Izixazululo Zokumboza Amathangi Okulinganisa Imfucuza
Kwadalwa ngo 02.09
Izixazululo Zezembozo Zamasethi Amanzi Angcolile
Amakhava ezixazululo zamathangi okulinganisa amanzi angcolile ahlukaniswa abe imindeni emithathu: uphahla oluqinile lwe-aluminium olubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650 olunomthwalo womoya neqhwa ovela ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10, ikhava yegesi enezinhlwa ezimbili egcina indawo yomoya ngaphakathi kwe-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa ngevalve yokukhipha umfutho kanye nesivimbeli somlilo, kanye nesihloko esivulekile noma esinomoya esisebenza ngaphandle kwenhlanhla. Zonke lezi zihlala ethangini lomfutho womoya osemkhathini noma ophansi futhi akukho nelilodwa elenza umkhumbi ube umkhumbi womfutho. Khetha isigaba ngokusekelwe ekutheni ukulawulwa kwenhlanhla noma ukubanjwa kwegesi kuyadingeka, bese ulinganisa isikhala somoya sokuphefumula kanye ne-
Ithangi lokulinganisa yilapho ihora elibi kakhulu lesitshalo ligcinwa khona ukuze isigaba sebhayoloji singaliboni. Nokho, uma sesimboziwe, ayisabi yisitsha esilula: indawo engaphezulu iba yindawo yegesi, isimbozo siba umngcele onomsebenzi, kanti indawo yokuphuma komoya iba inkinga yokulinganisa usayizi. Izinkinga eziningi zesimbozo kumathangi okulinganisa akuzona neze izinkinga zesimbozo — ziyizinkinga zegesi ezingakaze zibuyekezwe kanye nesimbozo, futhi zivela njengegasket eqhumukile, isikhalo sephunga noma uhlelo lokuqoqa olungasebenzi kahle ezinyangeni eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili ngemuva kokusetshenziswa.
Imindeni emithathu yamakhava nokuthi yikuphi okufanele
Ukukhetha kuqala ngesidingo sephunga negesi, hhayi ngetanki. Idome eliqinile le-aluminium liyimpendulo lapho ukukhishwa kwezinto ezingcolile, ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu kanye nendawo yokuhlola ehambekayo kubalulekile, futhi lapho igesi ye-headspace ingafanele ukubanjwa. Isembozo se-membrane ezimbili siyimpendulo lapho igesi ikhiqizwa futhi kufanele ibanjwe ngaphakathi kwe-pressure envelope echaziwe — sisebenza nge-membrane yangaphakathi ku-nominal 2 kuya ku-3 kPa kanye nendawo yonke yegesi ngaphakathi kwe-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa, evikelwe i-pressure relief valve kanye ne-flame arrestor. Isiqongo esivulekile noma esinomoya sisalungile ekulinganiseni okungenaphunga kokugeleza okupholile noma okwenziwe kwaba neutral, lapho isembozo kufanele sivimbele imvula nemfucumfucu kuphela. Zontathu lezi ziyizivalo kutanki ye-atmospheric noma ye-low gauge pressure, futhi akukho neyodwa yazo eguqula umkhumbi ube yi-pressure vessel.
Ukusetha izinga lokuqina kwegesi
Ukuqina kuyinani lokucaciswa, futhi kufanele kuvunyelwane nge-gas train. Esiqeshini sokulinganisa umbuzo ofanele ukuthi kwenzekani emoyeni nanoma yiliphi igesi elishiya uketshezi njengoba izinga lihamba futhi izinga lokushisa lishintsha. Imvume yokuphefumula ihlanganisa ukushintsha okujwayelekile kokushisa nezinga; imvume yokuqoqa ihlanganisa i-biogas noma igesi ene-hydrogen sulfide evela emfuleni. Lezi zinto ezimbili zisingathwa ngosayizi abahlukene be-vent nezilungiselelo zokukhulula ezahlukene, ngakho-ke i-oda lesembozo kufanele lisho izinga lokuphefumula eliklanyelwe kanye nezinga lokukhiqizwa kwegesi eliklanyelwe ngokwehlukana. Uma isitshalo silindele ukuqoqa igesi, umugqa wegesi, i-scrubber noma i-flare, ingcindezi yokukhulula ebekiwe kanye ne-flame arrestor konke kufanele kubuyekezwe nesembozo hhayi ngemuva kwaso — futhi ingcindezi yangaphakathi ebizwa ngegama yesembozo esinama-membrane amabili, cishe u-2 kuya ku-3 kPa, ibeka umkhawulo ongokoqobo wokuthi igesi ingakhishwa ngokushesha kangakanani.
