Izigcina-Biogas Ezingozini Ezimbili Zezitshalo Ze-Biogas
Kwadalwa ngo 09.02
Izibambi ze-Biogas ezinolwelwesi olukabili zezitshalo ze-Biogas
I-double membrane biogas holder iyisihluthulelo segesi esinezingcindezi ephansi hhayi isitsha segesi. I-membrane yangaphakathi ibamba i-biogas cishe ku-2 kuya ku-3 kPa futhi yakhe umngcele wegesi, kuyilapho i-membrane yangaphandle ithwala umthwalo womoya, iqhwa nemvula ukuze igesi ingalokothi ibone leyo mithwalo. Isikhala esiphakathi kwama-membrane sikhishwa umoya noma sifakwe ingcindezi encane ukuze zombili izingqimba zihlale zizinzile, futhi lonke uhlelo lubanjwa ngaphakathi kwebhendi engu-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa nge-valve yokukhipha ingcindezi kanye ne-flame arrester ku-roof manifold. Ngenxa yokuthi i-envelope iyagoba esikhundleni sokucindezela, ihambisana kangcono ne-digester e-bolted glass-fused-to-steel kune-dome eqinile.
Amapulazi e-biogas anenkinga yokuhlinzeka ngegesi ebukeka ingafani neyombhida wegesi wasembonini yokucwenga. Ukukhiqizwa kulandela ukusabela kokugaya, okusho ukuthi kulandela izinga lokushisa nokulayisha, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kulandela ijika lomsebenzi webhoyila noma wenjini, okungenjalo. Ngaphandle kwesigcinalwazi i-valve yokukhulula iyavuleka futhi ushise igesi oyikhokhele ukuyikhiqiza, noma ingcindezi yehla futhi umoya ungene esitsheni okufanele sihlale singenawo umoya-mpilo. Isigcinalwazi se-biogas esinamembrane amabili sixazulula lokhu ngezindleko ezincane kakhulu kunezindleko zesitsha sokugcina igesi, futhi emapulazini asebenzisa ukwelashwa kwe-anaerobic emanzini angcolile ezimbonini ngokuvamile iyimpendulo esebenzayo. Ubunjiniyela obenza kusebenze akusiyo i-membrane ngokwayo, ukulawulwa kwengcindezi kanye nokuxhumana nophahla lwe-digester.
Izilwelwesi ezimbili, izimo zomthwalo ezimbili
Inani le-membrane ephindwe kabili ukuhlukaniswa komthwalo. I-membrane yangaphakathi iyindawo yomngcele wegesi: igcina i-biogas ku-nominal 2 kuya ku-3 kPa, ngakho-ke ingcindezi i-digester esebenza ngayo ihlala ebangeni le-kilopascal. I-membrane yangaphandle ihlezi phezu kwayo futhi ithatha umoya ophakamayo, iqhwa nemvula, okusho ukuthi isikhala segesi asivezwa ngaphandle kwesimo sezulu futhi ungqimba lwangaphakathi alupompiwe noma lushaywe imimoya. Isikhala phakathi kwazo sivulekile ku-vent stack noma sifuthwe kancane nge-blower encane; inguqulo ene-vent ivamile kuma-tank okugaya ngoba igcina isikhala sise-atmosphere futhi isusa noma yiliphi ithuba lokuqoqa igesi emgodini, kuyilapho inguqulo enengcindezi inikeza isimo esihlanzekile emaphethelweni ethangi ezindaweni ezinomkhawulo wokuphakama.
Ibhendi yengcindezi iyisicaciso. Ukusebenzisa uhlelo ngaphakathi kuka-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa nge-valve yokukhipha ingcindezi ebekwe eduze komkhawulo ophezulu kanye nesihlukanisi se-vacuum ohlangothini oluphansi kusho ukuthi isembozo sihamba kancane njengoba umthamo wegesi ushintshashintsha, esikhundleni sokufaka ingcindezi egobolondweni noma ukuphakamisa i-gasket yeflange. Lesi yisizathu sonke sokuthi isibambi esiguquguqukayo kanye nodonga lwe-enamel oluboshiwe kuhlangane ndawonye: zombili zenzelwe umkhumbi we-atmospheric onomehluko omncane wengcindezi.
