Amarepha Entantayo Ezitsheni Zokugcina Uwoyela: Umhlahlandlela Wezobunjiniyela Nokulawulwa Kokukhishwa
Kwadalwa ngo 2025.07.31
Amakhanda Ahlangene Wokugcina Amafutha: Umhlahlandlela Wobunjiniyela & Ukulawulwa Kokukhishwa
Ikhanda elihlangene liyisici esibalulekile sokuphepha nokusebenza esisetshenziswa kumathanki amafutha agcinwe phezulu. Ngokuhlangana ngqo phezu kobubanzi bamanzi agcinwe, ikhanda likhipha isikhala se-vapor (ullage) esivamile ukuvela phezulu kwemikhiqizo ethokozisayo. Le ndlela yobunjiniyela yehlisa kakhulu ukulahleka kokupholisa, inciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), futhi yehlisa ingozi yomlilo nokuphahlazeka ngokuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-vapor-air elangazelelayo.
1. Inhloso Yobunjiniyela: Kungani Amakhanda Ahlangene?
Emakhemisi anophahla oluqinile, imikhiqizo enomoya (njenge-gasoline, uwoyela ongahluziwe, noma i-naphtha) ivuke ibe umusi esikhundleni phakathi kwendawo engaphezulu yoketshezi nophahla, idale umphumela wokuphefumula lapho umusi uphuma (uvunyelwa) lapho kugcwaliswa noma izinguquko zokushisa. Uphahla oluntantayo lulungisa lokhu ngokuthi:
● Ukuqeda Indawo Yomusi: Uphahla luhamba ngokuvundlile ngenani loketshezi, lugcina umthamo wesikhala phakathi koketshezi nophahla ube ngaphansi kakhulu.
● Ukulawula Ukukhishwa: Ngokubeka isikhala soketshezi, uphahla oluntantayo lunganciphisa ukulahleka kokuvuka ngaphezu kuka-90–95%, kusiza izindawo ukuthi zihlangane nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuhambisana nemvelo (isibonelo, imithetho ye-EPA/NESHAP).
● Ukuvimbela Umlilo: Imizi enomlilo iyabanjwa noma iyasuswa, isusa umthombo oyinhloko "wokudla" emililweni yethangi.
2. Izinhlobo Zophahla Oluntantayo
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, ngayinye ilungele izidingo ezahlukene zokusebenza nezomoya.
Uphahla Olungaphandle Oluntantayo (EFR)
● Umklamo: I-cylinder shell evulekile lapho ideski lophahla oluntantayo libonakala ngokuphelele endaweni ezungezile.
● Okulunge kakhulu: Amadangekhi anobubanzi obukhulu (isitoreji sikayeloyilokrudu) lapho ukuhlanza kwangaphakathi nokufinyelela ekugcinweni kuthuthukiswa.
● Izinto okumele kucatshangelwe: Ngenxa yokuthi uphahla luthola imvula, ikhephu, nomoya, ludinga uhlelo oluqinile, oluzikhiphelayo (ngokuvamile ihoseji eliguquguqukayo noma isikhungo sokukhipha amanzi esihlangene) ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqoqana kwamanzi endaweni ephansi, okungadala ukuthi uphahla lucwile.
Uphahla Oluhlala Ngaphakathi (IFR)
● Umklamo: Uphahla oluhlala ngaphakathi ethangini oluphinde lube nophahla olungaphandle oluqinile (ngokuvamile umumo wenkundla noma umumo wenkoni).
● Okulunge kakhulu: Ukugcina imikhiqizo enomoya ophuthumayo ezindaweni ezinezimo zezulu zonke.
● Izinto okumele kucatshangelwe: Uphahla oluqinile lusebenza njengesihlangu sezulu, luvikela uphahla oluhlala emoyeni emvula, ikhephu, nezinye izinto, okwandisa impilo yezimpawu futhi kunciphisa kakhulu ukugcinwa uma kuqhathaniswa ne-EFRs.
3. Izingxenye Zobuchwepheshe Zokuqinisekisa Ukusebenza
Ukusebenza kophahla oluhlala emoyeni kunqunywa ikhwalithi nomklamo wezinhlelo zalo ezingaphansi:
● Uhlelo Lokuvikela I-Rim: Ibhariyela eliguquguqukayo (okuyinhloko futhi ngokuvamile okwesekelo) elitholakala phakathi komkhawulo ophakeme kanye nesikhwama sethanki. Lokhu kuyisigaba esiyinhloko sokulawulwa kokukhishwa.