Izimo zomthwalo kanye nokuhlangana kophahla nengqimba
Ikhava iw uphahla ngaphambi kokuba iw isivalo, futhi umphetho wengqimba yegobongo oyinquma. Kwi-dome ye-aluminium eqinile, izinkomba yi-AWWA D108 yophahla lwe-dome kanye ne-API 650 yengqimba yethangi elihlala kuyo, kanti umthwalo womoya neqhwa uthathwa ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10. I-dome elula ilawulwa ukuphakama phansi kwesiphepho esiklanyelwe kanye neqhwa eliqhubekayo emgqeni wokuntwela kunokuba ilawulwe isisindo sayo, yingakho ijubane lomoya eliyisisekelo, isigaba sokuchayeka, umthwalo weqhwa wasemhlabeni kanye nesici sokubaluleka kufanele kuhamba nombuzo. I-dome inamathiselwe emphethweni wengqimba ngokuxhumana okuboshiwe okune-gasket, ngakho umphetho wengqimba ophezulu kufanele uchazwe ukuthi uthwale ukudluliswa komthwalo we-dome; isigaba esiphezulu esaklanyelwa kuphela i-handrail siyona nto yokuqala ezokhombisa ubunzima ethangini elide.
Ukwehluleka okubonakala emathangini okulinganisa amboziwe
Ama-gasket, ama-vent kanye nomugqa wamanzi yikho cishe konke okubalelwayo. I-perimeter gasket iyaqina futhi iqhekeke ngomjikelezo weminyaka eminingi, futhi isembozo esingakwazi ukukhishwa siba yinkinga yokuvalelwa lapho kungena ethangini ukuze kuhlolwe. I-vent eyayincane kakhulu ekuphefumuleni ibonakala njengesembozo esisontekile noma ukuvuza okuphindaphindiwe kwe-gasket kunokuba ibe yisigameko esikhulu. Ukugqwala endaweni yokuhlangana komoya namanzi ngaphakathi ethangini kuyaqhubeka ngaphansi kwesembozo futhi kuqoqa usawoti owawuthwelwe yi-aerosol, ngakho ingaphakathi lethangi lisadinga indlela yokuhlola. Futhi emkhakheni wamathangi e-enamel, izindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo zisalokhu kuyi-delamination endaweni yokuhlanganisa lapho isisekelo siphoqa uqweqwe ukuba lungabi yindilinga, kanye nokwakheka kwezimbobo ezincane ezivela ekushayweni — yingakho ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngepuleti ngalinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kuyingxenye yengxoxo yesembozo lapho isembozo sisethangini le-enamel.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Uhlobo lwesembozo | Uphahla lwedome le-aluminium noma isembozo se-membrane ezimbili | Kukhethwa ngesidingo sokulawula iphunga nokubamba igesi |
Izinga ledome | AWWA D108 | Ngegobolondo ku-API 650 |
Umthwalo womoya neqhwa | ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 | Ukuphakama nokudonsa kulawula uhlaka |
Isembozo sengcindezi yegesi | ±3–5 kPa | I-membrane yangaphakathi engu-2–3 kPa |
Ukukhulula ingcindezi | Setha i-valve yokukhulula kanye ne-flame arrestor | Kulinganiswe ngezinga lokukhiqizwa kwegesi |
Ukulinganisa umoya | Okokuphefumula, hhayi ithangi elivaliwe | Ngokusekelwe ekushintsheni kokushisa nezinga |
Ikilasi lengcindezi | I-atmospheric / low gauge | Akulona unqenqema lwengcindezi |
Ukuhlangana | Kuboshwe nge-gasket, i-EPDM yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi | Iyakhishwa ukuze kungenele ithangi |
Igobolondo lethangi | I-GFS enamel, ayisebenzi ku-pH 1–14 | Lapho i-chemistry ivumela khona |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ iminyaka engama-30 | Ithangi nesembozo ngaphansi kokusebenza okujwayelekile |
Ukubeka isembozo kuphrojekthi yangempela yokulinganisa
