I-FDA yokugcina okusanhlamvu kuma-silo okugcina ukudla okulingana nokuphepha ekugcineni izitshalo
Kwadalwa ngo 09.02
Ukuhambisana Nezinga Lokudla Kwe-Fda Grain Storage Silos Ukuze Kugcinwe Isivuno Esiphephile
Ama-silo okugcina okusanhlamvu e-FDA achazwa yilokho okwenziwa ingaphakathi kukolimo, hhayi ukuthi uphahla lubukeka kanjani ngaphandle. Izindawo ezimanzi kufanele zingamunci futhi zihlanjululwe, okuyinto ingaphakathi lensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi eliyinikezayo ngongqimba lwe-enamel oluncibilikisiwe olushiswe ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, olungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm ubukhulu, olulinganiswa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² futhi olungenabukhwekhwe ku-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm. Ukulawulwa komhwamuko, ukuqoqwa kothuli, ukuphathwa kwezinambuzane nesikhunta, kanye nomphetho oboshiwe ovaliwe one-EPDM gasket namabhawodi e-8.8-grade kunquma ukuthi okusanhlamvu kufika yomile yini. Khetha isisekelo esiyisicaba ukuze kunciphe insalela noma isisekelo se-hopper ukuze kukhishwe ngokuphelele, futhi gcina uphahla lukhisheka ngaphandle kokusika insimbi.
I-silo yokugcina okusanhlamvu iyiphakethe lezinto eziphilayo kuqala, bese kuba yisitsha sensimbi. Ummbila, ukolweni kanye nebhomu kuthwala umswakama kanye nokushisa lapho kufika, futhi isilo engakwazi ukukhipha lowo mswakama izoshisa, ibole futhi ekugcineni yonakalise konke. Ngasikhathi sinye umnikazi kufanele aphendule ohlelweni lokuphepha kokudla, okusho ukuthi ingaphakathi kufanele likwazi ukuhlanzwa, uthuli kufanele luvalelwe, futhi irekhodi lamakhemikhali anoma yiluphi ugqinsi lokumboza kufanele libe khona efayeleni. Amaqembu ahlola ama-silo okugcina okusanhlamvu e-FDA kanye nokuhambisana nezinga lokudla kokugcinwa kwezitshalo okuphephile ngokuvamile azama ukwanelisa ukuhlolwa kwamakhasimende kanye nomphathi wokusanhlamvu ngasikhathi sinye. Ubunjiniyela obanelisa kokubili abuyona into eyinqaba njengoba kuzwakala: ingaphakathi elibushelelezi elikwazi ukuhlanzwa, indlela yomhwamuko elawulwayo, kanye nomphetho ovaliwe. Lapho ama-silo okugcina okusanhlamvu e-FDA nokuhambisana nezinga lokudla kokugcinwa kwezitshalo okuphephile kuhlolwa, ubunjiniyela buhlolwa njengezinto ezintathu kuphela: ukuqedwa kwendawo, ukufakwa kukaphawu womphetho kanye nendlela yothuli.
Ubuso bangaphakathi kanye nobufakazi bokuthintana nokudla
Ukuthintana nokudla kumayelana nokuhlanzeka, hhayi ngelebula. Izici ezibalulekile ukuthi indawo engaphezulu iqhubekile futhi ayinazimbobo, ngeke imunce umswakama noma igcine izinsalela emithanjeni nasemihlanganyelweni, futhi ingagezwa ngezihlanzi ezisetshenziswa embonini yokucubungula okusanhlamvu. Ingaphakathi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi lishiswa ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C ukuze i-enamel incibilikele epaneleni lensimbi, okunikeza ungqimba lwe-enamel olungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm olukalwa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² nokukhwahla kwendawo engaphansi kwe-Ra 0.8 µm. Azikho izikhala emkhawulweni wokumboza ezingabamba uthuli lokusanhlamvu, futhi azikho izimbobo zomoya ezingagcina izinsalela. Eziitshalweni lokhu kuyimpikiswano engokoqobo yokuthi i-enamel ingcono kunegobolondo elipendwe noma elifakwe i-epoxy.
