Uphahla Oluntantayo Lwamathangi Uwoyela Esiphalishi Esikabili Sengilazi Engagqwali
Kwadalwa ngo 02.03
Uphahla Oluntantayo Lwamathangi Okugcina Uwoyela Odongeni Olukabili Lensimbi Engagqwali
Iphahla elintantayo esitsheni sokugcina uwoyela esinodonga olukabili sensimbi engagqwali lenza imisebenzi emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa: lisusa isikhala somhwamuko ongaphezu koketshezi ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka okumile kanye nokukhishwa komoya, futhi ligcina ugobolondo lwangaphakathi lusesimweni esilawulwayo sokugqwala ngokunciphisa ukuthintana nomoya-mpilo namanzi. Ugobolondo lwangaphakathi luvame ukuba yi-304 noma i-316L, lukhethwa ngokuya ngokuqukethwe kwe-chloride ne-sulfide, futhi ukuhlelwa kodonga olukabili kwengeza indawo ephakathi kwemingcingo yokuthola ukuvuza okulindelwe yimithetho yamathangi emikhiqizo kaphethroli elawulwayo. Iphahla liyitshebo elintantayo, ngokuvamile i-aluminium alloy AA 5052 noma AA 5083, elakhelwe i-AWWA D108 noma i-API 650 ngomthwalo womoya neqhwa othathwe ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10.
Ukugcinwa kukawoyela ngensimbi engagqwali yisimo esithile sobunjiniyela. Umkhiqizo yi-hydrocarbon, into eyakhiwe ngayo igobolondo ikhethwa ngenxa yokuhlanzeka noma ukumelana nokugqwala hhayi izindleko, futhi umthetho mayelana nokugcinwa kwemikhiqizo kawoyela ulindele udonga olukabili olunokutholwa kokuvuza emgodini ophakathi kwawo. Phezu kwalokho kuza umbuzo wokukhishwa komoya, ngoba ithangi likawoyela elinophahla olungaguquki kanye nembobo yokuphefumula lizolahlekelwa umkhiqizo kanye ne-VOC njalo lapho ligcwaliswa. Amaqembu aqhathanisa uphahla oluntantayo lwamathangi kawoyela angensimbi engagqwali anodonga olukabili ngokuvamile axazulula ukuhlelwa kophahla kanye nemininingwane yomgodi ophakathi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uphahla nodonga ngakunye kunemithetho yalo yokuklama, futhi kusebenza ndawonye kuphela uma umphetho uklanywe kahle.
Kungani kusetshenziswa insimbi engagqwali ethangini likawoyela
Ukukhethwa kwezinga kuwumbuzo wamakhemikhali. I-304 stainless ihlanganisa amanzi ajwayelekile, ukudla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali okuncane, kuyilapho i-316L icaciswa lapho kukhona i-chloride noma i-sulfide, okuyisizathu esijwayelekile sokuthi ithangi likawoyela noma lomkhiqizo likhuphukele ezingeni lezinto ezisetshenziswayo. I-molybdenum equkethwe ku-316L imelana nokugqwala kwe-pitting kanye ne-crevice emithanjeni yokushisela kanye nanoma yikuphi lapho amanzi ehlala khona, futhi izinga le-carbon ephansi linciphisa i-sensitisation endaweni ethintekile ukushisa ngemuva kokushisela. Ukuqedwa kwendawo kulandela umqondo ofanayo: i-2B yokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile, i-No.1 yegobolondo lezimboni elishiselwe njengoba linjalo, kanye nokuqedwa okucwebezelisiwe lapho umkhiqizo udinga ukungcola okuphansi.
Izindleko zokuqhathanisa zibalulekile futhi kufanele zishiwo ngokucacile. I-stainless inezindleko zempahla eziphindwe izikhathi eziningi kune-carbon steel, ngakho-ke kufanelekile kuphela lapho ukukhishwa kwe-metal ion, ukuhlaselwa kwe-chloride noma imfuneko yenhlanzeko kuyiphoqa. Ezimweni eziningi zokugcina uwoyela impendulo efanele i-carbon shell ene-glass-fused-to-steel noma i-fusion bonded epoxy yangaphakathi, ngoba isivimbelo i-lining futhi isakhiwo sihlala sishibhile. Lapho iphrojekthi idinga ngempela i-stainless, ukuhlelwa kodonga olukabili nophahla kube sekuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe mayelana naleso sinqumo.
