Ithangi Lophahla Oluntantayo: Izingxenye, Izinhlobo, kanye Nezinzuzo Zezimboni
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Ithangi Lophahla Oluntantayo: Izingxenye, Izinhlobo, Nezinzuzo Zezimboni
Embonjeni zomhlaba wonke zikawoyela, igesi, namakhemikhali, ukugcinwa kuketshezi oluningi ngokuphephile nangempumelelo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni ngenzuzo nasekuthobeleni imithetho yemvelo. Ithangi elintanta uphahla (floating roof tank) iyisitsha esikhethekile sokugcina izinto eziningi esakhiwe ngenkundla enyakazayo entanta ngqo phezu kobuso boketshezi olugciniwe. Ngokukhuphuka nokwehla ngokuguquguquka kwamazinga empahla, uphahla oluntanta luqeda indawo enobungozi yomhwamuko (ullage) etholakala emathangini avamile anophahla olungaguquki, lunciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali aphilayo aguqukayo (VOC) futhi lunciphisa izingozi zomlilo.
Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zethangi Lophahla Oluntantayo
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lihlelwe kanjani, ithangi elijwayelekile lezimboni elinophahla oluntantayo lakhiwa ngezingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zomshini:
1. I-Floating Deck: Isakhiwo esiyinhloko sokuntanta esihamba ngqo phezu komkhiqizo owuketshezi. Kungaba yideski elinjenge-pontoon, umklamo we-deck ephindwe kabili, noma uhlelo lwe-aluminium panel olula olwakhelwe ukusekela imithwalo yokusebenza ngaphandle kokucwila.
2. Uhlelo Lwe-Rim Seal: Isithiyo esiguquguqukayo (njenge-mechanical shoe seal noma i-liquid-filled tube ehlanganiswe ne-secondary wiper seal) esinqamula igebe elincane eliyindilinga phakathi komphetho ongaphandle kophahla oluntantayo nodonga lwangaphakathi lwethangi, livimbela ukuvuza komhwamuko.
3. I-Anti-Rotation & Guide Poles: Izigxobo eziqondisayo eziqondile noma izindlela zokuvimbela ukuzungeza zivimbela uphahla oluntantayo ukuthi lungasonta noma luzungeze njengoba luhamba luya phezulu naphansi odongeni lwethangi.
4. Imisele Yophahla & Izitebhisi Ezigingqikayo (EFRTs): Ezipahleni ezintantayo ezingaphandle ezivulekile, amapayipi okukhipha amanzi ahlanganisiwe nezitebhisi ezigingqikayo zivumela amanzi emvula ukuthi akhishwe ngokuphepha edeskini kuyilapho kunikeza ukufinyelela kosebenza kunoma yiliphi izinga loketshezi.
5. Imibhobho Yokuphefumula kanye Nemibhobho Yokuphefumula Ezenzakalelayo: Imibhobho yokuphefumula ezenzakalelayo ivula noma ivala ngokuzenzakalelayo ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa kokuqala noma ukulungiswa kwethangi elingenalutho ukuze kugwenywe ukuwa ngenxa yokungena komoya noma ukucindezela ngokweqile.
Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Zamathangi Anophahla Oluntantayo
1. Amathangi Angaphandle Anophahla Oluntantayo (EFRTs)
I-External Floating Roof Tank inogobolondo lensimbi eliyisilinda elivulekile phezulu elinesakhiwo esisindayo esintantayo esibheke ngqo emoyeni. Ama-EFRT enzelwe ikakhulukazi amatheminali amakhulu kawoyela ongahluziwe kanye nokugcinwa okukhulu kukaphethiloli lapho kudingeka khona ububanzi obukhulu (obungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-100). Basebenzisa izinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi ophahleni ezinikezelwe ukuphatha imvula.
2. Amathangi Angaphakathi Anophahla Oluntantayo (IFRs)
Ithangi elinophahla oluntantayo langaphakathi lihlanganisa izinzuzo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto eziyingozi eziphuma emoyeni kanye nokuvikelwa kwesakhiwo sophahla olungapheli olungaphezulu (njengophahla lwensimbi oluyikhoni noma i-geodesic aluminum dome). Ngenxa yokuthi uphahla olungapheli luvimba imvula nelanga, ama-IFR asusa izindleko zokulungisa eziphathelene nesimo sezulu, okwenza kube kuhle ukugcina imikhiqizo ephuculwe ephucukile, uphethiloli wezindiza, namakhemikhali ezimboni.