Lapho isibambi sihlezi khona ku-gas train
I-roof manifold iyingxenye ebalulekile. Igesi liphuma ku-digester ngomlomo okufanele uhlanganise isivimbeli somlilo kanye ne-valve yokukhipha umfutho kuxhumo olulodwa, ukuze isishisi esivalekile noma injini emile ingabi yisigameko sokucindezela ngokweqile ethangini. Ukusuka lapho igesi iya esigabeni sokukhipha isulfure, lapho ukufakwa kwe-ferric chloride noma ibhokisi lokukhipha isulfure elomile kususa i-hydrogen sulfide, bese iya kubhoyila, injini noma i-flare. Isiqukathi ngokwaso akusona isisetshenziswa sokuhlanza igesi; siyisivikelo esigcina umfutho uzolile ukuze imishini yokuhlanza nokushisa ibone ukugeleza okulindelekile.
Ukulinganisa isigcino kuqala kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwephezulu kwegesi ngehora kususa isidingo esincane se-burner noma se-injini, kuphindwe ngesikhathi ofuna ukusihlanganisa. Uma isigcino sisincane kakhulu i-membrane izogcina iphansi noma iphakama njalo, futhi uma sikhulu kakhulu ukhokhele umthamo ongawusebenzisi. I-note emfushane nge-chemistry: i-enamel lining ye-digester ibekezelela i-sulfide kulo lonke uhla lwayo lwe-pH, ngakho umgqomo awuyona into evimbelayo, kodwa imishini engaphansi idinga i-desulfurisation elinganiswe kusukela kumthwalo ophezulu wokudla.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwethangi ku-digester ye-enamel eboshiwe
Umngcele yilapho isibambi, igobolondo kanye nenqubo kuhlangana khona. Ku-digester yengilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi, amaphaneli angaba ngu-1.2 m ububanzi ashiswa ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, athwala ungqimba lwe-enamel olungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm olukalwa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², futhi ahlanganiswa ngamabhawodi ebanga lika-8.8 kanye nama-gasket e-EPDM. I-flange yophahla lwegobolondo eliboshiwe iyindawo yokubambelela kwe-membrane, ngakho-ke kufanele ichazwe ngemininingwane enezinto ezifana ne-nozzle yokuphuma kwegesi, ukuvikelwa kokukhululwa nokungenisa umoya, imbobo ye-pressure transmitter enikeza i-alamu ye-SCADA, isikhala sokungenisa umoya, kanye nesicabha sokungena esiphephile. I-enamel ihlanganisa ububanzi be-pH kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-14, okusiza lapho ukudla kuwukugeleza kwezimboni okungashintsha i-pH.
Ngokokusebenza, isitshalo sifuna inqubo elula: qaphela ukuthambekela kwengcindezi, gcina i-set point ye-valve yokukhulula iqinisekisiwe ekuvalweni kwaminyaka yonke, hlola indawo yesikhumba kanye nezibopho zeflange ekuvalweni okufanayo, futhi ugcine indawo yokuphefumula phakathi kwazo icacile phakathi nobusika. Ngenxa yokuthi isibambi sivumelana nezimo, inkinga ekhulayo ibonakala ngokuhamba kancane kwengcindezi ngaphambi kokuba ibe yiphunga noma umcimbi wokuqhuma.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Ingcindezi yesikhumba sangaphakathi | ~2–3 kPa okujwayelekile | Umngcele wegesi we-biogas |
Ibhendi yengcindezi yokusebenza | ±3–5 kPa | Kugcinwe i-valve yokukhipha ingcindezi nesihlukanisi se-vacuum |
Ulwelwesi lwangaphandle | isendlalelo sesimo sezulu | Umthwalo womoya neqhwa, i-ADM 2015 / i-ASCE 7-10 |
Isikhala esiphakathi | okuvulekile noma okucindezelwe kancane | Kugcina womabili ama-membrane ezinzile |
Amadivaysi okuzivikela | i-valve yokukhulula ingcindezi, i-flame arrester | Ku-manifold yegesi yophahla |
Ukusebenza kwesididiyeli | i-mesophilic 35–38 °C | I-HRT evamile yezinsuku ezingama-20–30 |
