Amasistimu Emathangi Ophahla Oluntantayo Okulawula Umhwamuko kanye Nomsebenzi Wokugcina
Kwadalwa ngo 07.27
Amasistimu Emathangi Ophahla Oluntantayo Okulawula Umhwamuko kanye Nomsebenzi Wokugcina
Ithangi elisophahla elintantayo lisusa isikhala somhwamuko ngaphezu koketshezi esikhundleni sokukugcina. Uphahla oluntantayo lwangaphandle luhamba phezu kwendawo yomkhiqizo, ngakho ukulahleka kokugcinwa okumile kanye nokulahleka kokuphefumula okuvela ekugcwaliseni nasekukhipheni kuncishiswa kube ukuhwamuka okudlula ophahleni uqobo, okuyimpikiswano eyinhloko yokulawula i-VOC. Ipani ngokuvamile i-aluminium alloy efana ne-AA 5052 noma i-AA 5083, eklanyelwe i-AWWA D108 noma i-API 650, nomthwalo womoya neqhwa othathwe ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10. Uma kuqhathaniswa nedome ye-aluminium engashintshi, kubiza kancane futhi kunikeza ukufinyelela okugcwele ethangini kodwa kuchayeka kakhulu esimweni sezulu futhi kudinga isigaxa kanye nohlelo lokunakekela umsele wamanzi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesembozo se-membrane ephindwe kabili, iyipani eqinile kunokuba isembozo esiguquguqukayo.
Wonke umthombo wokugcina uketshezi unezindlela ezimbili zokwakha uphahla. Enye igcina umhwamuko ngaphansi kophahla olungashintshi futhi ibhekana nokukhishwa okuphuma kuketshezi, kanti enye isusa isikhala somhwamuko ukuze uketshezi luvalwe phezulu kwalo. Leyo ndlela yesibili iyithangi elinophahla oluntantayo, futhi ivela noma kuphi lapho umkhiqizo unomfutho womhwamuko omkhulu, lapho umkhawulo wokukhishwa uyisibopho, noma lapho umhwamuko kufanele uhlale noketshezi esikhundleni sokubalekela ocingweni lokulawula. Amaqembu acubungula le nketho ngokuvamile alinganisa ukulahleka komhwamuko, imikhawulo yemvume, ukunakekelwa kophahla kanye nezindleko. Ubunjiniyela bungokomshini kakhulu kunokuba bungajwayelekile, futhi izindlela zokwehluleka zikhuluma ngamagaskets, amadreyini kanye nokuthi iphini lihlale lintanta esikhundleni sokuvinjwa.
Indlela uphahla oluntantayo olusebenza ngayo
Uphahla luyantanta ngoba lunamandla okubhukuda futhi luvaliwe. Ipani, ngokuvamile idethi yamapuleti e-aluminium alloy noma idethi yensimbi enegumbi lokubhukuda, lihlala ngqo phezu kwendawo yoketshezi futhi likhuphuka futhi lehle ngokugcwaliswa nangokukhipha. Njengoba kungekho sikhala somhwamuko esihlala njalo, umkhiqizo awuphefumuli ngophahla, futhi ukulahlekelwa okumile kungukuhwamuka kuphela okuvela kudethi elivaliwe, okuphansi kakhulu kunethangi elivulekile noma elinophahla olugxilile. Ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa, uphahla lukhuphuka noketshezi, ngakho umhwamuko okhishiwe mncane; ngesikhathi sokukhipha, kusebenza okufanayo ngokuphambene. Yingakho icala lokulawula liqinile: lokhu kulungiselelwa kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokulawula ukukhishwa kwe-volatile organic compound emkhunjini wokugcina ngaphandle kwesistimu yokulawula umhwamuko.
Uphahla ludinga isivalo somgogodla odongeni lwegobolondo, isivalo sokuqala futhi ngokuvamile isivalo sesibili, imilenze yokudonsa noma umsele wangaphakathi wokukhipha amanzi emvula, kanye nophahla olungagudli olungaphezulu njengegobolondo lesimo sezulu endaweni yophahla oluntantayo lwangaphakathi. Endaweni yangaphandle akukho phahla olungagudli; ipani ngokwalo liyindawo yesimo sezulu futhi lithatha umoya neqhwa ngqo, yingakho isimo somthwalo sibhalwe ngokusobala ngokumelene ne-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10 yesayithi.
