Ithangi Lokuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile le-GFS Lokulinganisa Nokugcina Indle
Kwadalwa ngo 09.02
Ithangi Lokuhlanza Indle ye-GFS Lokulinganisa Nokugcina Indle
Ithangi lokuhlanza amanzi angcolile le-GFS linenjongo yokuphatha uketshezi komugqa wokuhlanza emkhunjini oboshiwe osemkhathini womoya onesivikelo sengilazi ehlanganisiwe esikhundleni sikapende. I-enamel ishiselwa ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, ubukhulu obungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm, ilinganiswa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², ihlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC kuyo yonke iphaneli, futhi ikwazi ukumelana ne-pH 1 kuya ku-14. Lokho kuhlanganisa ukulinganisa, ukubamba kokungathathi hlangothi, ukugcinwa kwe-sludge ne-filtrate, kanye nokubamba kokufaka amakhemikhali, ngaphandle kohlelo lokugcoba kabusha kwangaphakathi. Amaphaneli acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi aboshwa ndawonye ngamabhawodi e-8.8-grade nama-EPDM gaskets, futhi impilo yokuklama yiminyaka engu-30 noma ngaphezulu.
Ngaphakathi kwemboni yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile kunemikhumbi engamashumi ambalwa engalokothi ithole ukunakwa okutholwa yi-clarifier noma i-digester, futhi yiyona ekhiqiza iningi lezingcingo zokulungisa. Ithangi lokulinganisa elimunca umthwalo wokushaqeka, indawo yokugcina yokunciphisa ukungcola ethola ikota ye-asidi nekota ye-caustic ngesonto elifanayo, indawo yokugcina udaka ne-filtrate okufanele igcine kuze kube yilapho ukukhipha amanzi kusebenza, indawo yokugcina yokulinganisa umthamo wokwelapha amanzi engafuni muntu ukuyivula. Zonke zihlala emanzini anolaka, ashintshashintshayo, kwesinye isikhathi ashisayo futhi zonke kufanele zihlale zingavuzi. Amaqembu acacisa ithangi lokuhlanza amanzi angcolile le-GFS ngokuvamile athathela indawo umkhumbi oshiselwe owawudinga ukugcotshwa kabusha kwangaphakathi njalo eminyakeni embalwa. Udaba lobunjiniyela lumayelana nendlela yokufaka ulwelwesi kanye namavolumu umdwebo wenqubo ongalokothi uwacacise.
Lapho ithangi lihlala khona esitimeleni
Imisebenzi emine, ngayinye inendlela yayo yokulinganisa usayizi. Ukulinganisa kuvela kujika lokukhipha emshinini, futhi kudinga inani eliphakeme kakhulu lisuswe inani elijwayelekile esikhathini esibucayi. Ukubamba kokungathathi hlangothi kulinganiswa ngezinga lokufaka umuthi kanye nesikhathi sokuxuba, kube nesikhathi esanele sokuhlala ukuqinisekisa i-pH ngaphambi kokuba umfula uye phansi. Ukugcinwa kwe-sludge ne-filtrate kulinganiswa ngezinga lokukhiqizwa kwe-sludge kanye nomjikelezo wokukhipha amanzi, okusho ukuthi embonini esebenzisa umshini wokucindezela amahora ambalwa kuphela ngosuku kudingeka isikhathi eside sokubamba. Ukubamba kokufaka amakhemikhali kuncane kodwa kubalulekile futhi ngokuvamile kudinga indawo yesibili yokugcina.
Umsebenzi ngamunye unesilinganiso esihlukile somthamo ofile, futhi ukudidanisa lokhu yilapho ithangi elikhulu ngokweqile lingasebenzi kahle. Isikhathi sokubamba sokulinganisa sidinga umthamo wokuxuba kanye nesikhathi sokuqinisekisa, hhayi isikhathi esiphelele sokulingana. Isitoreji se-sludge sidinga umthamo wokukhiqizwa kwe-sludge ephezulu, hhayi ukugeleza okuphezulu. Futhi zonke zilahlekelwa umthamo wokusebenza ngenxa yengqimba ehlala phansi kanye ne-scum, yingakho izinga lokuphuma lihlala phezulu kakhulu kunaphansi futhi kungani ithangi kufanele likhishwe udaka ngesikhathi esimisiwe hhayi lapho othile eqaphela.
Kungani i-enamel ehlanganisiwe ifanele umsebenzi wokuhlanza
Indlela yokufaka ingaphakathi inquma indlela yokunakekela. I-enamel powder ishiselwa phezu kwensimbi elungisiwe phakathi kuka-820 no-930 °C, ngakho ingilazi nensimbi ziba yinto eyodwa eyinhlanganisela engenalo ungqimba lwenamathiselo phakathi kwazo. I-enamel eqediwe inogqinsi olungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm, ilinganiselwa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², futhi ayinabukhwebezane ebusweni obunobukhwebezane obungaphansi kwe-Ra 0.8 µm, okumelana nokunqwabelana kwemfucumfucu futhi kugezwe kalula. Akukho filimu yemvelo engalahlekelwa ukunamathela futhi iphakame ngezingqimba, ngakho umjikelezo wokunakekela ojwayelekile wokupenda kwangaphakathi awukho nhlobo esithombeni.
