Izindonga Eziphaphathekayo Zokugcina Uwoyela Wemoto Osetshenzisiwe
Kwadalwa ngo 2025.07.29
Uphahla Oluntantayo Lwamathangi Okugcina Uwoyela Osetshenzisiwe Wezimoto
Amafutha enjini asetshenzisiwe awasona i-hydrocarbon ehlanzekile: afika ehlanjululwe ngophethiloli, ethwala amanzi, izinto eziqinile ezilengayo, kanye nemikhiqizo yokuguga ekhuphula inombolo ye-asidi. Amathangi okugcina awo adinga ukubekezelela amanzi angaphansi, inombolo ye-asidi ekhuphukayo, kanye nephunga nomusi ophuma esitokisini esifudumele. Uphahla oluntantayo lususa isikhala somusi ngaphezu koketshezi, okunciphisa ukulahleka komkhiqizo kanye nokukhishwa kwephunga emthonjeni. Ipani ngokuvamile i-aluminium alloy AA 5052 noma AA 5083 eklanyelwe i-AWWA D108 noma i-API 650, nomthwalo womoya neqhwa uthathwa ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10, futhi isivalo somugqa kanye nokuhlelwa kokudonsa kunciphisa ukusebenza kwansuku zonke.
Ukuqoqwa nokugcinwa kukawoyela odala osebenza ngomshini kubonakala njengenkinga yokugcina uwoyela kuze kube yilapho umuntu ewusampula. Uwoyela ufika usuka emkhakheni wamathuluzi anokuhlanjululwa kukaphethiloli, amanzi avela ekuwashweni nasekujiyeni, kanye nezinga lemikhiqizo yokuguga eyenza inombolo ye-asidi ibe phezulu kanye nephunga elinganakwa. Ukugcinwa ngokuvamile kuyisithiyo ochungechungeni lokusetshenziswa kabusha: umqoqi kufanele agcine amathani ambalwa phakathi kokulandwa, kanti umcubunguli kufanele agcine amaningi ngaphambi kokuba enze umsebenzi wokuhlanza kabusha noma wokushisa. Amaqembu abheka uphahla oluntantayo emathangini okugcina uwoyela odala osebenza ngomshini ngokuvamile axazulula isikhalo sephunga kanye nenombolo yokulahlekelwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uphahla luyisigxobo esishibhe kakhulu kukho kokubili.
Ukuthi uketshezi olugciniwe lwenzani ethangini
Amanzi, uphethiloli kanye ne-asidi yizinto ezintathu okufanele ziklanyelwe. Amanzi ehla aye phansi futhi ahlale lapho izinyanga eziningi, yingakho isendlalelo esiphansi kakhulu sogobolondo kanye naphansi kubona ukugqwala kwendawo okubi kakhulu, futhi yingakho idreyini endaweni ephansi ingeyona oyikhethelayo. Ukuhlanjululwa kukaphethiloli kukhuphula ingcindezi yomhwamuko ngaphezu kwalokho okungaboniswa uwoyela oyisisekelo, ngakho ukulahlekelwa kokuphefumula okuvela ethangini elinophahla olungagudluki kuphezulu kunesilinganiso esilula futhi isikhala somhwamuko siyinto yangempela yokukhishwa komoya. Imikhiqizo yokugqwala inyusa inani le-asidi eliphelele, elihlasela insimbi engavikelwe futhi yisona sizathu esenza isinqumo sokufaka ulwelwesi sibaluleke kakhulu lapha kunasesitolo samafutha ahlanzekile.
Leyo nhlanganisela futhi iyisizathu segobolondo elifanele. Igobolondo lekhabhoni elinengaphakathi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi elishiswe ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, elinongqimba lwe-enamel olungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm olukalwa ngaphezu kwe-3,450 N/cm² kanye nokuhlolwa kwenhlansi kwe-1500 V DC ngephaneli ngayinye, kunikeza umgoqo ongenzi lutho ongakhathaleli ukukhuphuka kwenombolo ye-asidi. I-epoxy ehlanganiswe ngokuncibilika ku-180 kuya ku-280 µm ngokwe-AWWA C550 iyindlela ehlukile. I-stainless steel engu-316L eqinile ayivamisile ukufaneleka kulo msebenzi, ngoba ukuphindaphindeka kwezindleko kunzima ukukuvikela uma kuqhathaniswa negobolondo lekhabhoni elinongqimba.