Umkhiqizo wegesi ovamile | 0.5–0.6 m³ biogas/kg VS esusiwe | Inkomba yodaka lukamasipala |
Ukufakwa kwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm, kushiswe ku-820–930 °C | Uvivinyo lwenhlansi lwe-1500 V DC ngephaneli ngayinye |
Ikilasi lomkhumbi | umkhathi / ingcindezi ephansi | Akulona umngcele womkhumbi wengcindezi |
Amanothi asebenzayo nge-oda yemboni ye-biogas
Uma ubhala isicaciso, lungisa izinto ezintathu ngokusobala. Okokuqala, ibhendi yengcindezi kanye nephoyinti lokukhulula, kushiwo njengezinombolo ezine-tolerance, ukuze umhlinzeki angakwazi ukuletha isembozo esidinga u-8 kPa ukuze sisebenze. Okwesibili, uhlu lwezixhumi zophahla, kufaka phakathi indawo yesivimbeli somlilo nokuthi ingaphakathi noma ingaphandle kwe-envelope, ukubekwa kwethuluzi lengcindezi, kanye nomzila wokungena wokuhlola ulwelwesi. Okwesithathu, ukungena kokulungisa: uphahla lolwelwesi luyahlolwa kodwa aluhambeki, ngakho i-hatch kanye nendlela yomphetho kufanele kube kumdwebo.
Izindleko ngokuvamile zingcono kune-dome eqinile yensimbi noma yekhonkolo ngenani elifanayo legesi, futhi ukufakwa kulula kakhulu ngoba akukho phahla elinzima eliqinile okufanele lisetshenziswe nge-crane futhi akukho ukushisela endle kugobolondo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isibambi esiguquguqukayo sinempilo ye-membrane elinganiselwe futhi sidinga ukushintshwa okuhleliwe, kuyilapho i-dome eqinile iyimpahla ehlala isikhathi eside kodwa enobubanzi besakhiwo esinzima kakhulu. Ezitshalweni lapho i-digester iyithangi eliboshiwe, inketho eguquguqukayo ngokuvamile iyona ehambisana nezinga lengcindezi yegobolondo.
Icala Leprojekthi
Iprojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Uhlelo lokwelashwa kwe-anaerobic, amanzi angcolile okucubungula amasoya | I-Hebei, eShayina | Ama-digester e-GFS anesembozo sophahla olungavuzi igesi | okukhethekile kwiprojekthi | Ukunikezwa kwengxenye ye-anaerobic ye-EPC + ukugadwa |
Indawo yokugcina amanzi angcolile asebhulawini | I-Sichuan, eShayina | Ithangi le-GFS | 14,655 m³ | ukuhlinzeka, ukugcinwa kwamanzi angcolile |
Uhlelo lwethangi lezimboni zamanzi angcolile, amayunithi angama-27 | Xinjiang, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 30,469 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugada |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ezitshalweni ze-biogas lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwakhiwa kwesibambi se-membrane ephindwe kabili, i-manifold yophahla ene-valve yokukhulula kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-flame arrester, kanye negobolondo le-enamel digester eliboshiwe okuboshelwa kulo isibambi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesibambi segesi nesembozo se-membrane ephindwe kabili?
Impendulo 1: Isibambi esivamile siyisitsha noma isakhiwo esiqinile esigcina igesi ngengcindezi ephezulu. Isibambi se-membrane ephindwe kabili siyaguquguquka futhi sigcina igesi ku-2 kuya ku-3 kPa ngokwejwayelekile ngaphakathi kwebhendi engu-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa, ngakho-ke silungele igobolondo le-digester elisemkhathini.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe isibambi se-biogas singengezwa ethangini elikhona?
A2: Kaningi yebo, uma umugqa womlomo ungakwazi ukuthwala isibopho solwelwesi futhi ukuhlelwa kombhobho wokukhipha kungabuyekezwa. Thumela imidwebo ekhona kanye nengcindezi yegesi evunyelwe futhi ukubuyekezwa kokusebenza kabusha kubuya ngokushesha.
