Uphahla Lwenjini Yokugaya Amandla Emvelo Olunophahla Lwengxenye Ezimbili Olungavumeli Umoya Ukungena Ezingxenyeni Zokugaya Amandla Emvelo
Kwadalwa ngo 09.02
Uphahla Lolwelwesi Lwe-Digester Izembozo Ezimbili Zolwelwesi Ezingavuzi Gesi Ezingena Emoyeni Kuma-Anaerobic Digesters
Ama-digester membrane roofs asebenzisa isembozo esingangeni umoya esine-membrane ephindwe kabili agcina indawo engaphezulu ye-anaerobic digester iseduze ne-atmospheric pressure esikhundleni sokusunduza igobolondo eliqinile. I-membrane yangaphandle ithwala umthwalo womoya neqhwa, i-membrane yangaphakathi ibamba i-biogas cishe ku-2 kuya ku-3 kPa okushiwoyo, futhi isikhala phakathi kwazo siyavulelwa umoya noma sifakwe umoya ukuze sihlukanise igesi nesimo sezulu. Ingcindezi igcinwa ngaphakathi kwebhendi engu-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa nge-valve yokukhipha umoya kanye ne-flame arrester, evikela kokubili igobolondo lethangi kanye ne-gas train. Ku-digester yengilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi, uhlelo lwesembozo luhlanganiswa nomphetho wethangi, i-nozzle yokuphuma kwegesi, kanye namaphaneli e-enamel ahlolwe nge-spark engu-1500 V.
I-digester ye-anaerobic iyi-reactor eyenzeka ngokuthi yithangi. Igesi eliyikhiqizayo liwumkhiqizo, uketshezi luwukudla, futhi isizathu esisodwa esivame kakhulu sokuthi iphrojekthi yokugaya ingasebenzi kahle ukuthi ingcindezi ye-headspace ayiqondwa. Isembozo esiqinile siyaqhephuka futhi sivuze, uphahla lwe-membrane olulodwa lukhipha igesi ngomoya futhi ludonse umoya phakathi lapho kuphola, futhi isistimu eqinile kakhulu iphusha i-biogas idlule ku-gasket esihlokweni esibuthakathaka. Amaqembu acacisa uphahla lwe-membrane ye-digester kanye nesembozo esiqinile segesi se-membrane ephindwe kabili kuma-digester e-anaerobic empeleni acela umngcele olawulekayo, onengcindezi ephansi, ongenawo umoya kodwa ovumela ithangi liphefumule. Lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngokuthi lowo mngcele wakhiwa kanjani, ukuthi usebenzisana kanjani nokusebenza kwe-mesophilic ku-35 kuya ku-38 °C, nokuthi yini okufanele ifakwe esicacisweni. Ukucacisa uphahla lwe-membrane ye-digester kanye nezembozo eziqinile zegesi ze-membrane ephindwe kabili kuma-digester e-anaerobic ekugcineni kuyisinqumo somngcele wengcindezi, hhayi ukuthenga uphahla, futhi yisona esinquma ukuthi i-digester ikhiqiza igesi noma iyivuze emaphethelweni.
Indlela isembozo solwelwesi olukabili esisebenza ngayo
Izingqimba ezimbili eziguquguqukayo, imisebenzi emibili ehlukene. Ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwakha umngcele wegesi futhi lugcine i-biogas engcindezini elinganiselwe cishe engu-2 kuya ku-3 kPa; ulwelwesi lwangaphandle luhlala phezu kwalo futhi luthwala umoya ophakamayo, umthwalo weqhwa, nemvula. Isikhala phakathi kwazo zombili sishiywa njengegebe lomoya elinomoya noma lifakwe umoya ngomshini wokuphefumula omncane ukuze ungqimba lwangaphandle luhlale luqinile futhi ungqimba lwangaphakathi luvikelwe ekukhanyeni kwelanga okuqondile nasekuthinteni komshini. Ngenxa yokuthi igesi ihlala ngaphansi kolwelwesi oluguquguqukayo hhayi ngaphansi kwepuleti eliqinile, ithangi lithola ingxenye encane kuphela yomthwalo okwakungadluliselwa esigobeni ngukhonskithi noma insimbi eya ogebini. Yikho lokhu okwenza inhlanganisela nodonga lukasimbi oluhlanganiswe nengilazi oluboshwe ngamabhawudi lusebenze: udonga lwenzelwe umehluko wengcindezi ephansi, futhi isembozo siyahambisana nakho.
Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi yikho okuyisisekelo sonke. Isembozo sinikezwa nge-valve yokukhulula ingcindezi ebekwe ngaphakathi kwebhendi yokusebenza engu-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa kanye ne-flame arrester emugqeni wegesi. Uma ukukhiqizwa kwegesi kudlula isidingo se-boiler, injini, noma i-flare, i-valve yokukhulula iyavuleka futhi i-membrane iyaphakama esikhundleni sokuthi i-gasket iqhume. Uma isidingo sidlula ukukhiqizwa, uhlangothi lwe-vacuum luvikelwe futhi, ngoba i-membrane ewohlokayo ingadonsa umoya ungene esitsheni okufanele singabi na-oxygen.
Ukuxhumanisa isembozo nenqubo yokugaya ukudla
Ukusebenza kwe-mesophilic kubeka izinga legesi okufanele liphahla lisetshenziswe. I-digester ye-mesophilic esebenza ku-35 kuya ku-38 °C enesikhathi sokugcinwa kwamanzi esingaba izinsuku ezingama-20 kuya kwezingama-30 ikhiqiza cishe u-0.5 kuya ku-0.6 m³ we-biogas ngekhilogramu yezinto eziqinile eziguquguqukayo ezicekelwe phansi odakeni lukamasipala, kanye namazinga aphansi ezingxenyeni eziphezulu zemboni. Isinyathelo sokuklama ukuthatha umthamo wegesi wansuku zonke ophakeme, kususwe isidingo esincane se-burner noma senjini, bese kulinganiswa isikhala sengqondo kanye nokubamba ukuze i-membrane ingalokothi idinge ukusebenza ngaphandle kwebhendi yayo yengcindezi. Ukuxubana kubalulekile ekubalweni okufanayo: i-digester engaxutshiwe ithuthukisa ungqimba lwe-scum kanye nebhentshi lesihlabathi, umthamo osebenzayo wehla, futhi isikhathi sangempela sokugcinwa siwela ngaphansi kwenani lokuklama nakuba ithangi ligcwele.
I-hydrogen sulfide iyisithiyo sesibili senqubo. I-enamel ibamba i-sulfide kahle kulo lonke uhla lwayo lokubekezelela i-pH, ngakho isitsha ngokwaso akusona isakhi esikhawulelayo, kodwa igesi ephuma ophahleni isadinga ukususwa kwe-sulfur, ngokuvamile ukufakwa kwe-ferric chloride noma ukususwa kwe-sulfur ngebhokisi elomile, ukuvikela i-boiler, injini, kanye nohlelo lokulawula iphunga. Okokudla kwezimboni okunothe ngamaprotheni, yeka isikhala kulokho kulinganisa esikhundleni senani elijwayelekile.
Ifomu lethangi: igobolondo le-enamel eliboshiwe kanye nophahla oluguquguqukayo
Udonga nophahla kwakhiwe njengomngcele wengcindezi owodwa. Udonga lwe-digester yensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi lwenziwe ngamaphaneli ashiswe ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C anongqimba lwe-enamel olungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm, olulinganiswa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², futhi luhlolwa nge-1500 V DC spark test ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. I-enamel ihlanganisa lonke ibanga le-pH lika-1 kuya ku-14, okubalulekile lapha ngoba imifudlana ye-digestion izwela ukuphazamiseka kwe-pH futhi ezinye izifakelo zezimboni zifika zine-asidi. Udonga luhlanganiswa ngamabhawodi ebanga lika-8.8 nama-EPDM gaskets ngobubanzi bephaneli elingaba ngu-1.2 m, futhi ku-digester i-roof flange iyisihlanganisi esibalulekile: ivala isikhala segesi futhi iyindawo lapho i-membrane anchor, i-gas outlet nozzle, i-safety valve manifold, ne-access hatch kuhlangana khona konke.
