe ngezibophezelo iyinketho engakwazi ukwakhiwa futhi yandiswe ngaphakathi kwesikhathi sephrojekthi esinzima. Bhala ububanzi be-pH, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, izinga le-chloride kanye nokugeleza okuphezulu, futhi impahla, ububanzi kanye nokuphakama kulandela ngqo. Ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi lokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile amakhemikhali liyinketho ephansi yomjikelezo wempilo lapho umfula wamanzi angcolile unomhlabathi ngempela, futhi isinqumo kufanele sithathwe esigabeni sokuklama inqubo hhayi ngemva kokuhluleka kokuqala kwe-lining.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela ukwakheka kwamanzi angcolile kanye nobubanzi be-pH obulinganisiwe, ukugeleza okuphezulu kanye nokujwayelekile, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu loketshezi nomhwamuko, okuqukethwe kwe-chloride ne-sulphide, kanye nemikhawulo yesakhiwo kanye nesheduli. Ithimba lizobuyisela ububanzi nokuphakama kwethangi, ukujiya kwephaneli, isincomo se-gasket ne-vent, isibalo somthwalo wesisekelo, uhlu lwemibhalo yokuhlolwa kwasefektri nokwamukelwa, kanye nohlelo lokulethwa. Lapho enye into yegobolondo ifaneleka kangcono, leyo ndlela ehlukile ibalulwa eduze kwenketho ye-enamel nesizathu, hhayi ukukhuthazwa esikhundleni sayo.
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