Ithebhula Yedatha: Amathangi Angaphakathi Anophahla Oluntantayo vs. Amathangi Angaphandle Anophahla Oluntantayo
Ipharamitha Yobuchwepheshe | Ithangi Lophahla Oluntantayo (IFR) | Ithangi Lophahla Oluntantayo Olungaphandle (EFRT) |
Ukwakheka Kogobongo Lwethangi | Uphahla oluvaliwe (Uphahla olungaphezulu olungaguquki phezu kwedeski elintantayo) | Uphahla oluvulekile (Uphahla oluntantayo luvezwe ngqo emoyeni) |
Ukuvikelwa Esimweni Sezulu | Phezulu (Uphahla olungapheli olungaguquki luvimba imvula nelanga) | Akukho (Uphahla luvezwe ngqo emvuleni, eqhweni, nasemisebeni ye-UV) |
Ukuphathwa Kwamanzi Emvula | Akudingekile (Uphahla olungaguquki luvimbela ukungena koketshezi) | Kuyadingeka (Amapayipi okukhipha amanzi aguqukayo, ama-sumps, namahose aguqukayo) |
Ukukhishwa Kwezinto Eziphilayo Eziguquguqukayo | Kuncane kakhulu (Ukugcinwa komhwamuko okuyizinga eliphindwe kabili) | Kuncane kakhulu (Kucindezelwa izinsimbi zomphetho nedekhi entantayo) |
Imikhiqizo Eyinhloko Egciniwe | Amafutha acwengiwe, uphethiloli wezindiza, amakhemikhali aguquguqukayo | Uwoyela ongahluziwe, izinto ezisindayo eziphuma kaphethiloli, izinto zokusungula eziningi |
Ububanzi Obujwayelekile Bepompo | Izikhungo ezincane ukuya kweziphakathi ezithengisa izinto eziningi | Izindawo ezinkulu zamathangi ezimboni (kuze kufike ku-100+ amamitha) |
Izinzuzo Zezimboni Zamathangi Anophahla Oluntantayo
● Ukuncishiswa Okukhulu Kwe-VOC: Ngokususa isikhala esinamandla okuvutha phezu koketshezi, amathangi anophahla oluntantayo anciphisa ukulahleka okubangelwa ukuhwamuka ngo-99%, okusiza izikhungo ukuthi zihambisane nemithetho eqinile yezemvelo (njenge-EPA ne-Clean Air Act).
● Ukuphepha Okuthuthukisiwe Komlilo Nokuqhuma: Amathangi anophahla olungaguquki avame ukuqongelela izingxube eziqhumayo zomoya nomhwamuko endaweni engaphezulu. Uphahla oluntantayo luqeda ngokuphelele lo mhwamuko, lunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuthi umbane noma ukungqubuzana kudale umlilo.
● Ukulondolozwa Kwekhwalithi Yomkhiqizo: Ukunciphisa ukuhwamuka kuvimbela ukulahleka kwezingxenye ezilula (izingxenye ezihwamukayo) zikawoyela ongahluziwe namafutha acwengisiwe, kuvikela inani lezomnotho kanye nemininingwane yamakhemikhali yempahla egciniwe.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
Umbuzo: Iyini injongo eyinhloko yophahla oluntantayo ethangini lezimboni?
Impendulo: Injongo eyinhloko ukuqeda isikhala somhwamuko (ullage) phakathi kobuso boketshezi nophahla lwethangi, okunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali aphilayo aguquguqukayo (VOC), kuvimbela ukuhwamuka komkhiqizo, futhi kunciphisa izingozi zomlilo.
Umbuzo: Amathangi anophahla oluntantayo awavimbela kanjani ukunqwabelana kwamanzi emvula?
A: Amathangi angaphandle anophahla oluntantayo (EFRTs) asebenzisa inethiwekhi yamapayipi okukhipha amanzi angenhla axhunywe emapayipini angaphakathi aguqukayo ukuze ahlukanise amanzi emvula esitebeleni. Amathangi angaphakathi anophahla oluntantayo (IFRs) awadingi izinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi ngoba uphahla olungapheli olungaphandle luvimbela imvula ukuthi ingangeni ethangini.
Q: Yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswa ukwakha izitebhisi zophahla oluntantayo?
A: Izintaba zophahla oluntantayo zesimanje ngokuvamile zenziwe ngamapuleti ensimbi ekhabhoni anamandla aphezulu ahlanganisiwe (ngokuhlelwa kwe-pontoon noma i-double-deck) noma ngama-aluminium alloys alula, amelana nokugqwala ukuze kukhuliswe ukuntanta nokuqina kwesakhiwo.
Q: What type of rim seals are used to prevent vapor leaks?
A: Izindawo zokugcina ngokuvamile zifaka izinsimbi zokuvala eziyinhloko—ezifana nezicucu zokushibilika ezinjenge-mechanical sliding shoe seals noma amashubhu agcwele uketshezi—ezihambisana nezinsimbi zokuvala ezingama-elastomeric wiper seals ukuze zakhe umgoqo oqinile, ophindwe kabili ovala igebe phakathi kwedekhi nodonga lwethangi.
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