Ukuthi uphahla oluntantayo lwenzani
Ikhipha isikhala somhwamuko esikhundleni sokuzama ukubamba umhwamuko. Ipani elintantayo lihlala phezu kwendawo yoketshezi futhi likhuphuka futhi lehle ngokugcwaliswa nokukhiwa, ngakho-ke akukho volumu yokuphefumula unomphela futhi ukulahlekelwa okumile kungukuhwamuka kuphela okudlula edekini elivaliwe. Esitokweni esinokuhlanjululwa kukaphethiloli lelo hluko liyalinganiseka, futhi yiyo leyo ndlela eyenza ukuhlelwa kube ukulawulwa kokukhishwa okujwayelekile kokugcinwa koketshezi oluhwamukayo. Ipani ngokuvamile liyi-aluminium alloy efana ne-AA 5052 noma i-AA 5083, ekhethwa ngenxa yokuntanta nokumelana ne-hydrocarbon kanye nomoya wendawo, futhi yakhelwe nge-AWWA D108 noma i-API 650 ngomthwalo womoya neqhwa othathwe ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10 yendawo.
I-rim seal iyingxenye esebenzayo. Isigxivizo sokuqala odongeni lwegobolondo kanye nesigxivizo sesibili kugcina umhwamuko ngaphakathi futhi kuvimbele isimo sezulu, futhi kokubili ukuphila kwesigxivizo kanye nokwakhiwa kwesigxivizo sesibili kufanele kube semgomeni. Ukuhlelwa kwedreyini kubalulekile njengakunoma yiluphi uphahla oluntantayo: amanzi emvula kufanele aphume edekhi, futhi esimweni sezulu esibandayo leyo ndlela yedreyini idinga ukulandelelwa kokushisa noma indlela yangaphakathi ephephile eqhwa, ngoba idreyini evaliwe igcwalisa ipani ngamanzi futhi ilitshekise.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Inothi |
Ukukhetha kwegobolondo | insimbi yekhabhoni ene-GFS noma i-FBE lining | Isithiyo esingasebenzi emzimbeni ogwinyayo onenombolo ephezulu ye-asidi |
I-Enamel lining | 0.25–0.45 mm, ishiswe ku-820–930 °C | Ra < 0.8 µm, ilinganiswe ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Ngepaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
inketho ye-FBE | 180–280 µm kuya ku-AWWA C550 | Enye indlela yokufaka ingaphakathi |
Uhlobo lophahla | uphahla oluntantayo lwangaphandle noma ipani elintantayo langaphakathi | Kanye negobolondo elinganyakazi lapho kudingeka khona |
Impahla yepani | ingxubevange ye-aluminium AA 5052 / AA 5083 | Idekhi elintantayo, elingazweli kuma-hydrocarbon |
Ireferensi yegobolondo nophahla | AWWA D108 / API 650 | Isisekelo somklamo |
Umthwalo womoya neqhwa | ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 | Isimo somthwalo esiqondene nendawo |
Uhlelo lokuvala | ukuvala komgogodla okuyisisekelo kanye nokuvala kwesibili | Ukulawula iphunga nokuvimbela isimo sezulu |
Phansi nokudreyina | isumpu elinokudreyina ophansi endaweni ephansi | Ukususwa kwamanzi nendle |
Ifanele umsebenzi wokugcina uwoyela osetshenzisiwe
Isitolo samafutha angcolile ngokuvamile siyinqwaba encane yamathangi anokulethwa okuningi, okusho ukuthi umjikelezo wokugcwalisa nokukhipha uvamile futhi uphahla luhamba kakhulu. Dizayinela lowo mjikelezo hhayi izinga elingaguquki: hlola isivalo ngemva komjikelezo wokuqala ogcwele, qinisekisa ukuthi ipani ayibambekanga ogebodini ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa zokusebenza, futhi gcina ingaphezulu lethangi lingenankukuma ukuze ipani likwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka.
