Amathangi Amanzi Okuvikela Umlilo Isitoreji Esihambisana ne-NFPA Sezinhlelo Zokufafaza Umlilo
Kwadalwa ngo 09.02
Amathangi Amanzi Okuvikela Umlilo Avumelana ne-NFPA Isitoreji Sezinhlelo Zokufafaza Umlilo
Ithangi lamanzi okucisha umlilo lohlelo lwama-sprinkler likhona ukuze ama-sprinkler angapheli amanzi kuyilapho umlilo usavutha. Umthamo odingekayo ubalwa endaweni yokuklama, ukuminyana kokufafazwa kanye nesabelo somfula wamapayipi, kuphindwe ngesikhathi sokunikezwa kwamanzi okuvunyelwene ngaso endaweni ehlala abantu, futhi umthamo ogciniwe kufanele uhlale utholakala ngaphezu kwengcindezi ephansi yamapayipi edingekayo, kube nesabelo esigcinelwe ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi asekhaya noma inqubo ejwayelekile. I-NFPA 22 ihlanganisa ithangi kanti i-NFPA 20 ihlanganisa iphampu, futhi isitsha ngokwaso siyisitoreji esisemkhathini, ngokuvamile ithangi lensimbi eliboshiwe elinengaphakathi le-enamel elincibilikisiwe noma igobolondo le-hot dip galvanized. Isikhathi sokuphila kokuklama yiminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuqeda umlilo kungenye yamathangi ambalwa umuntu angafuni ukucabanga ngawo kuze kufike usuku okubaluleka kwawo. Impahla le ihlala ingasetshenziswa iminyaka, bese kufanele inikeze ukugeleza okuphelele okuklanyelwe ngengcindezi esele isikhathi esithile, futhi ukwehluleka okuqashelwayo ngokuvamile kuba yivalvu etholakala ivaliwe, isilinganisi sezinga esibambekile phansi, noma ingaphakathi lethangi eligqwalile ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi yokunganakwa. Amaqembu okuthenga abhala incazelo yamathangi amanzi okuvikela umlilo ahambisana ne-NFPA ezinhlelweni zokufafaza umlilo ngokuvamile aphendula imibuzo emithathu: ungakanani umthamo, isiphi isilinganiso esilawula isitsha, futhi singakugcina kanjani kutholakala ngaphandle kweqembu labasebenzi besikhathi esigcwele. Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa indlela yokulinganisa, izinketho zesitsha, kanye nemininingwane yokutholakala ehlala idlula ukuhlolwa. Lokho ukuhlolwa ekugcineni okukuhlolayo amathangi amanzi okuvikela umlilo agcinwe ngendlela ehambisana ne-NFPA ezinhlelweni zokufafaza umlilo, alinganiswa ngokwesibalo sokuminyana siphindwe ngendawo siphindwe isikhathi futhi akhiwe njengesitsha esiboshwe ngamabhawodi esisebenza ngomoya ovamile.
Ukulinganisa umthamo wamanzi okuqeda umlilo
Qala endaweni yokuklama, ukuminyana kanye nesikhathi. I-NFPA 22 iyindinganiso elawula amathangi okunikeza amanzi e-sprinkler, kanti i-NFPA 20 ihlanganisa iphampu yomlilo edonsa kuwo. Isibalo esiyinhloko sithatha indawo yokuklama yokusebenza kwe-sprinkler enkulu kunazo zonke, siyiphindaphinde nge-density yokufaka edingekayo yendawo, sengeze imvume yomgudu wamapayipi yenani lemigqa yamapayipi okuklama okucabangayo, bese siphindaphinda konke ngesikhathi sokunikezwa kwamanzi esidingwa yindawo. Lokho kunikeza umthamo wedingeko yomlilo. Kusukela lapho unjiniyela ususa lokho uhlelo olungakulindela okuvela kuhulumeni noma ekunikezeni kwenqubo ngesikhathi somcimbi, bese engeza isitokwe esidingwa yiphrojekthi yesidingo sasekhaya noma senqubo.
Kulandela izixwayiso ezimbili ezingokoqobo. Okokuqala, umthamo osebenzisekayo awuwona umthamo wejiyometriki: izinga lamanzi aphansi kufanele liphakame ngokwanele ukuze kugcinwe umfutho osele kumpompi yomlilo ekude kakhulu, futhi izinga lamanzi aphezulu limiswa ukuchichima, ngakho-ke cabanga futhi uhlole ukulawulwa kwezinga. Okwesibili, uma ithangi lisebenza njengomthombo wenqubo noma wasekhaya, umkhawulo womlilo kufanele uvinjwe ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo, ngoba iswishi yezinga esebenza imisebenzi yomibili izogcina ivumela isakhiwo ukuthi sidraine indawo egcinelwe umlilo.