Izimo ezimbili zomngcele kufanele zishiwo ku-tender. Okokuqala, ukuhlanganiswa kuyisitoreji se-atmospheric noma ingcindezi ephansi, hhayi isitsha sengcindezi; ingcindezi yegesi isebangeni le-kilopascal futhi isitsha asenzelwe ukuba yindawo yomngcele wengcindezi ngokwaso.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Ingcindezi yegesi yokusebenza | ±3–5 kPa, ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi ~2–3 kPa | Ingcindezi ephansi, isitsha se-atmospheric |
Ukuxhumana nokufakwa kolwelwesi | 0.25–0.45 mm enamel, ishiselwe ku-820–930 °C | Kufakwe kuphaneli yensimbi yekhabhoni |
Amandla ongelela le-enamel | ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² | Ukumelana nokugoba nokucindezela |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Iphaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukubekezelela i-pH | 1–14 | Kuzinzile kuzo zonke iziphazamiso ze-pH zokugaya |
Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza | i-mesophilic 35–38 °C | Nge-HRT yezinsuku ezingu-20–30 ejwayelekile |
Isivuno segesi esijwayelekile | 0.5–0.6 m³ biogas/kg VS esusiwe | Inkomba yodaka lukamasipala |
Ububanzi bephaneli namabhawudi | ~1.2 m amaphaneli, amabhawudi e-8.8-grade | Amajoyinti e-flange e-EPDM gasket |
Izinga lomthwalo wophahla | ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 | Umoya neqhwa kulwelwesi lwangaphandle |
Ukuhlanganisa ikhava nethangi kanye nesitshalo
Uhlu lwezindawo zokuxhumana ophahleni lufushane kodwa yonke into ibalulekile. Umbhobho wokuphuma kwegesi onenqamuli yelangabi kanye nevalvu yokunciphisa ingcindezi ebekwe ngaphakathi kwebhendi evunyiwe, isiqhekezi sokuphepha se-vacuum ukuze ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lungaphenduki ngesikhathi sokuvalwa isikhathi eside, indawo yokuthatha isampula nokuhlanza, imbobo yethuluzi lengcindezi ene-transmitter enikeza i-alamu ye-SCADA, isicabha sokungena kanye nensimbi yophahla yokuhlola, kanye nesitaki sokukhipha umoya sendawo ephakathi esihlangabezana nomthetho wendawo wokunuka. Ngasohlangothini lwethangi, umdwebo ofanayo kufanele ulungise ukuphakama komphetho we-rim maqondana nezinga eliphezulu loketshezi, ukuhlelwa kokuchichima, kanye nendawo yokungena kwemishini yokuxuba, ngoba ukungena ngakunye kuyindawo lapho umphetho we-enamel ugaywa futhi uhlanganiswe kabusha futhi lapho i-anchor yelwelwesi kufanele ivalwe khona.
Ngokokusebenza, uhlu lokuhlola lulula futhi kufanele lubhalwe encwadini ye-O&M: qopha ibhande lomfutho njalo ngesikhathi sokusebenza, hlola ubuso be-membrane ukuthi abukho ukuqhekeka kwe-UV kanye nokuhamba kwe-flange njalo lapho kumiswa, qinisekisa isethi yombhobho wokukhulula minyaka yonke, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi umoya we-interspace ukhululekile ngaphambi kobusika. Isembozo se-membrane esiphindwe kabili ku-digester ye-enamel eboshwe ngamabhawudi sinezinto ezimbalwa eziqinile zokushisela ezingahluleka kunesibhakabhaka sensimbi, futhi indlela yaso yokuhluleka ukuvuza okunensayo okubonakala endleleni yomfutho isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba kube isikhalo sephunga.
Ikhasi Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ingxenye yokwelashwa kwe-anaerobic, amanzi angcolile okucubungula u-soy | I-Hebei, e-China | Ingxenye yokugaya i-anaerobic, amathangi e-GFS | okuhambisana nomklamo | Ukunikezwa kwe-EPC anaerobic train + ukugadwa |
Uhlelo lwamathangi e-industrial effluent, amayunithi angama-27 | I-Xinjiang, e-China | Ithangi le-GFS | 30,469 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa |
Indawo yokugcina amanzi angcolile asemfuleni wokupheka utshwala | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 14,655 m³ | ukuhlinzeka, ukugcina amanzi angcolile |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela be-Enamel Ephakathi
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside isukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Emsebenzini wokugaya i-anaerobic lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kophahla olungavuzi igesi, ukuhlolwa kwemingcele yengcindezi ephansi okuchazwe ngenhla, kanye nokufanisa udonga lwe-enamel nezimo zenqubo ye-mesophilic yesitshalo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe isembozo se-membrane ephindwe kabili sivimba ngokwanele igesi ye-biogas?
A1: Yebo, uma kuhlinzekwa nge-valve yokukhulula kanye ne-flame arrester futhi imininingwane ye-anchor ichazwe ngokuningiliziwe kubhendi yakho yengcindezi yegesi. Kuyisistimu yengcindezi ephansi, ngakho-ke isembozo asivumi kahle umoya kunokuba silinganiswe ngengcindezi njengoba kungaba yidome elishiselwe.
Q2: Ingabe isembozo singahlala phezu kwethangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi?