● Amapulanka/Amamojuli Okuhlenga: Asetshenziselwa ukugcina uphahla luhlale entantayo. Uma kwenzeka ukuvuza kwesitembu noma ukugqoboka kwesitezi, lezi zingxenye ziqinisekisa ukuthi uphahla alucwilisi.
● Izinhlelo Zokudonsa Amanzi (Ezihambisana ne-EFR): Kubalulekile ekuvikelekeni. Lezi zinhlelo zithutha amanzi emvula avela phezulu uphahla ngaphandle kwethangi. Ukwehluleka lapha kuyimbangela eyinhloko yemicimbi yokucwila kophahla.
● Izinsika Zokuqondisa Namadivayisi Aphikisana Nokujikeleza: Lezi ziqinisekisa ukuthi uphahla luhamba ngokuqondile ngaphandle kokujikijela, kuvimbela uphahla ukuthi lungaqaleki" (lungaleki), okungadala ukuphuka kwesitembu.
4. Ukuhlaziywa Okuhambisanayo: I-EFR vs. IFR
Isici | Uphahla Oluhlala Entantayo Ngaphandle (EFR) | Uphahla Oluhlala Entantayo Ngaphakathi (IFR) |
Ukuvikelwa Kwesimo Sezulu | Akukho (Ukuvezwa Ngqo) | Kuphezulu (Uphahla Olungaphandle Olungashintshi) |
Izidingo Zokugcinwa | Kuphezulu (Ukunakekelwa Kokudonsa Amanzi/Isitembu) | Kuncane (Kuvikelwe Ezintweni) |
Isicelo Esingcono Kakhulu | Amafutha Emvelo Amakhulu | Ama-hydrocarbon Akhanyayo Avuvukayo Kakhulu |
Izindleko Zokwakha | Emaphakathi | Phezulu (ngenxa yophahla/i-dome yangaphandle) |
Ukulawulwa Kokuphuma | Kuhle Kakhulu | Okungcono Kakhulu (Ukuvikelwa Okungqimba-mbili) |
5. Izinga Eliphezulu Lokuphepha Nokugcinwa
Ukugcina ukuhlala phezulu nokugcinwa kokuvaleka kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kugwenywe ukwehluleka okukhulu.
● Izibalo Zokuntanta: Abasebenzisi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi uphahla luhlala lunquntile ngisho nasezikhathini zokungasebenzi kahle (isibonelo, amapontoni amabili aseduze agcwele amanzi noma ukubuthaniswa kwamanzi okungu-250mm).
● Ukuhlolwa Kobuqinile Besitembu: Kudingeka ukuhlola njalo okubonwayo nokuhlola okwenziwa ngamathuluzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izitembu zemiphetho zihlala zithintana nodonga lwethangi kulo lonke uhla oluphelele lokunyakaza.
● Izinsipho Zokudonsa Amanzi (EFR): Izinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi kumele zihlolwe ukuthi azivuza yini. Isipho esivuza amanzi singangenisa umkhiqizo ophahleni lophahla, sidale ingozi enkulu yomlilo.
● Ukuvikelwa Kwezulu: Ukubopha okulinganayo (ukugxilisa) kuyadingeka ukuze kuvinjwe imifula emikhulu ngesikhathi sezulu, okuyimithombo ejwayelekile yokuvutha kwemililo ye-EFR rim.
Amarefulethi entantayo ayisidingo esibalulekile sobuchwepheshe sokugcina imikhiqizo kaphethiloli ngokuphepha nangempumelelo. Noma ukhetha i-EFR (External Floating Roof) emisebenzini enkulu kawoyela noma i-IFR (Internal Floating Roof) yemikhiqizo enomoya ophakeme ezindaweni ezinobunzima, ukugxila kwezobunjiniyela kufanele kuhlale ekugcineni kokuqina kwezimpawu, ukuphathwa kokuntanta, nokudonsa amanzi. Ukucaciswa okufanele nokugcinwa okuqinile kuyizikhiye zokuhambisana nemvelo nokuvikelwa kwempahla.
Ngabe njengamanje uhlola ukuthuthukiswa kwethangi noma ukukhetha ukucushwa kophahla olufanele iphrojekthi entsha yesikhumulo sezindiza, futhi ungathanda ulwazi mayelana nokuhambisana kwezinto ezithile zokuqina kwezimpawu ngomkhiqizo wakho?
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