Imingcele Ebalulekile Yokuklanywa Kwethangi Lokugaya Lemikhumbi Yokugaya I-Anaerobic
Kwadalwa ngo 09.02
Amapharamitha Abalulekile Okuklanywa Kwethangi Lokugaya Emikhunjini Yokugaya I-Anaerobic
Idizayini yethangi lokugaya iqala ngevolumu esetshenzisekayo, hhayi ngobubanzi bethangi. Ivolumu esetshenzisekayo ilingana nevolumu yokudla yansuku zonke ephindwe ngesikhathi esidingekayo sokugcinwa kwamanzi, kulungiswe ngevolumu efile ngaphansi komgqomo wangaphansi kanye nebhentshi lamagwebu nesihlabathi phezulu. Ekugayeni kwe-mesophilic ku-35 kuya ku-38 °C isikhathi sokugcinwa ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingama-20 kuya kwezingama-30, kanti isivuno se-biogas sicishe sibe ngu-0.5 kuya ku-0.6 m³ ngekhilogram ngayinye yezinto eziqinile eziguqukayo ezisusiwe odakeni lukamasipala. Isitsha kumele sibe nomngcele ongavuzi umoya ku-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa kuphela, ngoba i-digester ye-anaerobic iyisitoreji somoya esingaphansi komfutho ophansi, hhayi isishisi somfutho.
Iningi lamaphrojekthi e-anaerobic digestion aqala ngomdwebo wethangi bese ehlehlela emuva enkambisweni, okuyiyona ndlela okugcina ngayo umkhumbi ophethe umthamo ofanele kodwa ongakwazi ukugcina isikhathi sokugcinwa esidingwa yibhayoloji. Igebe eliphakathi komthamo wejiyometriki nomthamo wokusebenza yilapho ukusebenza kunyamalala khona buthule: ikhoni elingezansi eligcina udaka ongakwazi ukulukhipha, isikhala esiphezulu esithathwe yizinhlaka, ipayipi lokudla elinqamulela amanzi angenayo ngqo aye endaweni yokuphuma. Lapho onjiniyela bebukeza amapharamitha abalulekile omklamo wethangi le-digester lamakhumbi e-anaerobic digestion, umbuzo wokuqala awusoze waba ububanzi. Kungukuthi yiliphi ingxenye yomthamo amagciwane ewabonayo ngempela. Le ndatshana ihamba uhlu lwamapharamitha ngokulandelana okubalulekile.
Umthamo wokusebenza kanye nesikhathi sokugcinwa kwamanzi
Isikhathi sokugcinwa siyingxenye yevolumu ehlukaniswa nge-flow, futhi ivolumu ewusizo kuphela ebaliwe. Isibalo sokuklama silula: isikhathi sokugcinwa kwe-hydraulic silingana nevolumu ewusizo yoketshezi ehlukaniswa ngevolumu yokudla yansuku zonke. Ivolumu ewusizo iyivolumu yethangi kususwa udaka oluhlala unomphela ku-hopper engezansi, kususwa ungqimba lwe-scum olungaphezulu, kususwa noma iyiphi indawo efile ngemuva kwama-baffle noma ama-deflector okungena. Ekugayeni kwe-mesophilic ibanga elisebenzayo lingezinsuku ezingama-20 kuye kwezingama-30; uma okuqukethwe okuqinile kuphezulu, i-biology efanayo ingacindezelwa cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-15 kuye kwezingama-20, kodwa umthwalo wokulawula i-scum uyakhula. Uma ukuklama kwakho kudinga izinsuku ezingama-25 ku-2,000 m³ ngosuku, ivolumu ewusizo kufanele ibe cishe ku-50,000 m³ kunokuba ibe yivolumu yethangi elivamile, okushintsha ngokushesha ububanzi nokuphakama.
Kulandela ukuhlolwa okubili okusebenzayo kulokhu. Okokuqala, indawo yokungena nendawo yokuphuma akumele kube sezingeni elifanayo noma ukugeleza kuzohamba ngomgudu; ukuhlelwa okuvamile kuyindawo yokudla ohlangothini olulodwa kanye nendawo ehlanzekile enodonga ohlangothini oluphambene. Okwesibili, ukuxuba kuyingxenye yokubalwa komthamo, hhayi into esetshenziswayo. Ngaphandle kokuxuba i-digester ithuthukisa ungqimba lwe-scum oluntantayo kanye nebhentshi lesihlabathi, kokubili okunciphisa umthamo osebenzayo ngaphansi kwesibalo segama.
