Ukuqhathaniswa Kwamathangi e-GFS Namathangi Epulasitiki
Kwadalwa ngo 05.19
Ukuqhathanisa Phakathi Kwamathangi e-Gfs Namathangi Epulasitiki
Ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi kanye nethangi lepulasitiki ziphendula imibuzo ehlukene. Amaphaneli e-GFS athwala ungqimba lwe-enamel olungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm oluhlanganiswe nensimbi ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, lubalwa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², lubushelelezi ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra futhi lubalwa iminyaka engu-30 noma ngaphezulu, ngokuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC iphaneli ngayinye, futhi zifanele amavolumu amakhulu, amakhemikhali anamandla kanye nemisebenzi lapho ithangi kufanele landiswe kamuva. Ipulasitiki ishibhile, ilula futhi yanele emavolumu amancane angenawo umfutho oketshezi oluhambisanayo, kodwa inamandla alinganiselwe okumelana namakhemikhali, amandla esakhiwo aphansi kuyindilinga enkulu, isikhathi sokusebenza esifushane futhi ayinandlela yokwandiswa. Khetha ngokwevolumu, amakhemikhali kanye nempilo yokuklama, hhayi ngentengo yeyunithi.
Ukuqhathanisa ngokuvamile kuqala ngomehluko wentengo owenza isinqumo sibonakale silula, bese kuphetha ngonjiniyela echaza ngemva kwezinyanga eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili ukuthi kungani ithangi lepulasitiki lishintshwa. Empeleni lezi zinto ezimbili zihlala ezingxenyeni eziphambene zobubanzi bezindleko namandla, futhi umbuzo owusizo akukhona ukuthi iyiphi engcono kodwa ukuthi iyiphi eyeka ukusebenza kuphi. I-Glass-fused-to-steel iyimpendulo yamavolumu amakhulu, amakhemikhali anamandla kanye nokusebenza isikhathi eside; ipulasitiki iyimpendulo yokugcina okuncane, okushibhile, okungabalulekile. Konke okuphakathi kunqunywa amanani amathathu athile: ivolumu, amakhemikhali kanye nempilo yokuklama.
Ukuthi lezi zinto ezimbili ziyini ngempela
Enye iyindawo engaphezulu ye-inorganic ehlanganisiwe esiceleni; enye iyigobolondo le-polymer elibunjiwe. Ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi lihlanganiswa ngamaphaneli ensimbi alungiselelwe efektriji acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi, ngalinye liphethe ungqimba lwe-enamel oluhlanganiswe nesisekelo ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, lihlanganiswa ngamabhawodi ezinga le-8.8 nama-gasket, futhi lilinganiselwe iminyaka engu-30 noma ngaphezulu ngedizayini ebhekisele ku-AWWA D103-09. Ithangi lepulasitiki, ngomqondo osetshenziswe lapha, isitsha se-polyethylene esibunjiwe noma esakhiwe ngokujikelezayo esiphethe uketshezi ekucindezelweni komoya okungenawo umsuka wensimbi. Eyokuqala iyisakhiwo esinesivimbelo samakhemikhali esihlanganiswe kuso; eyesibili iyinto eyodwa ye-polymer eyenza yomibili imisebenzi. Lowo mehluko uchaza cishe wonke umahluko phakathi kwazo.
Ukumelana namakhemikhali akusona isici esisodwa
Yonke into inebhande lapho ingasebenzi khona kanye nebande lapho ingasebenzi kahle khona. Ubuso be-enamel abunazinto eziphilayo futhi abusebenzi kusukela ku-pH 1 kuya ku-14, ngakho-ke i-asidi enamandla ne-alkali enamandla zihlangana nobuso obuzinzile obufanayo, futhi into ayithambisi noma ayinyakazi ngaphansi kwesisindo njengoba kwenza i-polymer. Ipulasitiki imelana kahle nohlu oluthile lwamakhemikhali — ama-asidi amaningi, ama-base amaningi, usawoti — kodwa inohlu olucacisiwe lokungahambisani okubandakanya izinto eziningi eziphilayo, ama-solvent, ama-oxidizer nama-hydrocarbon, futhi ukumelana kwayo kuyashintsha ngezinga lokushisa. Lokho kusho ukuthi umbuzo ofanele kumhlinzeki wepulasitiki awukona ukuthi ithangi liyamelana namakhemikhali yini kodwa ukuthi uketshezi oluthile ngezinga lokushisa elithile luwela ngaphakathi kwebhande elishiwo le-polymer. Ukwehluleka kwe-enamel kungokomshini, ukwehluleka kwepulasitiki kungokwamakhemikhali noma okushisa.
