Umhlinzeki Wezixazululo Zokugcina Amanzi we-GLS Wamanzi Aphuzwayo NawaseNqubweni
Kwadalwa ngo 09.02
Umhlinzeki Wezixazululo Zokugcina Amanzi we-GLS Wamanzi Aphuzwayo Nawasezinhlelweni
Umphakeli wezisombululo zokugcina amanzi we-GLS uhlinzeka ngeqembu lensimbi eline-glass-lined steel elilungiselelwe umsebenzi wamanzi esikhundleni sokudayiswa njengomkhumbi ojwayelekile. I-enamel ihlanganiswa emapanelini e-carbon steel ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, ubukhulu obungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm futhi kulinganiselwa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², ngokuhlolwa kwe-spark kwe-1500 V DC ngepaneli ngayinye, ukungqubuzana kwendawo okungaphansi kwe-Ra 0.8 µm, kanye nesitifiketi sokuxhumana namanzi okuphuza lapho iphrojekthi ikudinga khona. Ipulatifomu efanayo ihlanganisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuphuza, amanzi ezinqubo zezimboni, isitoreji somlilo kanye nokuvunwa kwamanzi emvula, konke njengokugcinwa komkhathi okuboshiwe ngamabhawodi e-8.8-grade kanye nama-gasket e-EPDM kanye nempilo yokuklama yeminyaka engu-30 noma ngaphezulu.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kubonakala kuyimpahla yokudayisa kuze kufike usuku lapho amanzi kufanele ahlangabezane nezinga elithile. Ithangi lamanzi aphuzwayo kanye nethangi lokugcina amanzi okucisha umlilo zinokuma okufanayo kodwa izimfuneko ezihluke kakhulu ngemuva kwazo: elinye lidinga isembozo esingakwazi ukudlulisela lutho emanzini kanye nesitifiketi sokukufakazela, kanti elinye lidinga ukutholakala kanye nenkomba yezinga elingacwaningwa yisiphathimandla. Amanzi ezinqubo zezimboni ahlezi phakathi kwalokhu, enokukhathazeka ngokuhlanzeka nokugqwala esikhundleni sokuhambisana nemithetho. Yilapho kubonakala khona ukubaluleka komhlinzeki wezisombululo ngaphezu komthengisi wamaphaneli: umkhumbi, iphakethe lesembozo, imininingwane yezinga nokuhlukanisa kanye nefayela lemibhalo kuhlelwa ndawonye ukuze kuhlangabezane nomsebenzi wangempela.
Ukufanisa ithangi nomsebenzi wamanzi
Imisebenzi emine yamanzi, ukugcizelelwa kwezici ezine. Isitoreji samanzi aphuzwayo sidinga isitifiketi sokuxhumana namanzi okuphuza esidingwa iphrojekthi, ngokuvamile i-NSF/ANSI 61 noma i-WRAS, ingaphakathi elivaliwe kanye nokuningiliziwe kwe-flange ehlanzekayo; ingumkhathi, futhi iphampu noma umgudu wokuphuma ngamandla adonsela phansi uhlala ngaphansi kwezinga eliphansi. Amanzi ezinqubo zezimboni akhathazeki ngombala wokugqwala noma i-coating ekhishwayo emugqeni, okuyinto ingaphakathi le-enamel elincibilikisiwe elingaphansi kwe-Ra engu-0.8 µm elikuletha. Ireserve yomlilo ikhathazeka ngokutholakala: ukuvalwa okukhiyiwe, ukuboniswa kwezinga legumbi lokulawula, isexwayiso sezinga eliphansi esihlukile ku-low low trip, uxhumano lokuphuma oluhlolekayo kanye nokuvikelwa ekubandeni. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi emvula kukhathazeka nge-first flush kanye ne-sediment, ngakho-ke ukuhlelwa kwendawo yokungena kanye ne-bottom drain kubaluleke kakhulu kunekhemistri ye-lining.