Uphahla oluntantayo lwangaphandle uma luqhathaniswa nedome eligxilile
Isinqumo ukuchayeka nokufinyelela ngokuqhathaniswa nokugcinwa. Uphahla oluntantayo lwangaphandle luyinto eshibhile kulezi zimbili futhi lunikeza ukufinyelela okungavinjelwe esiqongweni sethangi ukuze kufakwe amapayipi nokunakekela, futhi isikhala somhwamuko siyasuswa ngakho ukuncipha kokulahlekelwa kukhulu. Ubuthakathaka balo ukuchayeka esimweni sezulu: ipani lithatha umthwalo weqhwa nomoya ovunguzayo ngqo, izigxivizo zomphetho nemilenze yokudonsa zingena esimweni sokubanda kanye nemfucumfucu, futhi uphahla ludinga ukuhlolwa ngemva kwesiphepho ngasinye. Idome ye-aluminium eqinile ye-geodesic, eklanyelwe i-AWWA D108 noma i-API 650 ngereferensi efanayo yomoya neqhwa, igcina ipani elintantayo livikelekile ngaphansi futhi inikeza isikhala somhwamuko esivalwe unomphela, ngezindleko eziphezulu zokuqala kanye nokufinyelela okungalula esiqongweni sethangi.
Kukhona futhi umndeni we-membrane. Isembozo se-membrane ephindwe kabili sibamba igesi ku-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa nge-membrane yangaphakathi neyangaphandle, okufanele i-anaerobic digester noma isigcina se-biogas, kodwa kumkhiqizo woketshezi oluguquguqukayo ukuhlelwa kwepani eqinile ngokuvamile kuyimpendulo efanele ngoba kubamba umngcele womhwamuko ngaphandle kwesistimu yokucindezela igesi.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Uhlobo lophahla | uphahla lwangaphandle oluntantayo, ipani langaphakathi elintantayo, idome eligxilile | Kukhethwa ngomkhiqizo nomkhawulo wokukhishwa |
Impahla yepani | ingxubevange ye-aluminium AA 5052 / AA 5083 | Imelana nokugqwala, idekhi elintantayo |
Inkomba yomklamo wegobolondo | AWWA D108 / API 650 | Ukwakhiwa kophahla nogobolondo |
Umthwalo womoya neqhwa | ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 | Isimo somthwalo esiqondene nendawo |
Uhlelo lokuvala | isivalo sokuqala somugqa kanye nesivalo sesibili | Ukulawulwa kwe-VOC nokuvimbela isimo sezulu |
Ukuhlelwa kwedreyini | idreyini yangaphakathi noma imilenze yedreyini | Ukuvikelwa ekubandeni kuyadingeka ezindaweni ezibandayo |
Inketho yokufaka uphahla ngaphakathi | 0.25–0.45 mm i-enamel, ishiselwe ku-820–930 °C | Ra < 0.8 µm, kukalwe ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² |
Inketho yophahla oluboshiwe | ~1.2 m amapaneli, amabhawudi ebanga lika-8.8 | Amajoyinti e-flange e-gasket ye-EPDM |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | Iminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu | Ngohlelo lokuhlola lwesizini |
Ukufanelana komkhiqizo kanye negobolondo lethangi
Ukukhethwa kophahla oluntantayo kulandela uketshezi. Imikhiqizo enomfutho womhwamuko obalulekile, izincibilikisi eziguquguqukayo, imifudlana efana nophethroli kanye nezinye izinto ezimaphakathi zamakhemikhali ziyisibonelo sakudala, futhi ukuncishiswa kokukhishwa kungalinganiswa ngokumelene nomkhawulo wemvume. Imikhiqizo enengozi yomlilo engokwemvelo ingase idinge uphahla olungagudli kanye nohlelo lokukhulula esikhundleni sendishi entantayo, ngoba indishi ayiyona into evimbela umlilo ngendlela efanayo, futhi icala lomlilo kufanele lihlolwe ngeziphathimandla zephrojekthi. Imikhiqizo esekelwe emanzini kanye nomfutho womhwamuko ophansi izuza kancane, futhi imali ingasetshenziswa kangcono kwenye indawo.