Okusele umbuzo wonqenqema. Unqenqema olusikiwe lwephaneli eflangini noma kumbhobho luveza insimbi, futhi intshopho lapho yilapho inqubo iqala khona, ngakho unqenqema lwephaneli luyelashwa efektri, amaphaneli aphathwa ngamalifti kunokuhudulwa, futhi ukuma kwephaneli kugcinwa kufana ukusuka kwiringi kuya kwiringi ukuze imiphetho elashiwe ihlangane. Leyo yiyo yonke indaba yangempela yokunakekelwa koqweqwe.
Ikhemistri akuvamisile ukuba umkhawulo. Uqweqwe luhlanganisa i-pH 1 kuya ku-14, ngakho ithangi lingathatha ukuchichima kwe-clarifier engathathi hlangothi kanye neqoqo lokuhlanza nge-caustic ngaphandle kokushintsha ulwelwesi. Lapho i-sulfide ikhona, uqweqwe luyayibekezelela kulo lonke ibanga; uhlangothi lokusingatha igesi lusadinga izilawuli zalo.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokushiswa kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | Ingilazi ihlanganiswe epaneleni lensimbi |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Kulinganiswa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² |
Ukuqhubeka kwendawo | Ra < 0.8 µm | Ukunqwabelana kwediphozithi ephansi, ukuhlanza kalula |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Ngephaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukubekezelela i-pH | 1–14 | Imifudlana ehlukahlukene ye-asidi ne-caustic |
Ukubekezelela i-sulfide | i-enamel ibekezelela kulo lonke uhla lwe-pH | I-gas train idinga ukulawulwa kwayo |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | Iminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu | Insizakalo yokwelashwa kwe-atmospheric |
Ububanzi bephaneli namabhawudi | ~1.2 m amaphaneli, amabhawudi ezinga le-8.8 | Amajoyinti e-flange e-EPDM gasket |
Ikilasi lomkhumbi | isitoreji se-atmospheric | Akusona umngcele wengcindezi |
Umthamo wethangi elilodwa | kufika ku-60,000 m³ | Ububanzi buqhutshwa ukuhlelwa kwendawo |
Ukukhetha ukucushwa
Okokwelashwa kwesitimela okusebenzayo okuzenzakalelayo okuwusizo iqokobhe eliboshiwe elinamaphaneli acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi, ngoba ukuhlanganisa kulula, ithimba lesizinda lincane, futhi ithangi lingandiswa ngeringi eyengeziwe noma iyunithi yesibili njengoba isitshalo sikhula. I-lining i-fused enamel yemisebenzi engenhla, kanye ne-fusion bonded epoxy ku-180 kuya ku-280 µm ku-AWWA C550 lapho iphrojekthi isivele inolayini wokumboza nge-epoxy noma lapho i-spool engajwayelekile idinga ukuvikelwa okufanayo. I-hot dip galvanizing ku-GB/T 13912-2020 iyonga eceleni kwamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nezindawo zokugcina amakhemikhali, futhi igwenywa ku-asidi enamandla, i-alkali enamandla, i-chloride ephezulu kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuthintana nokudla.
I-nozzle kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-baffle kwenza okuningi ekusebenzeni kahle kune-mitha eyengeziwe yokuphakama. I-inlet well ene-baffle ekugcineni kokungena ivimbela ukujikeleza okufushane, i-well ecacile enodonga ekugcineni kokuphuma inikeza izinga elilawulekayo, futhi ukuphakama kokuphuma ngaphezu kwesendlalelo esihlalile kugcina i-sludge bench ingaphumi iye eyunithi elandelayo. Ukunyakazisa kubalulekile noma kuphi lapho izinto eziqinile zihlala khona: ngaphandle kwakho umthamo osebenzayo uncipha ngaphansi kwesibalo se-nameplate, okuyisizathu esivame kakhulu sokuthi ithangi elilinganiswe kahle libonakale lincane ekusebenzeni.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Uhlelo lwethangi lendle yezimboni, amayunithi angama-27 | Xinjiang, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 30,469 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa, ukufakwa ngezigaba |
Uhlelo lwamathangi endle yedolobha, amayunithi angama-10 | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 17,420 m³ | ukuhlinzeka, indawo enamathangi amaningi |
Isitoreji se-landfill leachate, iyunithi ekabili | Beijing, China | Ithangi lensimbi elishiselwe | 9,682 m³ | ukuhlinzeka, φ16.23 × 23.4 m × 2 |
Amandla Okwakha E-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Emsebenzini wokuhlanza amanzi angcolile lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulinganisa, ukunciphisa kanye nosayizi wokugcina udaka, ukufakwa kwe-enamel ehlanganisiwe kanye nerekhodi layo lokuhlolwa kwephaneli ngayinye, ukuhlelwa kokungena nokuphuma okunezithiyo, kanye nobubanzi bokuhlanganisa okuboshiwe okuvumela ithangi ukuthi landiswe kamuva.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yimiphi imisebenzi embonini yokuhlanza amanzi evumelana kakhulu nethangi le-GFS?