Q3: Ngilinganisa kanjani umthamo wesibambi?
A3: Thatha umkhiqizo wegesi wehora eliphakeme, susa isidingo esincane sesishisi noma senjini, bese uphindaphinda ngesikhathi sokubamba osidingayo. Umphumela uyisikhala segesi okufanele sihlanganiswe yisembozo solwelwesi.
Q4: Ingabe i-flame arrester iyadingeka?
A4: Yebo njengomthetho, kumanifoldi wokuphuma kwegesi wesididiyeli esihambisa i-biogas kuma-burner noma ezinjinini, kanye ne-valve yokukhulula ingcindezi kanye ne-vacuum breaker. Cela umphakeli ukuthi abonise ukuhlelwa kwe-manifold.
Q5: Ingabe ulwelwesi lumelana ne-hydrogen sulfide?
A5: I-envelope ingaphandle komngcele wegesi wengqimba yangaphandle futhi i-membrane yangaphakathi ikhethelwe umsebenzi we-biogas, kuyilapho uphahla lwe-enamel lwe-digester lubekezelela i-sulfide kulo lonke uhla lwayo lwe-pH. Ukususwa kwe-sulfur kusadingeka emishinini esebenza ngemuva.
Q6: Yisiphi isikhathi sokuhlola nokushintsha?
A6: Ukuhlolwa ngokubona ngesikhathi sokuvalwa komsebenzi, ukuhlolwa kwe-flange anchor nendawo minyaka yonke, kanye nokushintshwa kwe-membrane ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokusebenza kwayo, okufanele umhlinzeki akubeke njengenombolo esiphakamisweni.
Q7: Ingabe isembozo sidinga isisekelo esikhethekile?
A7: Isibambi ngokwaso silula, kodwa igobolondo le-digester elihlala kulo alilula: i-ring beam noma isisekelo sikakhonkolo esilawulwa ukuhlala kwalo kuhlala kuyinto ebalulekile, njengoba kunjalo kunoma yiliphi ithangi eliboshiwe.
I-double membrane biogas holder iyindlela eshibhile futhi ethembekile yokugcina umfutho wegesi we-digester endaweni elawulwayo nokuvimbela isitshalo ekutheni sishise noma sidonse umoya. Ukwehlukanisa umthwalo wesimo sezulu kumthwalo wegesi yilowo umqondo wokuklama, futhi ibhendi engu-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa ene-relief valve, i-vacuum breaker kanye ne-flame arrester iyona eyenza iphephe ku-shell yomoya. Uma kuhlanganiswa nodonga lwe-digester olune-fused enamel olushiswe ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C futhi lwahlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V, lokhu kuhlanganiswa kubhekana ne-sulfide kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-pH ngaphandle kokuguqula ithangi libe umngcele wengcindezi. Uma uhlela isitshalo se-biogas noma ulungisa i-digester, thumela iphrofayili yokukhiqizwa kwegesi, isidingo se-burner, ububanzi be-digester kanye nedatha yomoya neqhwa yendawo, futhi ukuhlelwa kwe-holder kanye nosayizi wethangi kuzobuya nephekheji yemibhalo.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela idatha yesitshalo sakho se-biogas: uhlobo lokudla kanye nokugeleza, umthamo we-digester kanye nezinga lokushisa lokusebenza, umthamo we-biogas olindelekile ngehora nangosuku, ukusetshenziswa kwegesi ekugcineni kanye nesidingo saso esincane esizinzile, izinga le-hydrogen sulfide, imidwebo yamathangi akhona uma ikhona, kanye nezimo zomoya, iqhwa kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba endaweni. Sizobuyisela ukuhlelwa kwesibambi, ibhendi yengcindezi kanye nezilungiselelo zokukhulula, ukuhlelwa kwe-roof manifold, ububanzi nokuphakama kwe-digester, kanye nephakethe eliphelele ledokhumenti yethenda. Ukubuyekezwa kobunjiniyela kuqala, futhi akukho lutho oluthengiswayo kuze kube yilapho usukhululekile ngomklamo.
WhatsApp