Lelo phuzu lokugcina lisebenza ngokujwayelekile: isembozo sibhekana nokugqwala, kodwa indawo yokungena, ukuphakama kwendawo yokuphuma kanye nomsele wokukhipha amanzi kunquma ukuthi amanzi agciniwe ahlala esetshenziseka yini. Indawo yokungena engena ngaphezu komugqa wamanzi futhi ichitheka ibeka inzika phansi, kanti indawo yokuphuma esezingeni eliphansi ihamba nongqimba oluzinze luyise esigabeni esingezansi. Indawo yokungena evinjelwe kahle kanye nomgodi ocacile onodonga ukwengeza okuncane emdwebeni okushintsha ukusebenza kwangempela.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokushiswa kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | Ingilazi ehlanganiswe kuphaneli lensimbi |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Kulinganiselwa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² |
Ukungalingani kobuso | Ra < 0.8 µm | Akukho mbala wokugqwala, kulula ukuwasha |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Iphaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukubekezelela kwe-pH | 1–14 | Ububanzi bamanzi aluhlaza namanzi acutshungulwayo |
Isitifiketi samanzi aphuzwayo | NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS | Lapho iphrojekthi ikudinga khona |
Impilo yokuklama | Iminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu | Ukugcinwa kwamanzi asemoyeni |
Ububanzi bephaneli namabhawudi | Amaphaneli angu-~1.2 m, amabhawudi ezinga le-8.8 | Amajoyinti e-flange e-EPDM gasket |
Umthamo wethangi elilodwa | kufika ku-60,000 m³ | Ububanzi buqhutshwa ukuhlelwa kwendawo |
Izinketho zophahla | idome eliboshiwe, ipani elintantayo, ulwelwesi oluvala kahle igesi | Ngokwesidingo senqubo |
Okuqukethwe yiphakethe lesisombululo
Isixazululo esiphelele sokugcina amanzi iyiphakethe lokudweba kanye nephakethe lokuhlinzeka. Ngasohlangothini lokudweba kuba ububanzi nokuphakama kwethangi, ukuhlukaniswa kwevolumu esebenzayo nengasebenzi, ukuphakama kokungena nokuphuma, ukuchichima nokuhlelwa kokulawulwa kwezinga, ama-manway nama-nozzle, umthwalo wesisekelo nokuhlala okuvunyelwe, imininingwane ye-ring beam, kanye nokuxhumana kophahla. Ngasohlangothini lokuhlinzeka kuba ama-panel e-enamelled, isethi yamabhawudi nama-gasket, uphahla, izinsimbi zokulinganisa izinga kanye namaphoyinti azo okuxwayisa, ukuhlelwa kwe-valve yokuhlukanisa, ukuxhumana kokuhlola, ukugadwa kwesayithi noma ithimba lokuhlanganisa, ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic emfuthweni womkhathi, kanye nefayela yemibhalo.
Kumlilo ogciniwe iphakethe elifanayo lizuza izinto ezibhekwa ukucwaninga: isibonisi sezinga elifundeka kusukela egumbini lokulawula, isixwayiso sezinga eliphansi, ukuhlukaniswa okukhiyiwe ukuze umkhawulo womlilo ungakhishwa yisidingo senqubo, inqubo yokuhlola ukuphuma nendlela yokuvikela ukubanda, ngokuvamile ukulandelela ukushisa nokufaka insulate esikhundleni sokudonsa amanzi. Lezo zishibhile kakhulu emdwebeni kunasensimini.
Ukulinganisa nokugunyazwa
Umthamo ulandela umsebenzi. Amanzi aphuzwayo nawokusetshenziswa kwezinqubo alinganiswa ngokwesidingo sokusetshenziswa kanye nesitoreji sesevisi nomthamo wokuhlanza; isitoreji somlilo sisuka endaweni yokuklama, ukuminyana kokusetshenziswa, imvume yepayipi nesikhathi okuvunyelwene ngaso ngendawo yokuhlala, kanti i-NFPA 22 ilawula ithangi kanti i-NFPA 20 ilawula iphampu lapho iphrojekthi isekhulwini lalo; amanzi emvula asuka endaweni yokuthwebula kanye nesizini yokugcina. Kuzo zonke izimo, umthamo osebenzisekayo umthamo wejometri ngaphandle kwebanga lokuphepha, inzika kanye nebhendi yezinga, ngakho-ke cacisa ububanzi bezinga ngokusobala futhi ukuhlole, esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi ithangi ligcina konke okuphakathi kokuchichima naphansi.
Ukuqinisekiswa kuyingxenye esala ekugcineni futhi ebangela ukubambezeleka. Lungisa ukuqinisekiswa okudingekayo kokuxhumana namanzi okuphuzwayo, izinkomba ze-CE ne-ISO 28765 noma i-EN 1090 zephrojekthi yaseYurophu, kanye nesitatimende sohlelo lokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokukhiqiza, futhi kufake konke kuhlelo lokuhlinzeka nomhlinzeki wokugcoba oshiwo esikhundleni sokushiyela endaweni yokusebenzela.
Icala Lephrojekthi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Indawo yokugcina amanzi okuphuzwayo enobubanzi obukhulu | INamibia | Ithangi lamanzi le-GLS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugada, umsebenzi wokuphuza |
Ithangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo, amayunithi amabili | ISichuan, eChina | Ithangi lamanzi le-GLS | 8,930 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa, φ19.87 × 14.4 m × 2 |
Uhlelo lwethangi lokungcola kamasipala, amayunithi angu-10 | Sichuan, China | Ithangi lamanzi le-GLS | 17,420 m³ | ukuhlinzeka, indawo enamathangi amaningi |
Amandla Obunjiniyela e-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho ukusetshenziswa kudinga khona.