Ohlangothini lwegobolondo ithangi liyisitoreji somoya esondla iphampu noma umgudu wokuphuma ngamandla adonsela phansi, hhayi isitsha sokucindezela. Igobolondo lensimbi elihlanganiswe ngengilazi eliboshwe ngamabhawudi elinamaphaneli ashiselwa ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C futhi ahlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC lihambisana kahle lapho umkhiqizo kungafanele ungcoliswe ukugqwala, futhi iphaneli ngayinye iyahlolwa ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Umphetho uyindawo ebalulekile yokuxhumana nophahla oluntantayo: phezulu kwegobolondo kufanele kuqonde futhi kube yindilinga ukuze isivalo somphetho sihambe ngaphandle kokubopha, futhi ukubekezelelana kobubanzi bophahla kufanele kube semdwebeni kunokuba kushiyelwe kumakhi wepani.
Ukusebenza nokuhlola
Ukunakekelwa okugcina ithangi elinophahla oluntantayo lithembekile akukho okukhangayo futhi kucacile. Hlola izicwecwe zasemaphethelweni ukuthi aziklebhuki noma zinazo izinto ezinqwabelanayo ngesikhathi sokumiswa, qinisekisa ukuthi indlela yokudonsa amanzi icacile futhi iyashisa lapho kudingeka khona, qinisekisa ukuthi uphahla alubambani nogange lwethangi ngemuva kokuhla kwesisekelo, gcina umphezulu wethangi ungena imfucumfucu futhi uhlelele umthwalo weqhwa wesizini, futhi hlola isibambiso noma isisetshenziswa sokuvimbela ukujikeleza ukuze ipani lingaphenduki nomoya. Ipani ebambekile noma etshekile iyiphutha elivamile, futhi ngokuvamile liqala ngokudonsa amanzi okuvalekile kanye nepani egcwele amanzi.
Ohlelweni lwethangi eliboshiwe, isimiso esifanayo sisebenza kugobolondo: isimo se-gasket eflethini, i-torque yebhawudi ngemuva kokugcwaliswa kokuqala, kanye nokuhla kwesisekelo ngaphakathi kwenani elivunyelwe. Kokubili kuhlolwa ohambweni lokuqedwa kwemishini, ngaphambi kokuba ithangi lithathe umkhiqizo wenqubo.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi aphuzwayo elikhulu eliyindilinga | Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugada, ukuxhumana kwegobolondo elikhulu nophahla |
Ithangi lamanzi omlilo, amayunithi amabili | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 8,930 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa, φ19.87 × 14.4 m × 2 |
Uhlelo lwamathangi okukhipha amanzi kamasipala, amayunithi ayi-10 | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 17,420 m³ | ukuhlinzeka, indawo enamathangi amaningi |
Kumaphrojekthi akulesi sigaba sesevisi, i-Center Enamel ihlinzeka ngamathangi afanayo e-glass-fused-to-steel okugcina uketshezi kamasipala nezimboni, ububanzi bomthamo buqinisekiswa incazelo yephrojekthi.
Amandla Obunjiniyela e-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ane-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Kumathangi anophahla oluntantayo lokhu kuhlanganisa igobolondo eliboshiwe eline-enamel elinokuzungeza nokubekezelelana komugqa okudingwa yipani, ukukhethwa kwesimo sophahla ngokwesimo somthwalo wendawo, kanye nemininingwane yokuvala, idreyini nokufinyelela kokuhlola kumdwebo ofanayo wokuxhumana.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yini ngempela eyongwayo ngethangi elinophahla oluntantayo?
Impendulo 1: Ukulahleka kokugcinwa okumile kanye nokulahleka kokuphefumula okuvela ekugcwaliseni nasekukhipheni, ngoba isikhala somhwamuko siyasuswa. Emkhiqizweni oshintshashintshayo lokho kuyisisekelo sonke sokulawulwa kwe-VOC.
