Umenzi WaseShayina Wamatangi Kagesimende Ensipho-khongolile
Kwadalwa ngo 02.02
Umkhiqizi waseChina Wamathangi Endle Ensimbi Engagqwali
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) ikhiqiza amathangi okugcina indle ekhishwe ngensimbi engagqwali ku-304 kanye ne-316L okugcina indle eluhlaza nendle elungisiwe, kanye namathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel lapho i-chemistry ivumela khona. I-agent yokugqwala elawulayo i-hydrogen sulfide evela oketshezini nasekhanda laso, ehlasela i-304 kalula futhi yenza i-316L ibe yisicaciso esivamile sendle eluhlaza; i-chloride evela emanzini esizeni kanye nokudonswa komfula noma ogwini yenza okufanayo. Amathangi angamathangi e-atmospheric noma asebenza ngengcindezi ephansi ye-gauge. Lapho igesi iqoqwa khona isembozo siyisistimu yengcindezi ephansi ebanjwe ngaphakathi kuka-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa, futhi ithangi lihlala liyithuluzi le-atmospheric.
Ukugcinwa kwendle yindima engakhululekile kakhulu embonini yamanzi: uketshezi luthwala izinto eziqinile ezihlala phansi, indawo engaphezulu ithwala i-hydrogen sulfide ehlasela insimbi, futhi izinga liyashintsha njalo ngehora nosuku. Inkinga yesicaciso ukuthi into egqwalayo ayikho kuketshezi oluningi kodwa isendaweni yegesi engaphezulu kwayo, okusho ukuthi udonga olusengozini enkulu yilolo okungekho muntu oluhlolayo kuze kube yilapho ithangi selikhishwa. Umshicileli ozinze e-China obuza ngomthwalo we-sulfide nokuhlelwa kwesembozo ngaphambi kokusho intengo ye-alloy ukutshela okuthile okusizayo mayelana nendlela umkhumbi ozocaciswa ngayo.
I-Sulfide ne-chloride yizona zinto ezimbili
I-headspace yiyona eyenza umonakalo omningi. I-Hydrogen sulfide ivela endlini yangasese eluhlaza futhi, ethangini elimboziwe, iqoqana e-headspace futhi ihlasela izindawo ezimanzi nezichayeke emhwamukeni wensimbi, ngaphansi kophahla kanye nazo zonke izinto ezifakiwe. I-304 stainless imelana nayo kancane kakhulu kune-316L, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwendlini yangasese eluhlaza yilapho ukukhokhelwa kwe-alloy kuvame ukuthethelelwa khona. I-Chloride ifika ngokwehlukile — isuka emfuleni noma emanzini asogwini, isuka kusawoti womgwaqo ohlelweni lokuqoqa lukamasipala, noma emanzini asendaweni uqobo — futhi igxila ngokuhwamuka endaweni yomoya namanzi, okuyindawo yokuqala yokwehluleka eyindabuko. Lapho umfudlana uwudoti kamasipala ohlanjululwe onesulfide encane futhi ungenawo i-chloride, futhi udonga olugcotshiwe lwamukeleka ngenxa yezindleko, ithangi lensimbi eline-enamel yengilazi encibilikisiwe alinakho ukusabela ku-pH 1 kuya ku-14 futhi liyimpendulo enomnotho; lapho i-sulfide inkulu, i-alloy ithola izindleko zayo.
Indle yenhlanzeko eluhlaza uma iqhathaniswa namanzi angcolile ahlanjululwe
Amasevisi amabili anezincazelo ezihlukene. Indle yendle ehlanzekile ithwala izinto eziqinile, ngakho ithangi lidinga phansi elithambekele ku-scraper noma eligcinwa lihlanjululwa ngokugeleza, futhi indawo yokuphuma akufanele ivinjwe. Futhi ikhiqiza i-sulfide eyenza ukugqwala. Amanzi angcolile asetshenzisiwe noma indle ehlalisiwe iwuketshezi olumnene kakhulu, eduze namanzi angcolile ajwayelekile, futhi inkinga yokugqwala iba i-chloride nezinhlayiya ezincibilikile esikhundleni se-sulfide. Ukuhlukanisa uhlelo lwamathangi ngale ndlela — ukugcinwa kwendle ehlanzekile ku-alloy, ukugcinwa kwendle ehlanjululiwe ku-enamel noma ku-304 kuye nge-chloride — ngokuvamile iyimpendulo eshibhile futhi evikelekile, futhi iyimpikiswano umkhiqizi omuhle okufanele akwazi ukuyichaza esikhundleni sempendulo yokuthi isisombululo esisodwa sisebenza kukho konke.