A2: Yebo. Udonga lwe-enamel oluboshiwe luwumkhumbi womoya, futhi uphahla oluguquguqukayo luhambisana nalelo klasi lengcindezi ngokuphelele. I-rim flange, i-gas nozzle, i-valve yokukhulula kanye nezimbobo zamathuluzi konke kuchazwe njengengxenye eyodwa.
Q3: Yiliphi izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elenzelwe lona?
A3: Ukugaya kwe-mesophilic ku-35 kuya ku-38 °C yikhona okujwayelekile, nesikhathi sokugcina amanzi esingu-20 kuya ku-30 izinsuku kanye nomkhiqizo ojwayelekile oseduze kuka-0.5 kuya ku-0.6 m³ we-biogas ngekhilogram yezinto eziphilayo ezikhishwe.
Umbuzo 4: Ngisadinga yini ukususa isulfure ku-hydrogen sulfide?
Impendulo 4: Yebo. I-enamel lining ibekezelela i-sulfide kulo lonke uhla lwayo lwe-pH, kodwa i-boiler, injini kanye ne-odor train azikwenzi. Ukufakwa kwe-ferric chloride noma ukususa isulfure okomile kulinganiswa kusuka emthwalweni ophezulu we-sulfide, hhayi isilinganiso.
Umbuzo 5: Umthwalo womoya neqhwa uphathwa kanjani?
Impendulo 5: I-membrane yangaphandle ithatha leyo mithwalo futhi umklamo ubhekiselwa ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10 emoyeni naseqhweni, kanye ne-load case okuxoxwa ngayo endaweni yakho.
Umbuzo 6: Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuvalwa uma kungekho gesi esetshenziswayo?
A6: I-valve yokukhulula iyavuleka futhi ulwelwesi luyaphakama ngaphakathi kwebhendi yalo yokucindezela, futhi isihlukanisi se-vacuum sivikela isistimu lapho ukukhiqizwa kwegesi kuphansi kunesidingo. Yingakho zombili lezi zinto zifanele zibe ku-manifold efanayo nendawo yokuphuma kwegesi.
Q7: Kufanele ihlolwe kangaki ikhava?
A7: Ngokubona njalo lapho kucishwa, kanye nokuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-flange anchor nendawo yelwelwesi minyaka yonke, futhi i-set point ye-valve yokukhulula iqinisekiswa ngesikhathi esifanayo.
I-membrane roof ye-digester ene-double membrane gas tight cover iyindlela enobungozi obuphansi kakhulu yokwenza i-anaerobic digester ilawulwe ukuthi ingavuzi ngaphandle kokuguqula itanki yokugcina ibe yipressure vessel. Lezi zingqimba ezimbili zihlukanisa ingcindezi yenqubo emthwalweni wesimo sezulu, ibhendi engu-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa ene-relief ne-flame arrester ivikela amaphaneli e-enamel namajoyinti e-gasket, futhi ifomethi eguquguqukayo isho ukuthi akukho ukugxila kwengcindezi okuqinile emaphethelweni. Hlanganisa lokho nodonga lwe-enamel oluncibilikisiwe olushiswe ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C futhi lwahlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V futhi umkhumbi ubhekana ne-sulfide kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-pH kokudla kwangempela kwezimboni. Uma usephuzwini lokukhetha i-digester cover, thumela ivolumu yokudla, umthwalo we-COD kanye nesikhathi sokugcina osifunayo, iphrofayili yokusetshenziswa kwegesi, kanye nedatha yomoya neqhwa yesizinda, futhi uzothola ukucushwa kophahla, ukusethwa kwengcindezi kanye nosayizi wetanki kanye nephakethe yamadokhumenti.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Yabelana ngedatha ye-digester nedeskithi yethu yobunjiniyela benqubo namathangi: uhlobo lokudla nokugeleza, ukulayishwa kwe-COD noma i-VS, isikhathi sokugcinwa okuhlosiwe, izinga lokushisa le-mesophilic noma le-thermophilic elidingekayo, umthamo we-biogas olindelekile ngosuku, ukusetshenziswa kokugcina kwegesi, kanye nezimo zomoya neqhwa zesizinda. Sizobuyisela ububanzi nobude bethangi, ukuhlelwa kwesembozo se-double membrane, amaphuzu okusetha e-relief valve ne-flame arrester, ukuhlelwa komugqa wokuxuba nowegesi, kanye nephakethe eliphelele ledokhumenti yethenda. Ubunjiniyela kuqala, akunasibopho.
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