Ubufakazi bokuhambisana kufanele bube engxoxweni efanayo. Iphakethe lokugunyazwa komkhiqizo lihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS yokuthintana namanzi okuphuza, i-FDA ne-LFGB yokuthintana nokudla, i-CE kuya ku-EN 1090 ne-ISO 28765 yomsebenzi waseYurophu, kanye nohlelo lwekhwalithi yokukhiqiza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001. Esilweni sokugcina okusanhlamvu, izimemezelo zezinto ze-FDA ne-LFGB, uhlelo lokushiswa kwe-enamel kanye nerekhodi lokuhlolwa kwe-spark ngepaneli ngalinye ku-1500 V DC yizona zincwadi eziphendula umbuzo womcwaningi mayelana nokuthi yini engaphakathi emkhunjini.
Ukujiya, isikhunta kanye nomzila womhwamuko
Ingxenye enkulu yomonakalo wokusanhlamvu inkinga yomswakama, ngakho uphahla luyingxenye ebalulekile. Ukusanhlamvu kufika kufudumele ngemva kokomiswa bese kuphola esilweni, futhi amanzi ashiya ukusanhlamvu ahlangana endaweni ebanda kakhulu engaphakathi, ngokuvamile uphahla. Uma lawo manzi econsa esitweni, ungqimba oluphezulu lokusanhlamvu lubola futhi izinhlamvu zesikhunta zisakazeka kuyo yonke inqwaba. Isixazululo indlela yomhwamuko eklanyelwe: uphahla oluvalekile, amathambeka angaphakathi ukuze amanzi ahlangana aye emseleni esikhundleni sokuwela inqwaba, isiphephetha esilinganiswe nomoya wokomisa kanye nokugcwala okususwayo, futhi ezindaweni ezinomswakama ukunikezwa komoya ohlanzekile noma osuswe umswakama endaweni ephezulu.
Umthombo wesibili womswakama umoya wangaphandle ongena ngesikhathi sokwehlisa. Lapho isilo siphela, umthamo kufanele ugcwaliswe umoya, futhi ebusika lowo moya uyabanda futhi ufaka umswakama. Isikhala sokungenisa umoya esisezingeni lamehlo noma esiphezulu esine-damper, noma iyunithi encane yokungenisa umoya, kufanele sikhokhelwe esilweni esikhishwa ngokushesha. Noma ngabe iluphi uhlelo, ungalinganisi isikhala sokungenisa umoya ngezinga lokugcwalisa kuphela; silinganisele ukushintshana komoya kokwehlisa, okuyisimo esikhiqiza umoya obandayo ogobhozayo phezu kwendawo yokusanhlamvu.
Isimo sophahla, umugqa wonqenqema kanye nokuqoqwa kothuli
Umgogodla kufanele ungavumeli uthuli futhi ukwazi ukuvalwa kabusha. Esilweni esiboshiwe, i-flange yophahla iboshelwa endandatho ephezulu yogobolondo nge-EPDM gasket kanye namabhawodi ezinga le-8.8 azungeze umjikelezo, kanye nekhava yangaphakathi yomgogodla eqhubekayo ukuze uthuli lungakwazi ukungena emhlanganisweni. Isimo sophahla ngokuvamile i-aluminium geodesic dome ebhekiselwa ku-AWWA D108 noma API 650, nomthwalo womoya neqhwa uthathwa ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10 yesizinda, noma uphahla lwamapulangwe aboshiwe anohlaka lapho kwadingeka khona indawo yokuhamba. I-cone engajulile ishibhile kodwa idinga umthambeka oqondile ukuze ikhiphe iqhwa.