Izinga lokushisa, ukulayisha, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwegesi
Ikilasi lokushisa linquma kokubili isikhathi sokugcinwa kanye nezinga legesi. Ukusebenza kwe-mesophilic ku-35 kuya ku-38 °C kuyindlela ejwayelekile yodaka lukamasipala kanye noluningi lwezimboni ngoba luyabekezelela ukushaqeka kokulayisha. Ukusebenza kwe-thermophilic ku-50 kuya ku-55 °C kunikeza i-kinetics esheshayo kanye nokubulala amagciwane okungcono kodwa kudinga ukulawulwa kokushisa okuqinile kanye nokuphathwa kwe-ammonia ngokucophelela okwengeziwe. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo igesi ekhiqizwayo ihambisana nokulayishwa kwezinto eziphilayo, lapho udaka lukamasipala olujwayelekile lunikeza cishe u-0.5 kuya ku-0.6 m³ we-biogas ngekhilogramu yezinto eziqinile ezishisiwe, kanti amanzi angcolile ezimboni anamandla aphansi anikeza inani elincane kakhulu nge-cubic metre yokudla. Ukulinganisa izinga langempela legesi kusuka ku-COD noma ekulayishweni kwe-VS yomfula wakho siqu kubaluleke kakhulu kunokucaphuna inombolo yesilinganiso, ngoba isembozo, i-valve yokukhulula kanye ne-gas train konke kukalwa kusuka phezulu, hhayi isilinganiso.
I-hydrogen sulfide egasini elikhiqizwayo ilandela i-sulfate kanye ne-protein content yokudla. I-enamel lining yesitsha se-glass-fused-to-steel ibekezelela i-sulfide kahle kulo lonke uhla lwe-pH yayo, kodwa i-boiler yangemuva, injini kanye nokulawula iphunga kusadinga ukususwa kwe-sulfur, ngokuvamile ukufakwa kwe-ferric chloride noma ibhokisi lokususa i-sulfur elomile.
Uhlobo lwesitsha: igobolondo le-enamel eliboshiwe kanye nophahla lwengcindezi ephansi
I-digester ye-anaerobic iyisitsha sokugcina esisebenza ngengcindezi yegesi engamakhilopascal. Lelo qiniso elilodwa linquma isakhiwo. Ithangi lensimbi elishiselwe noma likakhonkolo elinedome eliqinile lithwala yonke ingcindezi yangaphakathi liyise egobolondweni nasekubambeni, kanti isitsha sensimbi esihlanganiswe ngezibophezelo ezine-glass-fused-to-steel esinophahla oluguquguqukayo lwama-membrane amabili sigcina igesi cishe ku-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa futhi sivumele isembozo sithambe esikhundleni sokucindezelwa. Amaphaneli e-GFS ashiselwa ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C ngongqimba lwe-enamel olungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm olukalwa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², futhi ahlolwa nge-spark nge-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. I-enamel ihlanganisa ububanzi be-pH kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-14, okukhusela isitsha ekuhlaselweni yi-pH okulandela ukushaqeka okunobuthi noma iqoqo lokudla kwezimboni. Amaphaneli acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi ahlanganiswa ngamabhawodi e-8.8-grade nama-gaskets e-EPDM, futhi umphetho wophahla yiwo umhlanganiso okufanele uchazwe kahle ngoba uthwala umgudu wokuphuma kwegesi, i-valve yokukhulula, isicishamlilo kanye namathuluzi okulinganisa.
Isitatimende somngcele wengcindezi siyingxenye yethenda: i-digester iyindawo yokugcina ye-atmospheric noma yengcindezi ephansi, futhi umkhumbi awuklanyelwe njengomngcele wengcindezi. Uma inqubo yakho idinga ingcindezi yangempela yokuxuba igesi noma izinga eliphezulu, lelo yikilasi lomkhumbi elihlukile futhi kufanele lithengwe ngokwehlukana namakhodi okuvunyelwene ngawo enkontilekeni.