Impendulo 1: Ukulinganisa, ukugcina ukunciphisa, ukugcina i-filtrate nodaka, kanye nokugcina imithi yamakhemikhali. Lapho uketshezi lungamanzi ahlanzekile, igobolondo eline-galvanized noma i-epoxy lining nalo liyimpendulo evumelekile futhi kwesinye isikhathi eshibhile.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe i-lining ibhekana nethangi elithola kokubili i-asidi ne-caustic?
A2: Yebo. I-enamel ihlanganisa i-pH 1 kuya ku-14, ngakho ukushintshashintsha kanye nezinguquko zeviki elifanayo aziphoqi ukushintshwa kweliningi. Qinisekisa izinga lokushisa lomfula eliphezulu ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Q3: Ingakanani i-dead volume okufanele ngiyivumele?
A3: Bala ungqimba lwe-sludge ehlala phansi, ungqimba lwe-scum, noma yimuphi umthamo ongemuva kwe-baffle kanye nomthamo ongaphansi kwe-outlet esebenzisekayo ephansi. Lokho kuyimehluko phakathi komthamo we-geometric kanye nomthamo wokusebenza, futhi yilapho amaphutha okulinganisa ecasha khona.
Q4: Ngidinga ama-baffle?
A4: Ngokuvamile yebo. Umthombo we-inlet one-baffle kanye nomthombo ocacile onodonga lokumisa ukugeleza okufushane, futhi isikhathi sokusebenza esisebenzayo siba yilokho inqubo eyakubala ngempela.
Q5: Yikuphi ukunakekelwa kwangaphakathi okudingwa yithangi?
A5: Kuncane kakhulu ku-enamel ngokwayo. Ukunakwa kugxila kuma-flange gaskets, i-bolt torque ekugcwaliseni kokuqala, imiphetho yamaphaneli, kanye nesikhathi sokukhipha udaka.
Q6: Ingabe ithangi lingandiswa uma isitshalo sikhula?
A6: Yebo, ithangi eliboshwe ngamabhawodi lithatha amaringi engeziwe noma iyunithi engumakhelwane, futhi isisekelo singakhelwa ukuhlelwa kokugcina uma uhlelo lokwandisa lwaziwa esigabeni sokuthenda.
Q7: Iluphi uhlobo lomkhumbi?
A7: Ukugcinwa komoya. Akusona isitsha sengcindezi, ngakho noma iyiphi ingcindezi yokudlulisa ithuthukiswa ezansi kumpompo noma ngamandla adonsela phansi, hhayi ethangini.
Ithangi lokwelapha amanzi angcolile le-GFS liyimpendulo esebenzayo emisebenzini yokuphatha uketshezi ezungeze uhlelo lokwelapha: ukulinganisa, ukwenza i-neutral, ukugcina udaka kanye ne-filtrate, kanye nokugcina imithi. I-enamel ehlanganisiwe eshiswe ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C futhi ihlolwe nge-spark ku-1500 V ngepaneli ngayinye isusa umjikelezo wokufaka kabusha kwangaphakathi, ibanga le-pH 1 kuya ku-14 lihlanganisa amakhemikhali ashintshanayo, futhi ifomethi eboshiwe igcina umsebenzi wendawo mncane kuyilapho ishiya indawo yokwandisa. Thola amavolumu omsebenzi ngendlela efanele, chaza ama-baffle kanye nokuphakama kokuphuma, futhi lungisa ukwehla kwesisekelo okuvunyelwe. Thumela idatha yokugeleza kanye namakhemikhali edeskini yobunjiniyela futhi ukulinganiswa kwethangi, inketho yokufaka kanye nephakethe yamadokhumenti kuzolandela.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela idatha yokwelashwa ukuze kubuyekezwe ithangi: ukugeleza komfula kanye namavelu aphezulu, ububanzi be-pH kanye nezinga lokushisa, izinto ezingaxazululeki kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-sludge, umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe yunithi ngayinye kanye nesikhathi sokugcina, imishini yangaphansi eyondlayo, izixhumanisi zendawo, isimo somhlabathi, ukutholakala kwe-crane kanye nechweba elikhethwayo. Sizobuyisela ububanzi nokuphakama kwethangi, ukubalwa kwevolumu yokusebenza, isincomo se-lining phakathi kwe-glass-fused-to-steel, i-fusion bonded epoxy kanye ne-galvanized steel, ukuhlelwa kwe-baffle ne-nozzle, imithwalo yesisekelo kanye nephakethe eliphelele ledokhumenti yethenda. Ukubuyekezwa kobunjiniyela kuqala, akunasibopho.
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