Amandla esakhiwo nokuthi ububanzi bubiza malini
Ipulasitiki iyawina emathangini amancane kodwa iyehlulwa kumathangi amakhulu. Ithangi lepulasitiki elibunjiwe linesisindo esiphansi futhi kulula ukulifaka endaweni, kodwa amandla alo esakhiwo ehla njengoba ububanzi bukhula, ngoba igobolondo kufanele linwebe phakathi kwezisekelo futhi ama-polymer ayagobhoza ngaphansi komthwalo oqhubekayo. Iphaneli ye-enamel ehlanganisiwe iqinile ngokwanele ukubamba ithangi lamanzi elikhulu elingama-44,900 m³, futhi amathangi angawodwa anikezwa afike ku-60,000 m³. Uma imfuneko ingamashumi ambalwa e-cubic metres egcekeni, ipulasitiki iyaqhudelana ngempela futhi ivamise ukuba yinto engcono ukuyithenga. Uma kungamawaka ambalwa e-cubic metres, ipulasitiki ayikwazi ngokwesakhiwo futhi ukuqhathanisa kuyaphela.
Isikhathi sokusebenza, ukuhlolwa kanye nendlela yokwehluleka
Lezi zimbili zehluleka ngezindlela ezahlukene, futhi eyodwa kuphela yazo ezibhala ngokwayo. Amathangi epulasitiki ehluleka ngokuqhekeka, ukuwohloka kwe-UV, ukukhasa kanye nokuncipha kancane kancane kodonga, futhi ukwehluleka kuvame ukuhamba kancane futhi kube nzima ukukubikezela ngaphandle. Ithangi le-enamel elihlanganisiwe lehluleka ngokuhlukaniswa endaweni yokuhlanganisa lapho igobolondo liphoqwe ukuthi lingabi yindilinga ngenxa yokuhla kwesisekelo, noma ngokwakheka kwezimbobo ezincane ezivela ekushayweni okuthile — kokubili kungokomshini futhi kokubili kuyatholakala, ngoba yonke ipuleti elimbozwe nge-enamel lihlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa futhi iphaneli inerekhodi. Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu noma ngaphezulu iyisikhathi sokuphila esiklanyelwe umndeni we-enamel, okuyinombolo isitshalo esingahlela imali yaso kuyo; ithangi lepulasitiki livame ukushintshwa ngesikhathi esifushane. Indaba yokuhlola ilandela umqondo ofanayo: ithangi le-enamel eliboshiwe lingavulwa, kanti elipulasitiki alikwazi ukuqiniswa kalula endaweni.
Izindleko akuzona lezo ezikhonjiswa yisilinganiso
Qhathanisa izindleko ezifakiwe nge-cubic metre ngayinye esikhathini sokuphila komklamo, hhayi into esemgqeni. Ithangi lepulasitiki linenani lokuthenga eliphansi kakhulu nge-cubic metre kumthamo omncane futhi lilahlekelwa yilelo nzuzo ngokushesha njengoba umthamo ukhuphuka, ngoba izitsha ezibunjiwe azinciphisi izindleko kuyilapho ithangi lika-enamel eliboshiwe linciphisa. Ukulungiselelwa komhlabathi kuyahluka futhi: ithangi lepulasitiki lidinga indawo yokulala ebukhwebezane, eyisicaba futhi lizwela ekuhlaleni okungafani, futhi isitsha esikhulu sepulasitiki esiphedini engalungiselelwe siyiphutha elivamile lokuqala. Umsebenzi wokufaka, isisekelo, uphahla, izinto zokuxhuma kanye nomjikelezo wokushintshwa ekugcineni konke kufanele kube sengxenyeni yokuqhathanisa. Esikhathini seminyaka engu-20 ithangi lika-enamel ngokuvamile lishibhile nge-cubic metre ngayinye elethwayo, futhi esikhathini seminyaka emithathu ngamanzi angenazinkinga, ipulasitiki ngokuvamile alinjalo.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Ithangi le-GFS | Ithangi lepulasitiki |
Isakhiwo | Amapaneli ensimbi ane-enamel ehlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C | Igobolondo lepolymer elibunjiwe |
Ungqimba lwe-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm, ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² | Akusebenziseki |
Ibhendi ye-pH | 1–14 inert | Ibhande lincike ku-polymer kanye nezinga lokushisa |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | Ra < 0.8 µm | Njengoba kubunjwe, ngokuvamile kumahhadlahhadla |
Ukuhlolwa kodonga | Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi ye-1500 V DC ngepuleti ngalinye | Ukubona nokujiya kodonga kuphela |