Uthuli lwembewu akulona ukukhishwa okuncane. Uhlelo lokuqoqa uthuli ludonsa umfutho ongemuhle ezindaweni zokulayisha nokwehlisa, futhi isivalo sophahla, indawo yokugcwalisa kanye ne-vent konke kukhona kuleso sixhumanisi. Gcina umsele we-gasket ngaphandle kwendlela yothuli, gcina i-gasket yesivalo ishintsheka ngaphandle kokusika uphahla, futhi ubeke indawo yokukhipha uthuli kude nendawo lapho umfula wembewu ungena khona, okuyindawo lapho ukukhipha uthuli kuqoqa khona uthuli bese luwela ngqo emuva enqwabeni.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Umgqa wangaphakathi | 0.25–0.45 mm i-enamel, ishiswe ku-820–930 °C | Ra < 0.8 µm, ayinazimbobo, iyahlanzeka |
Amandla wengqimba ye-enamel | ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² | Ukumelana nokugoba nokucindezela |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Ngephaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Isitifiketi sokuthintana nokudla | FDA, LFGB | Izincazelo zempahla zifakiwe efayeleni |
Umugqa wokuhlanganisa unqenqema | I-EPDM gasket, amabhawodi ezinga 8.8 | Ayingeni uthuli, iyavuleka futhi ivaleke |
Isimo sophahla | idome ye-aluminium AWWA D108 / API 650 | Umoya neqhwa ngokwe-ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 |
Inketho yaphansi | ingaphansi eliyisicaba noma ingaphansi eliyi-hopper | Izinga lensalela kanye nokushintshana kwendawo yekhanda |
Ububanzi bephaneli namabhawudi | Amaphaneli angu-~1.2 m, amabhawudi ezinga le-8.8 | Ukuhlanganiswa okubhawudiwe, kulungele ukunwetshwa |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | Iminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu | Insizakalo yokugcina izitshalo emkhathini |
Isakhiwo sangaphansi kanye nomthamo
Umbila unesilinganiso sokuminyana okungaba ngu-720 kg/m³, futhi isilo sambila ngokuvamile silinganiswa ngamathani ngaphambi kokuba silinganiswe ngamamitha ayikhubikhi. Isisekelo esiyisicaba esinomgudu womoya noma wesikulufu sinikeza izinga eliphansi kakhulu lensalela yambila ogelezayo futhi sibe yisisekelo esilula ukushanela; isisekelo sehopper noma sefunnel sinikeza ukuphuma okuphelele futhi sivumelana nenqubo okufanele ikhiphe isilo sonke, kodwa sidinga i-engeli yodonga olunyukayo kanye nesikhala esengeziwe esingenhla. Ukujiya kodonga esilweni kuyehla njengoba ukuphakama kukhula, ngoba ingcindezi engaphansi yiyona okufanele isakhiwo siyithwale, ngakho-ke uhlelo lwamaphaneli aboshiwe olushintsha ukujiya kwepuleti phezulu kwegobolondo luvamile.
Amaphuzu amabili okusebenza avala umklamo. Gcina udonga luqinile ngokwanele ukuthi okusanhlamvu kugeleza kunokuba kwakhe amabhuloho, futhi gcina umgwaqo wokuhlola usezingeni lapho ithimba lingakwazi ukuhlola ukufunga, isikhunta kanye nomsebenzi wezinambuzane ngaphandle kokugibela inqwaba. Lezi zinto ezimbili zinquma ukuthi isilo sivikela isivuno noma simane sisigcine.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lokugcina elishiseliwe elinobubanzi obukhulu, amayunithi amabili | Beijing, China | Ithangi lensimbi elishiseliwe | 9,682 m³ | ukuhlinzeka, φ16.23 × 23.4 m × 2 |
Ithangi lamanzi aphuzwayo elikhulu eliyindilinga | Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa, ukuhlanganiswa kobubanzi obukhulu |
Ithangi lamanzi omlilo, amayunithi amabili | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 8,930 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa, φ19.87 × 14.4 m × 2 |
Emaphrojekhini akulesi sigaba sesevisi, i-Center Enamel ihlinzeka ngamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi afanayo okugcinwa kwawo uketshezi kamasipala nezimboni, futhi ubukhulu bawo buqinisekiswa yincazelo yephrojekthi.
Center Enamel Engineering Capability
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isisekelo samatanki okugcina amanzi ahlanganiswe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamatanki e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamatanki ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amatanki angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, i-AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ekugcinweni kwezinhlamvu lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwegobolondo elikhulu elinobubanzi obukhulu eline-enamela, ukukhethwa kwesimo sophahla kuya esimweni somthwalo wendawo, imininingwane yomphetho ongavumeli uthuli, kanye nefayela lesimemezelo le-FDA ne-LFGB elicelwa ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kokudla.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe isilo sezinhlamvu sidinga izindawo zangaphakathi ezihambisana ne-FDA?
Impendulo 1: Uma isitshalo esigciniwe sisebenziselwa ukudliwa ngabantu, yebo. Isidingo siyahlangatshezwa ngendawo ehlanzekayo eqhubekayo engenazo izinto ezimunca noma eziphukayo ngaphakathi, esekelwa izimemezelo zezinto ze-FDA ne-LFGB kanye nerekhodi lokushiswa kwe-enamela nokuhlolwa.