Umbuzo 2: I-aluminium noma ipani lensimbi?
Impendulo 2: I-aluminium alloy AA 5052 noma AA 5083 ivamile ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala, ipani elilula elithatha ukusekelwa okuncane kwedekhi. Amapani ensimbi asetshenziswa lapho umkhiqizo noma isimo somlilo kukudinga khona.
Umbuzo 3: Yiluphi uchungechunge umphahla oklanyelwe lona?
Impendulo 3: Uphahla lwengaphandle lubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D108 noma API 650, kanti isimo somthwalo womoya neqhwa sithathwa ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10 yesizinda.
Umbuzo 4: Uphahla oluntantayo noma idome le-aluminium?
A4: Iphaneli elintantayo ngokuvamile lishibhile futhi linikeza ukufinyelela phezulu kwethangi kodwa lihlala lisemoyeni. Idome eligxilile livikela iphaneli futhi livala isikhala somhwamuko kodwa libiza kakhulu futhi linciphisa ukufinyelela.
Q5: Ingabe uphahla oluntantayo luyisivikelo somlilo?
A5: Akunjalo ngendlela efanayo nophahla olugxilile. Hlola icala lomlilo nesiphathimandla esinegunya lomkhiqizo, ngoba eminye imikhiqizo eyingozi idinga uphahla olugxilile nohlelo lokulawula umhwamuko esikhundleni salokho.
Q6: Iyini ingozi enkulu yokunakekela?
A6: Idreyini evalekile elayisha iphaneli ngamanzi, kanye ne-rim seal edabukile noma engcoliswe umkhiqizo. Kokubili kutholakala ngokuhlola okuvamile kokuvalwa kwama-seal nendlela yedreyini.
Q7: Ingabe uphahla oluntantayo lungafakwa ethangini eliboshiwe?
A7: Yebo, uma ingxenye ephezulu yegobolondo iyiqiniso futhi iyindilinga ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana okudingwa isivalo futhi ububanzi bophahla buhambisana negobolondo. Lokho kubekezelelana kufanele kube semdwebeni.
Ithangi elisophahla elintantayo linciphisa ukukhishwa komoya emthonjeni ngokususa isikhala somhwamuko, futhi ubunjiniyela buhlala ekusivalweni konqenqema, emseleni wokudonsa amanzi nasekuntanteni kwepani kunokuba buhlale egobolondweni. Khetha ipani yangaphandle lapho izindleko nokufinyeleleka kubalulekile futhi ukuchayeka esimweni sezulu kwamukelekile, kanye nedome ye-aluminium egxilile lapho isikhala somhwamuko kufanele sihlale sivaliwe. Yakha igobolondo libe ngumjikelezo oyindilinga wangempela, ingaphakathi eline-enamel lapho ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo kubalulekile, kanye nohlelo lokuhlola olubhaliwe lwama-seal nemisele yokudonsa amanzi. Thumela umkhiqizo, ingcindezi yawo yomhwamuko, umkhawulo wokukhishwa komoya, umthamo kanye nesimo somthwalo wendawo emdeskini yobunjiniyela futhi ukuhlelwa kophahla kuzobuya nephekheji yemibhalo.
Khuluma nonjiniyela
Thumela idatha yesitoreji: umkhiqizo kanye nengcindezi yawo yomhwamuko, umkhawulo wokukhishwa noma imvume, umthamo wethangi kanye nemikhawulo yobubanzi, umjikelezo wokugcwalisa nokukhipha, ukuthi ingabe uphahla olungagudluki luyadingeka yini ngokwekhodi yomkhiqizo, amanani omoya neqhwa esizeni, kanye nokufinyelela kukakhreyni nomgwaqo. Sizobuyisela ukuhlelwa kophahla nereferensi yalo yokuklama, into yepani nokuhlelwa kwezivalo, inketho yokuvikela umsele neqhwa, inketho yegobolondo eliboshiwe nokubekezelelana kwalo komphetho, kanye nephakethe eliphelele ledokhumenti yethenda. Ukubuyekezwa kobunjiniyela kuqala, akunasibopho.
WhatsApp