Imininingwane Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza | i-mesophilic 35–38 °C | I-Thermophilic 50–55 °C enye indlela |
Isikhathi sokugcinwa kwamanzi | Izinsuku ezingama-20–30 nge-mesophilic | Izinsuku ezingama-15–20 nge-solids content ephezulu |
Isivuno segesi esijwayelekile | 0.5–0.6 m³ biogas/kg VS esusiwe | Inkomba yodaka likamasipala |
Ingcindezi yegesi yokusebenza | ±3–5 kPa | Isembozo segesi elingcindezi ephansi, isitsha se-atmospheric |
Ingcindezi emisiwe ye-membrane yangaphakathi | ~2–3 kPa | Ukuhlelwa kophahla lwe-double membrane |
Izinga lokushisa lokushiswa kwe-enamel | 820–930 °C | Ingilazi ehlanganiswe ensimbi yephaneli |
Ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Kulinganiswa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² |
Ukuhlolwa kwe-spark | 1500 V DC | Ngephaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ububanzi bephaneli namabhawodi | Amaphaneli angu-~1.2 m, amabhawodi ezinga 8.8 | Amajoyinti e-flange e-EPDM gasket |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | Iminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu | Insizakalo yokugaya i-atmospheric |
Ukuhlola umklamo ephepheni ngaphambi kokuba insimbi isikwe
Ukuhlolwa kwedizayini okufanele kuhlanganisa amaphuzu ayisishiyagalombili. Qinisekisa ivolumu esebenzayo ngokumelene nesikhathi sokugcina, hhayi ivolumu yepuleti legama. Qinisekisa ukuthi ijiyometri yangaphansi ingakwazi ukukhipha amanzi ngaphandle kokushiya ungqimba olufile oluhlala luthatha ivolumu unomphela. Hlola ukulawulwa kwenkunkuma, ngesistimu yokuxuba noma isikhuhli senkunkuma esingumshini esilinganiswe nekhwelo elilindelekile. Qinisekisa ukuhamba komugqa wegesi kanye nephoyinti lokusethwa kwevalvu yokukhulula ngokumelene nokukhiqiza okuphezulu kususa isidingo esincane segesi. Hlola ukungena komoya kanye nesikhala phakathi kwesembozo, ngoba indawo evalekile yekhanda esimweni sezulu esishisayo ingapheka ulwelwesi. Qinisekisa ukuminyana kwamandla okuxuba kanye nokumboza amakhona afile. Buyekeza i-pH kanye namandla okubhafa kwe-alkalinity kokudla kwakho. Futhi hlola ukufinyeleleka kwemigwaqo yokungena ukuze kuhlolwe kanye namabhawodi e-ankela okuhlala kwesisekelo.
Into yokugcina yilapho amathangi aboshiwe evame ukudlula khona amathangi awo e-welded. Ingxenye ye-anaerobic yesitshalo sokucubungula amanzi angcolile okudla eyethulwa ngalesi sisekelo yahlinzekwa njenge-EPC anaerobic train ephelele, namathangi, ukuphathwa kwegesi kanye nokuxhumana nezigaba zokwelashwa ezilandelayo kwaklanywa njengephakethe elilodwa.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi bomsebenzi |
I-Anaerobic treatment train, amanzi angcolile okucubungula i-soy | I-Hebei, eShayina | Ama-digester e-anaerobic e-GFS | okuhambisana nephrojekthi | Ukunikezwa kwengxenye ye-anaerobic ye-EPC + ukugadwa |
Indawo yokugcina amanzi angcolile asebhulawini | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 14,655 m³ | ukuhlinzeka, ukugcina amanzi angcolile |
Uhlelo lwethangi lezindlela zokungcola zezimboni, amayunithi angama-27 | Xinjiang, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 30,469 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugada |
Amandla Obunjiniyela Be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) e-China, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Kumikhumbi ye-anaerobic digestion lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubalwa kwevolumu yokusebenza, izinga lokushisa le-mesophilic kanye nesikhathi sokugcina, ukuhlanganiswa kwesembozo esingaphansi esingavuzi gesi kanye nokuxhumana ne-three phase separator kanye ne-biogas train.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ngiliguqula kanjani isikhathi sokugcina esidingekayo sibe usayizi wethangi?
Impendulo 1: Phindaphinda ivolumu yokudla yansuku zonke ngesikhathi sokugcina, bese ususa ivolumu efile ye-bottom hopper, isendlalelo se-scum kanye nanoma iyiphi indawo efile ene-baffled. Umphumela yi-volumu esebenzayo, futhi ithangi lejometri yilelo nani kanye nevolumu efile.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe ithangi le-bolted glass-fused-to-steel lamukelekile njenge-digester?
A2: Yebo, ekucindezelweni kwegesi eliphansi i-digester esebenza kukho. Umkhumbi uyisitoreji somoya osesimweni esijwayelekile esinesembozo esiguquguqukayo esibamba igesi ku-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa, futhi i-enamel lining ibhekana ne-sulfide kanye nokushintshashintsha kwe-pH yomfula.