Izinketho zemikhumbi yesevisi yomlilo
Ithangi lomlilo liyisitoreji se-atmospheric, futhi ukukhethwa kwe-lining kusebenza. Amaphaneli e-Glass-fused-to-steel ashiswa ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C nge-enamel layer engu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm elinganiselwa ngaphezu kwe-3,450 N/cm², ukungalingani kwendawo engaphansi kwe-Ra 0.8 µm kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-spark kwe-1500 V DC ngephaneli ngayinye kunikeza ingaphakathi elingasoze ligqwalile futhi elingasoze lingcolise amanzi. I-Fusion bonded epoxy ku-180 kuya ku-280 µm ku-AWWA C550 iyindlela yesibili. I-Hot dip galvanized ku-GB/T 13912-2020 iyindlela engabizi kakhulu yesitoreji somlilo samanzi ahlanzekile, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi lapho ithangi lincane futhi i-chemistry inobungozi obuncane; iyagwenywa emsebenzini one-chloride ephezulu noma lapho i-chemistry yamanzi inolaka. I-Welded carbon steel ihlala ivamile lapho ithangi lingcwatshwa noma lapho kuthandwa khona i-monolithic shell eyodwa, ngezindleko zokuphakanyiswa kwesayithi okusinda kakhulu.
Ama-assembly aboshiwe avela kumaphaneli acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi, ahlanganiswe ngamabhawodi e-8.8-grade kanye nama-flange ane-EPDM gasketed, afanele izindawo ezinomthamo wokukhuphula umshini olinganiselwe noma ukufinyelela komgwaqo okunzima, futhi angandiswa kamuva ngezindandatho ezengeziwe noma iyunithi yesibili. Amathangi angawodwa anikezwa afika ku-60,000 m³, ngakho izinqolobane ezinkulu zomlilo wezimboni zisemkhakheni wamandla ajwayelekile.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Inothi |
Izindinganiso ezilawulayo | NFPA 22 (ithangi), NFPA 20 (iphampu) | Ngokwesimo sephrojekthi kanye nesiphathimandla esinesikhathi |
Isisekelo sokulinganisa | ukuminyana × indawo yokuklama + imvume yepayipi × isikhathi | Kuncike endaweni ehlala abantu, kuvunyelwene ngephrojekthi |
Isigaba somkhumbi | isitoreji samanzi omlilo we-atmospheric | Akusona isitsha sokucindezela |
Ingaphakathi le-GFS | 0.25–0.45 mm i-enamel, ishiswe ku-820–930 °C | Ra < 0.8 µm, ilinganiswe ngaphezu kwe-3,450 N/cm² |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Ngephaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Inketho ye-FBE | 180–280 µm kuya ku-AWWA C550 | Uhlelo oluhlukile lokufaka uphawu |
Inketho ye-Galvanized | HDG, GB/T 13912-2020 | Indawo yokugcina amanzi omlilo ehlanzekile, enomnotho |
Amabhawodi ne-gasket | Amabhawodi e-8.8-grade, i-gasket ye-EPDM | ~1.2 m amaphaneli abhawodiwe |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | Iminyaka engu-30 noma ngaphezulu | Ngesimiso sokuhlola esingezansi |
Ukugcina isitoreji sitholakala
Ithangi lisebenziseka kuphela uma indlela esuka kulo iya empompini ivulekile futhi izinga laziwa. Ukucaciswa kufanele kulungise ukuhlelwa kwe-valve yokuhlukanisa nokukhiywa kwayo, isikhombisi sezinga esifundeka egumbini lokulawula hhayi ethangini kuphela, i-alamu yezinga eliphansi ehlukile ku-low low trip ukuze kubizwe abalungisi ngaphambi kokuba iphampu igome, uxhumo lokuhlola ukuphuma kanye nenqubo yokuhlola ebhaliwe, kanye nendlela yokuvikela ukubanda ezindaweni ezibandayo, ngokuvamile i-heat trace kanye ne-insulation hhayi idreyini.
Yonke leyo zinto ishibhile emdwebeni kunasensimini, futhi zonke zibuyekezwa yisiphathimandla esinegunya. Izinkomba ze-NFPA ziza nephrojekthi lapho isicelo sidinga khona, futhi ukwakheka komkhumbi osele kulandela incazelo yephrojekthi kanye namazinga asebenzayo okuvunyelwene ngawo enkontilekeni.
Icala Lephrojekthi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo, amayunithi amabili | Sichuan, China | Ithangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo le-GFS | 8,930 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugada, φ19.87 × 14.4 m × 2 |
Ithangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo eline-zinc | Republic of the Congo | Ithangi lensimbi ene-zinc | 566 m³ | ukuhlinzeka, isitoreji samanzi okuqeda umlilo |
Ithangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo eline-zinc | IGuinea | Ithangi lensimbi eline-galvanized | 1,983 m³ | ukuhlinzeka, isinqolobane samanzi omlilo |
Ithangi lamanzi aphuzwayo elikhulu lobubanzi | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina izinto aboshwe ngezibophezelo. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Okokuvikela umlilo emanzini kwendawo yokugcina amanzi kufaka phakathi izinketho ze-fused enamel kanye ne-galvanized bolted shell, ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphaneli e-bolted okusebenza ezindaweni ezinokufinyelela okulinganiselwe kwe-crane, kanye nemininingwane yezinga, ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuhlolwa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo okubhekwa ukuhlolwa kwe-NFPA.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ibalwa kanjani umthamo wethangi lamanzi omlilo?