Amandla obubanzi obujwayelekile | Ububanzi obukhulu, kufika ku-60,000 m³ ithangi elilodwa | Kulinganiselwe njengoba ububanzi bukhula |
Ukuqinisa | Amabhawodi e-8.8-grade kanye namajoyinti ane-gasket | Izinto zokuxhuma ezihlangene noma ezixhunyiwe |
Indlela yokunweba | Engeza amaphaneli, phakamisa igobolondo noma engeza ithangi lesibili | Akusebenzi |
Isikhathi sokuphila somklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | Kufushane, umjikelezo wokushintsha uhleliwe |
Indlela yokwehluleka | Ukuhlukana noma umgodi omncane, kokubili kuyahlolwa | Ukuqina, ukukhasa, ukuncipha kancane kancane |
Ukukhetha ngomthetho ocacile
Ukuhlolwa okuthathu kuyanquma, futhi okwesithathu ngokuvamile kuyisinqumo. Okokuqala, umthamo nobubanzi — ngaphansi cishe kwamashumi ambalwa amamitha ayikhyubhu encikweni engenabungozi, ipulasitiki iyakholeka; ngaphezu kwalokho kuthatha ithangi le-enamel eliboshwe ngamabhawudi. Okwesibili, ikhemistri nezinga lokushisa — uma uketshezi luhlala ngaphakathi kwebhendi elishiwoyo le-polymer ngesikhala esengeziwe, ipulasitiki iyamukeleka; ngaphandle kwalokho, noma ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, indawo ye-enamel ayisebenzi ku-pH 1 kuya ku-14 futhi iyanqoba. Okwesithathu, impilo yokuklama kanye nendlela yokukhula — uma impahla kufanele ihlale amashumi eminyaka, yamukele uhlelo lokuhlola futhi ingase ikhule, ithangi le-enamel eliboshwe ngamabhawudi liyithuluzi elifanele kanti elipulasitiki liyinto esetshenziswayo eqedwayo. Lapho umsebenzi kuwukugcina amanzi ajwayelekile, indawo yokugcina yomlilo noma amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, i-Center Enamel ihlinzeka umndeni we-enamel ngokuhambisana ne-NSF/ANSI 61 kanye ne-WRAS lapho kusebenza ukuthintana namanzi okuphuzwayo.
Isimo Somsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi elikhulu eliboshwe ngamabhawudi elinobubanzi obukhulu | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | Ukuhlinzeka nokuqondisa |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuqeda umlilo, amathangi amabili | ISichuan, eChina | Ithangi le-GFS | 8,930 m³ (amathangi amabili, cishe u-19.87 m ububanzi ngo-14.4 m) | Ukuhlinzeka nokuhlanganisa endaweni |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuphuza | I-Indonesia | Ithangi le-GFS | 21,099 m³ (cishe u-42.04 m ububanzi ngo-15.2 m) | Ukunikezwa kwamanzi aphuzwayo |
Amathangi amanzi angcolile ezimbonini | Xinjiang, China | Amathangi e-GFS | 30,469 m³ kumasethi angama-27 | Ukulethwa kwezimboni ngamathangi amaningi |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okufuywa kwezinhlanzi | Shandong, China | Ithangi le-GFS | Cishe u-10.7 m ububanzi ngo-2.4 m | Ukunikezwa kwesevisi yokufuya izinhlanzi zasolwandle |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina izinto aboshwe ngezibophezelo. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ukulinganisa okuthembekile kuyingxenye yalokho: lokhu kuqhathaniswa phakathi kwamathangi e-GFS namathangi epulasitiki kunikezwa njengethuluzi lokukhetha izinto, futhi lapho ipulasitiki iyimpendulo efanele ngempela yomkhumbi omncane ongenabungozi, ukubuyekezwa kobunjiniyela okufanayo kuzokusho lokho esikhundleni sokuphusha ithangi lensimbi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Kunini lapho ithangi lepulasitiki liyisinqumo esifanele ngaphezu kwe-GFS?
A1: Ezingeni elincane loketshezi oluhambisana nalo emfuthweni womoya osemkhathini, lapho isikhathi sokusebenza esilindelekile sifushane futhi indawo ingeke ithwale isisekelo esindayo. Ngaphansi kwalezo zimo iplastiki ishibhile futhi ilula futhi umehluko kukhemistri yendawo awuvamisile ukubaluleka.
Q2: Ingabe iplastiki imelana nanoma yini i-enamel engakwazi ukuyimelana nayo?