Lapho isayithi lamukela uwoyela ovela emaworkshop amaningi, iphunga livamise ukuba yinkinga yemvume kunokuba kube umthamo. Uphahla oluntantayo lususa isikhala somhwamuko futhi ngokuvamile luyisinyathelo esisodwa esishibhe kakhulu, kulandele ukuxhumana kokugcwalisa okuvaliwe ukuze ukulethwa kungavuli ithangi emoyeni. Uma isayithi liphendula uwoyela, kuvela okunye okucatshangelwayo: umsele wangaphansi, isikhathi sokuhlala kanye nokukhipha udaka konke kudinga ukuba kube emdwebeni ofanayo nomphansi wethangi, ngoba amanzi kanye nenhlabathi kulo msebenzi kuthatha umthamo ongakaze ubonwe umthamo osebenzisekayo.
Uphahla uma kuqhathaniswa nedome eligxilile kulo msebenzi
I-dome ye-aluminium egxilile ye-geodesic ebhekiselwe ku-AWWA D108 noma i-API 650 igcina ipani elintantayo ngaphansi kwayo, livikelwe emoyeni naseqhweni, futhi ligcina isikhala somhwamuko sivaliwe; kubiza kakhulu futhi kunciphisa ukufinyelela esiqongweni sethangi. Uphahla oluntantayo lwangaphandle luveza ipani kodwa lunikeza ukufinyelela okungavinjelwe kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokuqala, futhi esitolo samafutha asetshenzisiwe lapho ukufinyelela kokuthatha isampula nokukhipha udaka kubalulekile, lokho kuvame ukuba ukuhweba okungcono. Isembozo se-membrane ephindwe kabili siphathelene nenkinga ehlukile, sigcina i-biogas ku-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa, futhi akusona isisombululo esifanele sethangi lamafutha angamanzi.
Ogebodini, izimo zomngcele okufanele zishiwo zicacile: ukugcinwa komoya, hhayi isitsha sokucindezela, ngepompo noma indlela yokukhipha ngamandla adonsela phansi ngaphansi kwezinga eliphansi, kanye nesisekelo esinokuxazululwa okuvunyelwe okubhaliwe, ngoba igobolondo elitshekile libopha ipani elintantayo ngokushesha kunanoma yini enye.
Ikhasi Lomsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi elikhulu lamakhemikhali elinobubanzi obukhulu | I-Zhejiang, e-China | Ithangi le-GFS | 11,613 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugada, φ24.45 × 19.8 m |
Isihlukanisi segesi kanye nemikhumbi yokucindezela | Uzbekistan | Imikhumbi yokucindezela ngokwencazelo yenkontileka | okuncike kuphrojekthi | ukuhlinzeka, imikhumbi kanye nezihlukanisi |
Uhlelo lwethangi lokungcola kamasipala, amayunithi ayi-10 | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 17,420 m³ | ukuhlinzeka, indawo enamathangi amaningi |
Kumaphrojekthi akulesi sigaba sesevisi, i-Center Enamel ihlinzeka ngamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel afanayo okugcina kamasipala nezimboni, nobubanzi bomthamo obuqinisekiswa incazelo yephrojekthi.
Amandla Obunjiniyela e-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isike yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) e-China, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ekugcineni uwoyela osetshenzisiwe lokhu kuhlanganisa igobolondo lekhabhoni eline-lining uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhethwa kwe-stainless, uphahla lwepani elintantayo kanye nokuvaleleka kwalo nokuhlelwa kokudonsa amanzi, kanye nomgodi wangaphansi kanye nemininingwane yokudonsa udaka kumdwebo wethangi elifanayo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe uphahla oluntantayo lunengqondo kumafutha ane-viscous?
A1: Yebo, emafutheni asetshenzisiwe anokuxubana kukaphethiloli. Ingxenye kaphethiloli inyusa umfutho womhwamuko, ngakho ukususa isikhala somhwamuko kunciphisa kokubili ukulahleka kanye nephunga. Esitokini esinzima esingenaphethiloli, inzuzo incane.
