Amathangi Amanzi Olwandle E-Glass Ehlanganiswe Nensimbi Ukuze Asetshenziswe Ogwini Nasezindaweni Zasolwandle
Kwadalwa ngo 09.02
Amathangi Amanzi Olwandle Engilazi Enamatheliswe Ensimbini Okusetshenziselwa Izindawo Zasogwini Nezasolwandle
Ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi emathangini amanzi olwandle ixazulula inkinga ye-chloride ngokubeka indawo yengilazi engasebenzi phakathi kwamanzi olwandle nesakhiwo. I-enamel ihlanganiswa nezingqimba zensimbi ye-carbon ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, ubukhulu obungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm futhi kulinganiswa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², ihlolwe nge-spark ku-1500 V DC kuwo wonke amaphaneli, futhi ikwazi ukumelana ne-pH 1 kuya ku-14. Ukugqwala kwe-chloride, ukwehluleka okuqeda igobolondo le-carbon noma le-galvanized phakathi neminyaka embalwa, akunandlela yokudlula kungqimba ehlanganisiwe eqhubekayo. Amaphaneli acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi abotshelwa ndawonye ngamabhawodi e-8.8-grade nama-gaskets e-EPDM, futhi impilo yokuklama iyiminyaka engu-30 noma ngaphezulu ekusebenzeni kwasogwini emkhathini.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi olwandle kuyinkinga ye-chloride egqoke ingubo yokugcina amanzi. I-chloride ihlasela insimbi engavikelwe ngokuyigqamisa, futhi ihlasela i-zinc egalvanized ngokushesha okukhulu kunalokho i-zinc engayivikela ngakho insimbi, yingakho ithangi le-carbon elinameko noma ithangi eline-galvanized endaweni yasogwini liba yinto yokulungisa phakathi neminyaka embalwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, izindleko ze-316L stainless ngenkathi yonke enkulu yethangi kunzima ukuzithethelela. I-Glass-fused-to-steel ihlezi kuleso sikhala: isakhiwo sihlala siyinsimbi ye-carbon futhi ishibhile, futhi indawo ethinta amanzi ingilazi. Amaqembu ahlola amathangi amanzi olwandle e-glass fused to steel embonini yokuhlanza amanzi, esiteshini samandla asogwini noma endaweni yezimboni zasolwandle ngokuvamile aqhathanisa lokhu ne-stainless eqinile kanye ne-carbon enamabala.
Kungani i-enamel inqoba i-chloride
Ugqinsi lwengilazi oluqhubekayo alunayo indlela yokugqwalisa. Ukugqwalisa kudinga i-electrolyte efinyelela ensimbi endaweni enesici. I-enamel eshisiwe iwugqinsi lwengilazi oluqhubekayo olungenalo ifilimu elingenawo, ayinayo indlela engaphansi kwefilimu futhi ayinayo i-galvanic couple nensimbi, ngakho i-chloride ayinalutho engahlasele ngakho. I-enamel ihlanganisa lonke uhla lwe-pH ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-14, ngakho isitsha esifanayo singagcina amanzi olwandle, umfudlana we-brine, noma i-acid regeneration batch ngaphandle kokushintsha i-lining. Leyo mpawu iyona eyenza kube ukukhetha okujwayelekile lapho uketshezi noma umoya kune-chloride.
Okusele umkhawulo. Umkhawulo osikiwe wephaneli eflangini noma embotsheni uveza insimbi, futhi ukuqhekeka kulo mkhawulo endaweni ene-chloride yilapho ukuhlaselwa kwendawo kwaqala khona. Imboni iphatha umkhawulo wephaneli futhi ihlola iphaneli ngayinye ngenhlansi ku-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokupakisha, futhi imithetho yesayithi kufanele ivimbele noma yini ukuthi ingashayi iphaneli noma umkhawulo waphansi ngesikhathi sokuphatha. Leyo yiyo yonke indaba yokunakekelwa kwe-enamel emanzini olwandle: gcina ingilazi iphelele futhi akukho ukugqwala okufanele kuphathwe.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokushisa kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | Ingilazi ehlanganiswe kuphela insimbi yekhabhoni |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Kulinganiselwa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² |
Ukungalingani kwendawo | Ra < 0.8 µm | Ukungcola okuncane, kulula ukugeza |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Iphaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukubekezelelwa kwe-pH | 1–14 | Amanzi olwandle, i-brine kanye nama-acid batches |
Ukumelana ne-chloride | ungqimba lwe-enamel alunayo indlela ye-electrolytic | Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-galvanized kanye ne-bare carbon steel |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | Iminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu | Ukugcinwa kwasogwini emkhathini |
Ububanzi bephaneli namabhawodi | ~1.2 m amaphaneli, amabhawodi e-8.8-grade | I-EPDM gasket flange joints |
Enye indlela yokumboza | i-fusion bonded epoxy 180–280 µm ku-AWWA C550 | Lapho iphrojekthi isivele inolayini we-epoxy |
Umthamo wethangi elilodwa | kufika ku-60,000 m³ | Ububanzi bunqunywa ukuhlelwa kwendawo |
Lapho ithangi lihlala khona ohlelweni lwamanzi olunosawoti
Imisebenzi emithathu ibusa ogwini. Ukuthathwa kwamanzi olwandle aluhlaza kanye nokugcinwa kokuhlanza, okuyisimo esiseduze kakhulu nempikiswano ye-chloride. Ukuphakelwa kwe-desalination kanye ne-brine, lapho izinga lokushisa kanye ne-concentrate kuyenza ibe nolaka kakhulu. Futhi indawo yokugcina umlilo kanye nesevisi yesitayela se-ballast lapho ithangi liyisipele. Kuzo zontathu, iyisitoreji somoya esiphakela iphampu, hhayi isitsha sokucindezela, futhi izilawuli zokuphuma kanye nezinga zihlala ngaphansi kwezinga eliphansi.