A1: Amanye ama-organic nama-solvent, yebo, ngaphakathi kwebhendi yokuhambisana echaziwe ye-polymer. I-enamel ayinayo i-organic futhi ayisebenzi ku-pH 1 kuya ku-14, ngakho-ke ayinawo umkhawulo ofanayo wekhemistri, kodwa iwumkhiqizo womshini futhi ayikwazi ukubhekana nokushaywa ngendlela igobolondo le-polymer elingakwazi ngayo.
Umbuzo 3: Yikuphi okuhlala isikhathi eside?
Impendulo 1: Ithangi le-enamel lilinganiselwa eminyakeni engama-30 noma ngaphezulu ngaphansi kokusebenza okujwayelekile, linendlela zokwehluleka ezihlolwayo kanye nemibhalo yepuleti ngalinye. Ithangi lepulasitiki linesikhathi esifushane sokushintshwa esihleliwe futhi lihluleka kancane kancane ngenxa yokonakala kwe-UV, ukukhasa kanye nokuncipha kodonga.
Umbuzo 4: Ingabe ithangi lepulasitiki lingakhuliswa kamuva?
Impendulo 1: Cha ngomqondo osebenzayo. Ithangi le-enamel eliboshiwe lingandiswa ngokwengeza amaphaneli, ukuphakamisa igobolondo noma ukufaka ithangi lesibili, okuvamise ukuba yisici esinqumayo esivuna insimbi kunoma yisiphi isiza lapho umthamo uzokhula khona.
Umbuzo 5: Intengo iqhathaniswa kanjani?
A1: Ipulasitiki linentengo ephansi kakhulu yokuthenga nge-cubic metre ngamanani amancane, futhi igebe liyancipha njengoba umthamo ukhuphuka ngoba isitsha esibunjiwe asikwazi ukukhula. Qhathanisa izindleko ezifakiwe nge-cubic metre phakathi nokuphila komklamo, kufaka phakathi isisekelo, izinto zokufaka kanye nomjikelezo wokushintshwa.
Q6: Ingabe amathangi e-GFS asezingeni lokudla?
A1: Yebo, lapho umsebenzi ukudinga khona. Ingaphezulu le-enamel alinayo imiphumela futhi libushelelezi ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra, futhi ukuhambisana ne-FDA, LFGB, NSF/ANSI 61 kanye ne-WRAS kuyatholakala. I-resin yepulasitiki esezingeni lokudla iyingxoxo ehlukile yokuhambisana enemikhawulo yayo yokufuduka.
Q7: Yini okufanele ngiyihlole ngaphambi kokukhetha?
A1: Izilinganiso ezintathu: ivolumu edingekayo kanye nobubanzi, ikhemistri yoketshezi kanye nezinga lokushisa uma kuqhathaniswa nebhendi eshiwo yento ngayinye, kanye nokuphila komklamo kanye nokuthi ingabe ithangi lizodinga ukukhula. Lezi zintathu zixazulula ukuqhathanisa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthanda komphakeli.
Ukufaniswa kwethangi lensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi nethangi lepulasitiki ukufaniswa kwamathuluzi amabili ahlukene. Ipulasitiki ishibhile, ilula futhi yanele emanzi amancane oketshezi oluhambisanayo ngengcindezi yomoya; insimbi ye-enamel ehlanganisiwe iyisakhiwo samanzi amakhulu, amakhemikhali anolaka kanye neminyaka yokusebenza, enendawo engasebenzi kusukela ku-pH 1 kuya ku-14, uhlelo lokuhlola olubhalisiwe lweplati ngayinye kanye nendlela yokwanda yangempela. Yahlulele ngezindleko zokufaka nge-cubic metre ngayinye esikhathini sokuphila komklamo hhayi ngentengo yento eyodwa, futhi impendulo efanele ngokuvamile iyaziveza.
Khuluma nonjiniyela
Sithumelele uketshezi kanye nekhemistri yalo kanye nezinga lokushisa, umthamo odingekayo kanye nobubanzi obukhona, isikhathi sokuphila esilindelekile somklamo, ukuthi ithangi lizodinga ukukhula yini, kanye nezimo zendawo ezihlanganisa inhlabathi nesithwathwa. Sizobuyisela ukuqhathaniswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezizathu, isilinganiso sezindleko nge-cubic metre ngayinye phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwempahla, imfuneko yesisekelo kanye nesethi yemibhalo. Uthola ukuqhathaniswa ngisho noma kungavuni ithangi lensimbi, ngaphandle kwesibopho futhi ngaphandle kocingo lokuthengisa.
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