Impendulo 1: Thatha indawo yokuklama, phindaphinda ngesibalo sokufaka esikhundleni sendawo, engeza imvume yokugeleza kwethumbu, phindaphinda ngesikhathi esidingekayo, bese ulungisa noma yimuphi umnikelo ovela ekuhlinzekweni kukamasipala futhi engeza isiqinisekiso esidingwa iphrojekthi.
Umbuzo 2: Yimiphi imigomo esebenzayo?
Impendulo 2: I-NFPA 22 yethangi lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi e-sprinkler kanye ne-NFPA 20 yenjini yomlilo, njengoba kuvunyelwene nesiphathimandla esinegunya lephrojekthi; umkhumbi ngokwawo uhlala uyindawo yokugcina enomoya.
Q3: I-glass-fused-to-steel noma i-galvanized yethangi lomlilo?
A3: I-GFS noma i-fusion bonded epoxy uma i-chemistry yamanzi inolaka noma indawo isogwini, kanye ne-hot dip galvanizing ngokwe-GB/T 13912-2020 endaweni yokugcina amanzi ahlanzekile lapho izindleko zibaluleke kakhulu.
Q4: Ingabe ithangi lamanzi omlilo liyisitsha esinengcindezi?
A4: Cha. Isitoreji esisemkhathini esondla iphampu ngamandla adonsela phansi noma ngephampu esekuqhumukeni, futhi ingcindezi ithuthukiswa ezansi nomfula ephampini, ayigcinwa ethangini.
Q5: Ngingayigcina kanjani indawo yokugcina ingakhishwa ukusetshenziswa okuvamile?
A5: Ngokulungisa izinga eliphansi lomlilo, ukukhiya ukuhlukanisa, nokwenza inkomba yezinga ne-alamu yezinga eliphansi ifundeke egumbini lokulawula, ukuze umkhawulo womlilo uvikelwe ngokomzimba nangethuluzi.
Q6: Yikuphi ukunakekelwa okudingwa yithangi?
A6: Ukuhlolwa okuphumayo kwesikhathi esithile ngokwenqubo ebhaliwe, ukuhlolwa kwegeji yezinga, ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kokugqwala nokungcola, kanye nokuhlolwa kwama-valve okuhlukanisa kanye ne-heat trace uma kufakiwe.
Q7: Ingabe ithangi lingandiswa kamuva?
A7: Ithangi eliboshiwe lingathatha amaringi engeziwe noma iyunithi yesibili, futhi lingaphinde lisuswe liyiswe kwenye indawo, okufanele izitshalo ezengeza indawo yokufafaza noma ezishintsha isigaba sokuhlala eminyakeni eminingi ngemuva kokugunyazwa.
Amathangi amanzi okucisha umlilo ezinhlelweni zokufafaza ayinkqubo yokulinganisa usayizi, ukukhethwa kwesitsha kanye nokuziphatha kokutholakala. Bala umthamo kusuka ekuminyaneni, indawo yokuklama kanye nesikhathi, wugcine njengethangi le-atmospheric elinengubo engeke igqwele iminyaka engamashumi amathathu noma ngaphezulu, futhi usebenzise imali ekubonisweni kwezinga, ukuhlukaniswa okukhiyiwe kanye nokuxhumana okuphumayo okuhlolwayo. Letha ukuxhumana kwepompo yomlilo emdwebeni ofanayo, ngoba ithangi nepompo kuyisistimu eyodwa. Thumela isigaba sokuhlala, indawo yokuklama nokuminyana, isikhathi, imvume yepayipi kanye nezimo zesayithi edeskini yezobunjiniyela futhi umthamo wethangi, ububanzi kanye nesincomo sengubo kuzobuya nephekhi yemibhalo.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela idatha yokuvikela umlilo: isigaba sokuhlala kanye neqembu lengozi, indawo yokuklama kanye nokuminyana kokusetshenziswa, imvume yokugeleza kwamanzi epayipini, isikhathi esidingekayo, noma yimuphi umnikelo wokuhlinzeka kamasipala noma wenqubo, ukugeleza kwepompo kanye nengcindezi esele, ukuthi ingabe isivikelo sesimo sezulu esibandayo siyadingeka, kanye nezixhumanisi zendawo kanye nemikhawulo yekhreni. Sizobuyisela umthamo wokugcina, ububanzi nokuphakama kwethangi, isincomo sokuqinisa phakathi kwensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi, i-epoxy ehlanganiswe ngokuncibilika kanye ne-hot dip galvanized, ukuhlelwa kwama-nozzle nokulawula izinga, kanye nephakethe eliphelele ledokhumenti yethenda. Ukubuyekezwa kobunjiniyela kuqala, akunasibopho.
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