Umbuzo 2: Yini egqwalisa ithangi lamafutha asetshenzisiwe?
Impendulo 2: Amanzi kanye nemikhiqizo yokugqwala engxenyeni engezansi, hhayi amafutha ngokwawo. Yingakho izinga eliphansi kakhulu lidinga ukukhethwa kwezinto zokulininga noma isinqumo sezinto, futhi kungani idreyini yangaphansi endaweni ephansi idingeka.
Umbuzo 3: Iyiphi into yepani?
Impendulo 3: Ingxubevange ye-aluminium AA 5052 noma AA 5083 ivamile kudekhi elintantayo, elingagqwali. Amapani ensimbi asetshenziswa lapho umkhiqizo noma isimo somlilo kudinga wona.
Umbuzo 4: Uphahla lwaklanyelwe miphi indinganiso?
A4: I-AWWA D108 noma i-API 650 yophahla negobolondo, kanye nomthwalo womoya neqhwa ovela ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10 ngezimo zendawo.
Q5: Ingabe kufanele ngisebenzise uphahla oluntantayo noma idome eligxilile?
A5: Ipani elintantayo lishibhile futhi linikeza ukufinyelela phezulu kwethangi, okuwusizo ekuthathweni kwesampula nasekukhipheni udaka; idome eligxilile livikela ipani futhi livala indawo yomhwamuko ngezindleko eziphezulu.
Q6: Uyinqanda kanjani iphunga endaweni yokugcwalisa?
A6: Ngokuvala uxhumo lokugcwalisa emugqeni wokuletha ukuze ithangi lingavulelwa emoyeni ngesikhathi sokudlulisa, kanye nendawo yomhwamuko esuswa uphahla oluntantayo.
Q7: Iyiphi into eyinhloko yokuhlola?
A7: Isimo sesivalo somugqa, indlela yokukhipha amanzi emvula kanye namanzi ahlala phansi, nokuthi ipani lisahamba ngokukhululeka ogebodini ngemva kwemijikelezo eminingi yokugcwalisa.
Amafulegi aphaphamayo ezindongeni zokugcina uwoyela wezinjini osetshenzisiwe anqoba ngezinto ezimbili: anciphisa ukulahleka komhwamuko nephunga ngokususa isikhala somhwamuko, futhi enza uketshezi olunzima ukulugcina lula kuqweqwe lekhabhoni elinengubo. Amanzi ngaphansi, uphethiloli engxenyeni enkulu kanye nenombolo ye-asidi ekhuphukayo yizimo ezintathu okufanele zenzelwe, futhi zonke zisingathwa ngomsele wangaphansi, umjikelezo wokuhlola isivalo kanye nengubo engasebenzi. Khetha ipani yangaphandle ukuze uthole ukufinyelela kanye nedome elingagudli ukuze uthole isivikelo, futhi chaza umsele ngokuvikelwa kweqhwa. Thumela incazelo yamafutha, isikhathi sokulethwa, umthamo kanye nesimo somthwalo wendawo emasini obunjiniyela futhi ukuhlelwa kophahla kuzobuya nephethini yombhalo.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela idatha yokubuyekezwa kwesitoreji samafutha asetshenzisiwe: ukucaciswa okujwayelekile kokungena okunamanzi nokuqukethwe kukaphethiloli kanye nenombolo ye-asidi, isikhathi esilindelekile sokugcina, ukuhamba kokulethwa kanye nosayizi wethangi, ukuthi ngabe uwoyela uyaphendulwa noma uyashiswa, umkhawulo wephunga noma imvume, kanye nezimo zomoya neqhwa zesizinda. Sizobuyisela isincomo segobolondo nolwelwesi, uhlobo lwephahla elintantayo kanye nempahla yepani, imininingwane yesivalo sedreyini, isisekelo se-sump kanye nokuhlelwa kokudonswa kwenkunkuma, kanye nephakethe eliphelele ledokhumenti yethenda. Ukubuyekezwa kobunjiniyela kuqala, akunasibopho.
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