Okokuthatha okungahluziwe inzuzo engokoqobo ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi okumbalwa, ngoba akukho kugquma okufanele kuhlolwe futhi akukho ukugqwala okufanele kususwe. Ekhilini lokuhlanza amanzi asolwandle impikiswano efanayo iyaqhubeka emugqeni we-brine, lapho i-concentrate elungiswe nge-pH ingahlasela i-epoxy noma upende ngokushesha. Ezindaweni lapho umphumela wokuphuza ubalulekile, ingaphakathi le-enamel ngeke likhiphe ama-ion ensimbi emanzini agciniwe, futhi i-lining inganikezwa ngesitifiketi sokuxhumana namanzi okuphuza esidingwa iphrojekthi lapho isetshenziswa njengomthombo wokuphuza.
Ukwakhiwa kwasogwini kanye namaqiniso endawo
Umoya onosawoti uthinta ingaphandle kanye nezisekelo kakhulu kunangaphakathi. I-enamel ibhekana nengaphakathi elimanzi, kodwa amaphaneli egobolondo langaphandle, amabhawudi kanye nendandatho ephezulu kubona umoya wasogwini ngqo. Cacisa uhlelo lokumboza lwangaphandle lwalokho kuchayeka, gcina indandatho ephezulu kanye nemininingwane yokudonsa amanzi ophahleni kungenamanzi amile, futhi nikeza i-anchorage kanye ne-foundation ring beam imvume yokugqwala isimo sezulu sendawo esikubonisa. Ukuhla kwezisekelo kubalulekile lapha njengakuyo yonke indawo: ijoyinti elibhawudiwe ngeke lilandele ukuhla okuhlukile, ngakho inani elivunyelwe kufanele libe kumdwebo.
I-logistics ivamise ukunquma umklamo ogwini. Isitshalo esesiqhingini noma ogwini olukude sinomshini wokukhweza okhawulelwe kanye nomgwaqo okhawulelwe, futhi amaphaneli angaba ngu-1.2 m ububanzi athunyelwa njengamakhontena noma i-breakbulk futhi ahlanganiswe neqembu elincane labasebenzi, okuyinzuzo yangempela uma kuqhathaniswa negobolondo elikhulu elishiseliwe. Amathangi angawodwa anikezwa afika ku-60,000 m³, ngakho-ke ububanzi ngokuvamile bunqunywa ukuthutha kwesizinda kanye nomsheshi wokukhweza kunokuba kunqunywe amandla.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Isitoreji samanzi aphuzwayo, ububanzi obukhulu | I-Indonesia | Ithangi le-GFS elimelana namanzi olwandle | 21,099 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa, ukufakwa kwe-potable contact lining |
Ipulazi lamathangi e-pharmaceutical epoxy coated | I-Hebei, e-China | Ithangi le-FBE epoxy | 32,363 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa, lapho kucaciswa umugqa we-epoxy |
Uhlelo lwamathangi okungcola kamasipala, amayunithi ayi-10 | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 17,420 m³ | ukuhlinzeka, ikilasi lensizakalo yoketshezi oluseduze |
Kumaphrojekthi akulesi sigaba sensizakalo, i-Center Enamel ihlinzeka ngamathangi afanayo e-glass-fused-to-steel okugcina kamasipala nezimboni, kanti ububanzi bomthamo buqinisekiswa incazelo yephrojekthi.
Amandla Obunjiniyela e-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ane-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Kumsebenzi wamanzi olwandle nasogwini lokhu kuhlanganisa ingaphakathi le-enamel elihlanganisiwe, ukumbozwa kwangaphandle kanye nemininingwane yokubopha umoya wosawoti, ukuhlanganiswa okuboshiwe ezindaweni ezinamandla amancane e-crane, kanye nefayela lesitifiketi sokuxhumana namanzi okuphuzwayo lapho amanzi agciniwe eyindawo yamanzi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe i-enamel imelana kanjani ne-chloride kuyilapho insimbi ingamelani?