Ukuhlelwa kodonga olukabili
I-annulus iyindawo yokuqapha, hhayi isitsha sesibili ngengozi. Ithangi elinodonga olukabili linesigobongo sangaphakathi esingagqwali kanye nesigobongo sangaphandle esibamba, kanti phakathi kwazo kunesikhala esiqashwe phakathi kwazo, ngakho ukuvuza esigobongweni sangaphakathi kutholakala ngaphambi kokuba umkhiqizo ufinyelele endaweni ezungezile. Emikhiqizweni yepetroliyamu elawulwayo, ukuhlelwa kokubamba kufanele kwanelise umthetho wokugcina osetshenziswayo, futhi ukuqapha kwe-annulus, ukukhipha umoya esikhaleni esiphakathi kwazo kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwezigobongo ezimbili kuyingxenye yalokho okuthunyelwayo hhayi into ecatshangelwa ngemuva.
Imininingwane emibili inquma ukuthi ukuhlelwa kuyasebenza yini ekusetshenzisweni. I-annulus kufanele igcinwe yomile futhi ikhishwe amanzi, kube ne-sump kanye nokukhombisa izinga, ngoba amanzi ahlala ku-annulus ekugcineni azothinta udonga lwangaphandle futhi aqale ukugqwala obekufuneka ukugwema ngokusebenzisa i-stainless. Futhi amagobolondo amabili anyakaza ngendlela ehlukile ngaphansi komthwalo nokuhlala phansi, ngakho indawo yokubopha kanye nezindawo zokungena ku-annulus zidinga imininingwane evumela ukunyakaza esikhundleni kokukuvimbela.
Ukuhlelwa kophahla oluntantayo
Iphanisi liyantanta, igobolondo eligxilile elingaphezulu liyalivikela. Uphahla oluntantayo lwangaphandle luhlala ngqo phezu koketshezi, okususa isikhala somhwamuko futhi kunikeze ukulahleka okuphansi kakhulu kokuma. Iphanisi elintantayo langaphakathi lihlala ngaphansi kophahla olugxilile, okugcina iphanisi lingenawo umoya neqhwa futhi lingenawo ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, ngezindleko eziphezulu kanye nokufinyelela okuncane phezulu kwithangi. Impahla yephanisi ngokuvamile i-aluminium alloy efana ne-AA 5052 noma i-AA 5083, ekhethwe ngenxa yokuntanta nokumelana nokugqwala ngokumelene ne-hydrocarbon, futhi umklamo ubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D108 noma i-API 650 ngomthwalo womoya neqhwa othathwe ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10 yesizinda.