Umbuzo 2: Kungani indawo ye-enamela ithandwa kunensimbi ependiwe ngaphakathi kwisilo sezinhlamvu?
Impendulo 2: Ngoba akukho ndawo yokuhlanganisa impahla engabamba uthuli noma ehluleke futhi iphukele esitshalweni, futhi ngoba indawo ye-enamela ehlanganisiwe engaphansi kuka-Ra 0.8 µm igezwa kalula.
Umbuzo 3: Ngingayeka kanjani ukujiya komswakama okonakalisa izinhlamvu?
A3: Vala uphahla, uhambise indlela yomhwamuko ngamabomu nge-vent enosayizi ofanele, tsheka izindawo zangaphakathi ukuze i-condensate ifinyelele idreyini, futhi ucabangele umoya wokungenisa ohlanjululwe womswakama wamasilo asha ngokushesha ebusika.
Q4: Ingaphansi eliyisicaba noma ingaphansi eliyi-hopper lokho okusanhlamvu?
A4: Flat bottom with an aerodynamic or screw outlet for the lowest residual and easy sweeping; hopper bottom where a complete discharge matters more and the headroom and wall angle can be given.
Q5: Iyiphi indlela yophahla elungile?
A5: Idome le-geodesic le-aluminium lesilo esikhulu esibhawudiwe esiyingi, elakhelwe i-AWWA D108 noma i-API 650 ngomoya neqhwa ngokwe-ADM 2015 ne-ASCE 7-10. Uphahla lwamapuleti abhawudiwe anohlaka lulungele amasilo amancane adinga indlela yokuhamba.
Umbuzo 6: Ingabe uthuli lwembewu luphuma kuphi?
Impendulo 6: Emaphethelweni, embobeni yophahla kanye endaweni yokugcwalisa noma yokukhipha. Isembozo kufanele sivalwe ngaphansi komfutho omubi womqoqi wothuli, kanti indawo yokukhipha ibekwe kude nomfula wembewu.
Umbuzo 7: Ingabe umthamo usetwa kanjani esitshalweni?
Impendulo 7: Kusuka esisindweni sobukhulu kanye nokuminyana kwembewu, cishe u-720 kg/m³ kummbila, bese kuguqulwa kube umthamo wokugcina ngesikhala esengeziwe sokukhululeka ngaphezu kwezinga eliphezulu lokugcwalisa.
Ama-silo okugcina okusanhlamvu e-FDA anokuhambisana nezinga lokudla kuncike engaphakathi elihlanzekayo, indlela yomhwamuko eklanywe, kanye nomphetho ovimbela uthuli futhi ovulekayo futhi. Ingaphezulu le-enamel elihlangene elishiswe ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C eline-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm kanye nerekhodi lokuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V ngephaneli ngayinye yikho okwamukelwa yibo bobabili umcwaningi kanye nomphathi wokusanhlamvu; ukulinganisa kwe-vent kanye nemininingwane yomphetho yikho okuvikela isivuno. Khetha i-geometry engezansi kusukela ezingeni lensalela ongaphila nalo, futhi gcina uphahla luvuleka ngaphandle kokusika insimbi. Thumela uhlobo lwesivuno, amathani, umswakama kanye nesimo sezulu sendawo ku-engineering desk futhi ububanzi be-silo, uhlobo lophahla kanye nephakethe lamadokhumenti kuzobuya.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela idatha yezinhlamvu zokubuyekezwa kwesilo: uhlobo lwesitshalo kanye nokuminyana kwesiqukathi, ithani lokugcina kanye nokuphakama kokugcwaliswa komklamo, umswakama ongenayo kanye nomoya wokomisa, isikhathi sokugcina esilindelekile, indlela yokukhipha, uhlelo lokulawula izinambuzane kanye nesikhunta, uhlaka lokuphepha kokudla obika kulo, kanye nezimo zomoya neqhwa zesizinda. Sizobuyisela ububanzi nokuphakama kwesilo, ijiyometri yaphansi, uhlobo lwophahla nereferensi yalo yokuklama, ukuhlelwa komoya wokukhipha umoya kanye nokuqoqa uthuli, inketho yokufaka ngaphakathi, kanye nephakethe eliphelele ledokhumenti yethenda. Ubunjiniyela kuqala, akunasibopho.
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