Izinto ezine zinquma ubukhulu ngaphambi kokuba isembozo sidwetshwe. Okokuqala, uketshezi: ukuthi luyini, izinga lokushisa lwalo, ukuthi lunasawoti, lunephunga noma lukhiqiza igesi, kanye nokwakheka kwegesi okuhlanganisa noma iyiphi i-hydrogen sulfide. Okwesibili, umsebenzi wesembozo: ukukhipha iphunga, ukubamba igesi, ukukhipha isimo sezulu, noma inhlanganisela — nokuthi igesi ebunjiwe inayo umsebenzisi noma iya e-flare. Okwesithathu, imvelo: isivinini somoya esiyisisekelo, isigaba sokuchayeka kanye nomthwalo weqhwa emhlabathini, kanye nokuthi indawo iyabanda yini. Okwesine, indlela yokusebenza: ububanzi bokushintsha kwezinga, ukwehla okubeka ubude besembozo esincane ngaphezu kwezinga eliphansi kakhulu, kanye nendlela okungena ngayo ethangini. Ngalezo zine, uhlobo lwesembozo, umkhawulo wengcindezi kanye nobukhulu bemigudu yokukhipha umoya nokukhulula konke kuvela ekubalweni kunokuba kube ukuthanda.
Isimo sephrojekthi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Amathangi emanzini angcolile ezimbonini | Xinjiang, China | Amathangi e-GFS | 30,469 m³ kumasethi angama-27 | Ukulethwa kwezimboni zamathangi amaningi ngamaphakethe ezembozo |
Amathangi amanzi angcolile kamasipala | Sichuan, China | Amathangi e-GFS | 17,420 m³ kumathangi ayi-10 | Ukulethwa kukamasipala ngamathangi amaningi |
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi angcolile | Czech Republic | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 647 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwethangi lensimbi engagqwali enkonzweni yamanzi angcolile |
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi angcolile endwangu | Tunisia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 846 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwethangi lensimbi engagqwali enkonzweni yamanzi angcolile |
Ithangi elikhulu eliboshiwe elinobubanzi obukhulu | Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | Ukuhlinzeka nokugada |
Amandla Okusebenza Kwe-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isike yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) e-China, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Okokulinganisa nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi angcolile lokhu kuhlanganisa wonke umkhakha wokumboza ongenhla, kusukela kuphahla lwedome le-aluminium kuya kukhava yegesi enezinhlaka ezimbili, kuhlinzekwa njengezixazululo zokumboza zamathangi okulinganisa amanzi angcolile kanye nokuhlolwa kwenqenqema lengcindezi, umoya wokuphuma kanye nokusiza okwenziwa kanye nethangi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ikhava yenza ithangi lokulinganisa libe yisitsha sengcindezi?
Impendulo 1: Cha. Ithangi lihlala liyithuluzi le-atmospheric noma lengcindezi ephansi. Ikhava enezinhlaka ezimbili isebenza ngaphakathi kwe-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa nge-valve yokuphuma kanye ne-flame arrestor, kanti idome eliqinile liyindawo yokuvala isimo sezulu kanye nephunga. Akukho kokubili okudala unqenqema lwengcindezi.
Umbuzo 2: Yiluphi ikhava okufanele ngiyikhethele ithangi lokulinganisa?
Impendulo 2: Kuncike ekutheni ingabe igesi iyabanjwa yini. Idome le-aluminium eliqinile elihambisana ne-AWWA D108 kanye negobolondo elihambisana ne-API 650 kufaneleka ukukhipha isimo sezulu nemfucumfucu. Ikhavha enezinhlaka ezimbili ifaneleka ukubamba igesi ngelithi ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lube ku-2 kuya ku-3 kPa okulinganiselwe. Isihloko esivulekile noma esinomoya esiphumayo samukelekile lapho umfudlana ungenaphunga.