I-rim seal iyisisetshenziswa sokukhipha umoya. Isigxivizo sokuqala kanye nesigxivizo sesibili odongeni lwegobolondo kusebenza, futhi kokubili ukuphila kwesigxivizo sokuqala kanye nomklamo wesigxivizo sesibili kufanele kube semgomeni kanye nokuhlelwa komsele wamanzi kanye nokuvikelwa kwawo ekubandeni. Uphahla olugcwala amanzi ngenxa yokuthi umsele wamanzi uvalekile ukwehluleka okujwayelekile, futhi kufanelekile ukucacisa umsele wamanzi wangaphakathi noma imilenze yomsele wamanzi enokushisisa lapho indawo ibanda.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Impahla yegobolondo langaphakathi | 304 noma 316L insimbi engagqwali | 316L yokusebenza kwe-chloride ne-sulfide |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | 2B / No.1 / epholishiwe | Ngokwemfuneko yokuhlanzeka komkhiqizo |
Ukwakhiwa kodonga | kushiselwe noma kuboshwe ngezibophezelo | Imishwele ihlolwa ngokwemfuneko yephrojekthi |
Udongamele kabili | igobolondo langaphakathi kanye ne-annulus yokuvimbela yangaphandle | Ukuvuza kutholakele esikhaleni se-interstitial |
Uhlobo lophahla | uphahla oluntantayo lwangaphandle noma ipani elintantayo langaphakathi | Kanye negobolondo lesimo sezulu elimisiwe lapho kudingeka |
Izinto zepani | i-aluminium alloy AA 5052 / AA 5083 | Ideski elintantayo, elingagqwali ukugqwala |
Ireferensi yegobolondo nophahla | AWWA D108 / API 650 | Isisekelo sokuklama |
Umthwalo womoya neqhwa | ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 | Isimo somthwalo esincike endaweni |
Uhlelo lokusivala | isivalo sokuqala somugqa kanye nesivalo sesibili | Ukulawulwa kwe-VOC kanye nokuvinjwa kwesimo sezulu |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | Iminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu | Ngokuqapha i-annulus kanye nokuhlolwa kophahla |
Ifanele insizakalo yokugcina uwoyela
Okokomkhiqizo okhanyayo onomfutho womhwamuko obalulekile, uphahla oluntantayo luguqula ithangi eliphefumulayo libe yithangi elicishe linganyakazi, okuyisigxobo esinamandla kunazo zonke ekukhishweni komoya okungcolisayo nasekulahlekeni komkhiqizo. Okokomafutha asindayo, indaba yesikhala somhwamuko incane futhi impikiswano yezindleko zepani elintantayo iyancipha kanye nayo; udonga olukabili kanye nezidingo zokushisa nokuhlunga ngokuvamile yikona okubusa. Okokomkhiqizo onanoma yikuphi okuqukethwe yi-sulfide, i-316L izuza izindleko zayo ezindaweni zokushisela nasezansi lapho amanzi ehlala khona, futhi ipani lophahla kufanele lihlolwe ngokuqhathaniswa nokuqukethwe kwesulfure ne-chloride yomoya wendawo kanye nomkhiqizo.
Lapho isithiyo sokugqwala kunengxubevange siyisidingo, enye indlela iyingobolondo lekhabhoni elinengaphakathi le-glass-fused-to-steel elishiswe ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, ungqimba lwe-enamel olungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm olukalwa ngaphezu kwe-3,450 N/cm², kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngepaneli ngayinye. Leyo ndlela igcina izindleko zesakhiwo ziphansi futhi isithiyo singasebenzi, futhi ingahlanganiswa nophahla lwepani elintantayo olufanayo kanye nengqondo efanayo ye-annulus yodonga olukabili.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali yamanzi angcolile ezindwangu | Tunisia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali (304/316L) | 846 m³ | ukuhlinzeka, iphakethe legobolondo lensimbi engagqwali |
Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali yamanzi angcolile | Czech Republic | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali (304/316L) | 647 m³ | ukuhlinzeka, iphakethe legobolondo lensimbi engagqwali |
Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali lokugcina uketshezi lwezimboni | Malaysia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali (304/316L) | 815 m³ | ukuhlinzeka, iphakethe legobolondo lensimbi engagqwali |
Kumaphrojekthi akulesi sigaba sesevisi, i-Center Enamel ihlinzeka ngamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel ne-stainless steel afanayo okugcina kamasipala nezimboni, nobubanzi bomthamo kuqinisekiswa incazelo yephrojekthi.
Amandla Obunjiniyela e-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina izinto aboshwe ngezibophezelo. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Kumathangi kawoyela anodonga olukabili e-stainless steel lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-304 ne-316L, igobolondo elishiselwe noma eliboshiwe kanye nobubanzi bokuhlola kwalo, i-annulus yodonga olukabili kanye nemininingwane yokuqapha, kanye nophahla lwepani elintantayo nokufakwa kwe-seal nedreyini kumdwebo wokuxhumana ofanayo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Kunini lapho ithangi le-stainless elinodonga olukabili lifanele izindleko zawo kumafutha?