A1: Ngoba ungqimba lwengilazi luqhubeka futhi alunayo indlela ye-electrolytic eya ensimbi, ngakho i-chloride ayikwazi ukufinyelela ebusweni bensimbi ukuze iqale umgodi. I-enamel futhi ihlanganisa i-pH 1 kuya ku-14, ngakho ama-batch e-brine kanye ne-acid regeneration asebenzisa i-lining efanayo.
Q2: Ingabe i-stainless eqinile ingcono kakhulu emanzini olwandle?
A2: Endaweni emanzi yensimbi ephelele yebo, kodwa ngezindleko zezinto eziphindwe izikhathi eziningana ku-tanki yonke. I-Glass-fused-to-steel inikeza ukumelana ne-chloride kusuka ebusweni kuphela, okuvame ukuba yinani elingcono emkhunjini omkhulu.
Q3: Ingabe i-tanki ye-galvanized ingasetshenziswa ogwini?
A3: Hhayi impilo ende. I-Chloride ihlasela i-zinc ngokushesha kunokuba ingavikela insimbi, futhi umoya ogcwele usawoti unciphisa impilo yayo. Sebenzisa i-enamel, i-fusion bonded epoxy noma ingxubevange emsebenzini we-chloride yasogwini.
Umbuzo 4: Kwenzekani uma i-enamel ichithiwe?
Impendulo 4: Umkhawulo wensimbi ovulekile uyindawo yokuqala yokuhlaselwa kwendawo ekusetshenziswa khona i-chloride, ngakho umkhawulo wephaneli uyelashwa efektri futhi amaphaneli aphathwa ngama-lift kunokuba ahudulwe ukuze ingilazi ihlale iphelele.
Umbuzo 5: Ingabe iyisitsha sokucindezela?
Impendulo 5: Cha. Isitoreji somoya noma sokucindezela okuphansi; noma yikuphi ukucindezela kokudlulisa kwenziwa phansi kwe-pump noma ngamandla adonsela phansi avela endaweni yokuphuma.
Umbuzo 6: Kuthiwani ngaphandle kwethangi?
Impendulo 6: Ingaphandle libona umoya wosawoti ngqo. Cacisa uhlelo lokumboza lwangaphandle lwalokho kuchayeka futhi unikeze indandatho ephezulu, umsele wophahla kanye nendawo yokubopha imvume yokugqwala evunyelwe isimo sezulu sendawo.
Q7: Ithangi lithunyelwa kanjani endaweni esogwini?
A7: Amaphaneli athunyelwa ngamakhontena noma nge-breakbulk echwebeni eliseduze bese edlula ezweni. Lungisa umzila womgwaqo kanye nomthamo we-crane ngaphambi kobubanzi, ngoba yikho okuvamise ukubeka umkhawulo hhayi imboni.
Ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi emathangini amanzi olwandle isusa ingozi ye-chloride endaweni emanzi kuyilapho igcina isakhiwo singabizi. I-enamel eshiselwe ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, ungqimba luka-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm, ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi kwe-1500 V ngephaneli ngayinye kanye nebanga le-pH 1 kuya ku-14 kunikeza umgoqo insimbi ye-galvanized nensimbi eboyiwe engakwazi ukuwufinyelela oketshezini noma emoyeni one-chloride. Ubunjiniyela obusele busengaphandle nasezisekelweni, lapho umoya onosawoti wenza umsebenzi wawo, kanye nasezinhlelweni zendawo ezimisa ububanzi. Thumela umsebenzi, izinga le-chloride, umthamo kanye nezimo zendawo etafuleni lobunjiniyela futhi ukuhlelwa kwethangi kanye nephakethe lamadokhumenti kuzolandela.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela idatha yamanzi olwandle ukuze kubuyekezwe ithangi: umsebenzi, ukungena kwamanzi, ukudla kwe-desalination, i-brine noma i-fire reserve, izinga lokushisa kanye ne-pH ye-fluid, i-chloride kanye nanoma yimaphi ama-acid regeneration batches, imfuneko yokuphuzwayo kanye nesitifiketi, izixhumanisi zendawo kanye nokuchayeka komoya onosawoti, umthamo we-crane kanye ne-port of entry. Sizobuyisela ububanzi nokuphakama kwethangi, isincomo se-lining phakathi kwe-glass-fused-to-steel, i-fusion bonded epoxy kanye ne-alloy, i-external coating kanye nemininingwane ye-anchorage, izibalo zomthwalo wesisekelo, kanye nephakethe eliphelele ledokhumenti yethenda. Ukubuyekezwa kobunjiniyela kuqala, akunasibopho.
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