Umbuzo 3: Isiphephetha somoya silinganiswa kanjani?
Impendulo 3: Kufanele silinganiswe ukuze siphefumule — ukushintsha kokushisa kanye nezinga — hhayi njengokungathi ithangi livaliwe. Ngokwehlukile, i-valve yokukhulula kanye ne-flame arrestor kulinganiswa ngokulingana nezinga lokukhiqizwa kwegesi, futhi lezi zinombolo ezimbili kufanele zibuyekezwe kanye nohlobo lwekhavha.
Umbuzo 4: Yiziphi izimo zomthwalo ezilawula idome eliqinile?
Impendulo 4: Ukuphakama ngaphansi komoya okuklanyelwe kanye nokuncipha kweqhwa eligcwele eduze komugqa wasentwasahlobo, kaningi kunesisindo sedome uqobo. Ijubane lomoya eliyisisekelo, isigaba sokuchayeka, umthwalo weqhwa elisemhlabathini kanye nesici sokubaluleka kunquma usayizi wohlaka kanye nokubopha komjikelezo.
Umbuzo 5: Ingabe isembozo singasuswa ukuze kungene ithangi?
Impendulo 5: Yebo. Idome linamathiselwe phezulu kwegobolondo ngokuhlangana okuboshiwe okune-gasket, ngakho lingaqaqwa futhi liphakanyiswe licacile ngenkathi ithangi lichithwa futhi lihlolwa. Umkhuba omuhle ukufaka kabusha ngezinto ezintsha ze-gasket kanye nokuphinda uqinise izibopho.
Umbuzo 6: Iyiphi igesi ezokhiqizwa ithangi lokulinganisa?
A6: Kuncike ngokuphelele emseleni. Umoya onukayo ne-hydrogen sulfide kuvamile emanzini angcolile kanye nemiselo yokucubungula ukudla; ukubamba ngokuvamile kudinga ukususa isulfure njenge-ferric chloride noma inqubo eyomile ngaphambi kokuba igesi ifike kubhayela noma enjinini, ngoba isembozo asiyihlanzi igesi.
Q7: Yini okufanele ibe sesicelweni sombozo?
A7: Uketshezi kanye nezinga lokushisa kwalo, ukwakheka kwegesi kanye nezinga lokukhiqizwa uma likhona, umsebenzi wembozo, kanye nesivinini somoya esiyisisekelo sendawo, umthwalo weqhwa kanye nesigaba sokuchayeka, kanye nebanga lokushwibeka kanye nendlela okungenwa ngayo ethangini.
Ikhava esethangini lokulinganisa iyinkinga yegesi egqoke izingubo zenkinga yesimo sezulu. Umndeni wekhava ulandela umsebenzi wephunga negesi, ingqamuzana yengcindezi ilandela izinga lokukhiqizwa kwegesi, kanti usayizi womoya wokuphuma nowokusiza ulandela lezo zinombolo ezimbili hhayi umkhuba. Gcina ithangi lisemoyeni ojwayelekile, cacisa ngezinga lokuqina, futhi uhlole ingaphezulu legobolondo elithwala ikhava ngesikhathi esifanayo nekhava ngokwayo. Yenza lezo zinto ezine bese ikhava ibamba ingcindezi, iphunga kanye nokufinyelela kokuhlola ngasikhathi sinye.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele umfudlana wamanzi angcolile kanye nezinga lokushisa, ukuthi ingabe igesi iyakhishwa kanye nokwakheka kwayo, umsebenzi wesembozo owudingayo, isivinini somoya sendawo, umthwalo weqhwa kanye nesigaba sokuchayeka, kanye nebanga lokushwiba kanye nendlela ithangi elizongena ngayo. Sizobuyisela isincomo sohlobo lwesembozo, ukubalwa kwengcindezi yesembozo kanye nosayizi wokukhipha umoya, isiphakamiso sokukhulula kanye nesivimbeli somlilo, kanye nefayela lomdwebo kanye nencazelo. Ubunjiniyela kuqala, akunasibopho, futhi akukho kufona kokuthengisa kuze kube seqedi yomsebenzi wesembozo isiqediwe.
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