A1: Lapho i-chloride noma i-sulfide ihlasela igobolondo lekhabhoni, lapho ukukhishwa kwe-ion yensimbi kungangcolisa umkhiqizo, noma lapho imfuneko yenhlanzeko iphoqa insimbi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, igobolondo lekhabhoni eline-enamel noma i-epoxy lining ngokuvamile liyinzuzo engcono.
Q2: 304 noma 316L yethangi lokugcina uwoyela?
A2: 304 yesevisi ehlanzekile evamile kanye no-316L lapho amanzi ehlala khona ne-chloride noma lapho i-sulfide ikhona, njengoba i-molybdenum content imelana nokugqwala kwe-pitting kanye nokugqwala kwe-crevice emithanjeni yokushisela.
Q3: Ingabe udonga olukabili lwengeza ini ngempela?
A3: Isikhala esiqaphiwe phakathi kwegobolondo langaphakathi nelangaphandle, ukuze ukuvuza egobolondweni langaphakathi kutholakale ngaphambi kokuba umkhiqizo ufinyelele emvelweni, okuyilokho okulindelwe umthetho wokugcina wemikhiqizo kaphethroli elawulwayo.
Q4: Yiluphi uhlobo lophahla oluntantayo olufanele le sevisi?
A4: Uphahla oluntantayo lwangaphandle lunikeza ukulahleka okuphansi kakhulu kokuma ngokufinyelela okuqondile kanye nokuchayeka okuphelele kwesimo sezulu; iphani elintantayo langaphakathi ngaphansi kwedome elingagudli elivikela iphani ngezindleko eziphezulu.
Q5: Yiluphi uchungechunge olulawula uphahla?
A5: I-AWWA D108 noma i-API 650 yokwakhiwa kophahla negobolondo, nomthwalo womoya neqhwa uthathwe ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10 yesizinda.
Q6: Iyiphi ingozi enkulu yokunakekela?
A6: Amanzi ku-annulus uma ukuqapha nokudonsa kunganakwa, kanye nedreyini yophahla evaliwe elayisha iphani. Kokubili kutholakala ngokuhlola okujwayelekile kwezinga le-annulus kanye nendlela yedreyini.
Q7: Ingabe uphahla olufanayo lungafakwa ethangini lensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi?
A7: Yebo. Uphahla lwepani kanye nokuvaleleka komphetho walo kusebenza kugobolondo le-enamel eliboshwe ngamabhawudi, okuyindlela evamile yokuthola ingaphakathi elingasebenzi ngezindleko eziphansi zesakhiwo kune-stainless eqinile.
Floating roofs on stainless steel double wall oil storage tanks bring three requirements together: a material choice justified by the product chemistry, a monitored interstitial space that satisfies the storage regulation, and a buoyant pan that removes the vapour space. Get the 304 versus 316L decision right, keep the annulus dry and monitored, and detail the rim seal and the drain properly, and the tank will hold product for thirty years or more. Where the real requirement is an inert barrier rather than an alloy, the enamel lined bolted shell delivers the same result at a lower cost. Send the product, the chloride and sulfide content, the emission limit and the site load case to the engineering desk and the configuration will come back with the document package.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela idatha yesitoreji ukuze kubuyekezwe uphahla negobolondo: umkhiqizo kanye nomfutho wawo womhwamuko, okuqukethwe kwe-chloride ne-sulfide, ukuthi ingabe ukugcinwa kodonga olukabili kuyadingeka yini, imikhawulo yomthamo nobubanzi, umthetho wokugcina osebenzayo, indlela yokuqapha i-annulus ozoyisebenzisa, kanye nezimo zomoya neqhwa zesizinda. Sizobuyisela ukukhethwa kwezinto, ukuhlelwa kodonga olukabili, uhlobo lwephahla elintantayo kanye nezinto zepani, imininingwane yesilinda nokukhipha amanzi, inketho yegobolondo, kanye nephakethe eliphelele ledokhumenti yethenda. Ukubuyekezwa kobunjiniyela kuqala, akunasibopho.
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