Q3: Yisiphi isikhathi sokugcina okufanele ngisisebenzise ekugayeni i-mesophilic?
A3: Izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili kuya kwamashumi amathathu yisikhathi esijwayelekile se-mesophilic ku-35 kuya ku-38 °C. Ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziqinile ungakwazi ukunciphisa kuye ezinsukwini eziyi-15 kuya kwezi-20, kodwa uzodinga ukulawula okuqinile kwe-scum nokuxuba.
Q4: Ngingasilinganisa kanjani ivolumu ye-biogas ukuze ngilinganise umugqa wegesi?
A4: Thatha i-volatile solids noma umthwalo we-COD wokudla kwakho, sebenzisa isibalo sesivuno esingaba ngu-0.5 kuya ku-0.6 m³ ngekhilogramu ye-volatile solids esusiwe yodaka lomasipala, bese ulinganisa ipayipi, i-valve yokukhulula kanye nesembozo kusukela kumthamo wansuku zonke ophezulu, hhayi isilinganiso.
Q5: Ngabe ngidinga i-coating yangaphakathi ku-digester?
A5: I-fused enamel iyisithiyo sokugqwala, futhi amaphaneli aboshiwe ane-enamel yasefektri futhi ahlolwe nge-spark. Umbuzo we-coating empeleni umayelana nesikhala segesi kanye nama-nozzle, ngakho-ke lezo zindawo zokungena zichazwe ngemininingwane ngomphetho we-enamel ohlanganiswe kabusha.
Q6: Kwenzekani uma igesi ingasetshenziswa?
A6: Ingcindezi inyukela ebhendini yokukhulula kuqala, ngakho-ke isembozo siyaphakama futhi i-valve yokukhulula iyavuleka; i-vacuum breaker ibhekana nesimo esiphambene. Kokubili kungokwe-gas manifold kanye ne-flame arrester.
Q7: Ngabe i-digester ingandiswa kamuva?
A7: Yebo, umkhumbi oboshiwe ungathatha indandatho eyengeziwe noma iyunithi yesibili engumakhelwane, okufanele izitshalo ezihlela ukwengeza umthamo njengoba umthwalo wamanzi angcolile ukhula.
Idizayini yethangi lokugaya imikhumbi ye-anaerobic digestion iyinqubo yokubala ngaphambi kokuba ibe yimekhaniyikali. Lungisa umthamo wokusebenza ophumelelayo kusukela esikhathini sokugcinwa, lungisa isigaba sokushisa, thola izinga legesi ekulayisheni kwakho hhayi kubhentshimakhi, bese kuphela kulinganisa ububanzi nokuphakama. Umphumela wesakhiwo uyasiza: ku-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa umkhumbi uhlala uyithangi lomoya elinesembozo esiguquguqukayo esingavuzi igesi, ngakho iqokobhe lensimbi elihlanganiswe ngengilazi eliboshwe ngamabhawudi eline-enamel encibilikiswe ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C namaphaneli ahlolwe nge-spark engu-1500 V lithwala ingcindezi encane kakhulu kunedome eliqinile lomfutho. Thumela umthamo wokuphakelayo, ukulayisha kanye nesikhathi sokugcina esihlosiwe edesikini yobunjiniyela futhi ukulinganiswa komkhumbi, ukuhlelwa kwesembozo kanye nokuxhumana kwe-gas train kuzobuya nephekheji yamadokhumenti.
Khuluma nonjiniyela
Thumela idatha yakho yokugaya: uhlobo lokudla kanye nevolumu yansuku zonke, ukulayishwa kwe-COD noma i-volatile solids, okuqukethwe okuqinile, isikhathi sokugcinwa okuhlosiwe, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza le-mesophilic noma le-thermophilic, ivolumu ye-biogas elindelekile ngosuku kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kokugcina, kanye nesimo somhlabathi wendawo, umoya kanye neqhwa. Onjiniyela bethu bazobuyisela ukubalwa kwevolumu yokusebenza ephumelelayo, ububanzi nokuphakama kwethangi, ukuhlelwa kwesembozo se-membrane ephindwe kabili esinezilungiselelo ze-relief ne-flame arrester, ukuhlelwa kokuxuba, kanye nephakethe eliphelele ledokhumenti yethenda. Buyekeza kuqala, akukho ingcindezi yentengo.
WhatsApp