Kuzixazululo zokugcina amanzi lokhu kuhlanganisa ukucushwa okuqondene nomsebenzi, ifayela lesitifiketi sokuxhumana namanzi aphuzwayo, izinsimbi zokulinganisa izinga kanye nokugcinwa komlilo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuboshiwe nethimba elincane lasendaweni yemisebenzi ekude.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe isembozo esisodwa sihlanganisa amanzi aphuzwayo, amanzi enqubo kanye namanzi omlilo?
Impendulo 1: Ingaphezulu le-enamel elincibilikisiwe liyakwenza lokho, futhi lihlanganisa i-pH 1 kuya ku-14. Okuhlukile imibhalo: umsebenzi wamanzi aphuzwayo udinga isitifiketi sokuxhumana namanzi okuphuza esidingwa iphrojekthi, futhi umsebenzi womlilo udinga izinga, ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemininingwane yokuhlolwa.
Umbuzo 2: Isitifiketi samanzi aphuzwayo siphathwa kanjani?
A2: Ngokunikeza uhlelo lwe-lining i-NSF/ANSI 61 noma i-WRAS njengoba iphrojekthi idinga, kanye nezimemezelo zezinto ezisetshenziswayo, irekhodi lokushiswa kwe-enamel kanye nerekhodi lokuhlolwa kwe-spark ngephaneli ngayinye efayeleni elifanayo.
Q3: Ingabe ithangi lamanzi omlilo liwumkhumbi ofanayo nethangi lamanzi enqubo?
A3: Ngokwesakhiwo yebo, iwukugcina kwendawo ezungezile. Umehluko usezintweni ezisetshenziswayo: ukuvalwa okukhiyiwe, izinga legumbi lokulawula, isexwayiso sezinga eliphansi, ukuphuma okuhlolakayo nokuvikelwa ekugqameni.
Q4: Ngilinganisa kanjani ithangi lamanzi emvula?
A4: Kusukela endaweni yokuthola amanzi nokusatshalaliswa kwemvula phakathi nenkathi yokugcina, kanye nesibonelelo sokuqala kokugeleza nokuntwela. Umthamo osebenzisekayo umthamo wejometri ngaphandle kwe-freeboard nokuntwela.
Q5: Iyini impilo yokuklama?
A5: Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu noma ngaphezulu yokugcina amanzi asemoyeni, kanti ingaphakathi le-enamel alinayo imijikelezo yokuphinda lifakwe engaphakathi elithwalwa yithangi lekhabhoni elidayisiwe, futhi ukunakwa kuya kuma-gasket kanye ne-torque yebhawudi.
Q6: Ingabe uphahla lungathuthukiswa kamuva?
A6: Yebo. Uphahla luyiphakethe elihlukile kumhobholo ofanayo, ngakho ithangi eliboshiwe lingathatha ipani elintantayo, idome le-aluminium noma isembozo solwelwesi oluvala kahle igesi njengoba isidingo senqubo sishintsha.
Q7: Yini umthamo omkhulu kakhulu okhona?
A7: Amathangi angawodwa anikezwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³, ngakho umkhawulo ongokoqobo uwumzila wezokuthutha kanye ne-crane esizeni hhayi imboni.
Umphakeli wezisombululo zokugcina amanzi we-GLS kufanele alungiselele isitsha, ifayela lesimbozo, imininingwane yezinga nokwehlukanisa kanye nophahla ndawonye ngokomsebenzi wangempela wamanzi. I-enamel ehlanganisiwe eshiselwe ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C enongqimba luka-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm kanye nokuhlolwa kwenhlansi engu-1500 V ngephaneli ngayinye ibhekana nokugqwala futhi ivikela izinga lamanzi; ukuhlelwa kwendawo yokungena, yokuphuma kanye neyokukhipha amanzi kunquma ukuthi amanzi agciniwe ahlala esetshenziseka yini; futhi imininingwane yesitifiketi nokucwaningwa kwezincwadi inquma ukuthi ithangi liyaphasa yini ukubuyekezwa. Thumela umsebenzi, umthamo, izinga kanye nedatha yesiza edeskini yezobunjiniyela futhi ukuhlelwa kwesixazululo kanye nephakethe lamadokhumenti kuzolandela.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela idatha yokugcina amanzi ukuze kubuyekezwe izixazululo: umsebenzi, amanzi okuphuza, inqubo, indawo yokugcina yomlilo noma amanzi emvula, kanye nezinga elifanele, isidingo noma isisekelo sokulinganisa, isitifiketi esidingekayo, imikhawulo yobubanzi, izixhumanisi zendawo, isimo senhlabathi nesisekelo, umthamo wekhrini, umzila wokuthutha kanye nechweba. Sizobuyisela ububanzi nokuphakama kwethangi, ukubalwa kokulinganisa, iphakethe lokufaka ngesitifiketi, ukuhlelwa kwama-nozzle nokulawula izinga, inketho yophahla, kanye nephakethe eliphelele ledokhumenti yethenda. Ukubuyekezwa kobunjiniyela kuqala, akukho sibopho.
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