Izindlela zokwehluleka eziqondene namathangi endlanzeko
Ukugqwala emgqeni wamanzi, ukungcola phansi, kanye nomhlangano wesembozo. Ukuncipha okulinganayo akusona isiphambeko esithakazelisayo kula mathangi; ukugqwala okugxilile emgqeni wamanzi, lapho ukuhwamuka kugxilisa khona usawoti osuselwa ku-sulfide kanye ne-chloride, yikona okuyisiphambeko. Ngaphansi, izinto eziqinile ezihlala phansi zigcina ifilimu emanzi phansi nasodongeni olungezansi, okuyisisusa samaphunga kanye neseli lokugqwala. Phezulu, umhlangano wesembozo yilapho i-gasket iguga khona nalapho i-vent eyayilinganiswe sengathi ithangi livaliwe ekugcineni iphuma khona. Endleleni ye-enamel, izinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo zokwehluleka ziyasebenza njengakuyo yonke indawo emndenini — ukuhlukaniswa emgqeni wokuhlangana kwe-fusion lapho igobolondo liphoqelelwa ukuba lingabi yindilinga, kanye nokwakheka kwezimbobo ezincane ezivela ekushayweni ngesikhathi sokuphatha — futhi zombili zihlolwa nge-1500 V DC spark testing kulo lonke ipuleti elihlanganisiwe ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.
Isembozo, igesi kanye nombuzo wengcindezi
Ithangi lendle elivaliwe liba yinkinga yokuphathwa komoya negesi. Lapho ukulawulwa kwephunga noma ukuqoqwa kwegesi kudingeka khona, isivalo siyisivalo esisetshenziswa emkhunjini womoya osemazingeni aphansi noma we-gauge pressure, hhayi umngcele wengcindezi. Idome eliqinile le-aluminium elibhekiselwa ku-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650 elinomthwalo womoya neqhwa ovela ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10 libhekana nesimo sezulu nemfucumfucu; isivalo se-membrane ezimbili sibhekana nokuqoqwa kwegesi, kanti isikhala segesi sigcinwa ngaphakathi kwe-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa envelope yi-valve yokukhipha ingcindezi kanye ne-flame arrestor. Noma ngabe yikuphi, i-vent kufanele ilinganiswe ukuze ikwazi ukuphefumula, futhi lapho kukhiqizwa i-biogas khona, i-relief, i-flare noma i-gas train kanye ne-flame arrestor kufanele kubuyekezwe nohlobo lwesivalo. Ukucacisa isivalo ngaphandle kohlangothi lwegesi yindlela ithangi lendle eliba isikhalo sephunga esikhundleni sokuba yinkinga yobunjiniyela.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Note |
Impahla yogobolondo | 316L / 304 insimbi engagqwali | 316L yendle eluhlaza nesevisi ye-sulfide |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | 2B / pickled | Kukhethwe ngokuhlanzeka ngezidingo zokuhlola |
Ukwakhiwa | Amaphaneli ashiselwe noma aboshiwe | Okuboshiwe kuvumela ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi nokwandiswa |
Ubukhulu bephaneli lodonga | 3–12 mm ngokwedizayini | Kuhlelwe ngokobude |
Ukuhlolwa ngemuva kokushisela | RT / PT njengoba kuvunyelwene | Ekwenziweni okushiselwe |
Ikilasi lengcindezi | Umoya / igeji eliphansi | Akusona umngcele wengcindezi |
Ukubopha ngezibhawodi | Izibhawodi zezinga le-8.8 | Emzileni obhawodiwe |
Igesi | I-EPDM elinganiselwe kumakhemikhali esikhala segesi | Shintsha ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa |
Inkomba yophahla | AWWA D108 / API 650 | I-envelope enezinhlangothi ezimbili ±3–5 kPa lapho kuqoqwa khona igesi |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | Inkonzo yokugcina indle ngendlela evamile |
Ukukala kanye nomjikelezo wokusebenza
Amathangi endlayo anobukhulu obususelwa kujika lwansuku, hhayi esilinganisweni sokugeleza. Ukugeleza kwasekhaya kunephethini ebonakalayo — iziqongo ezimbili noma ezintathu ngosuku, umgodi wasebusuku — futhi ithangi lokugcina elikulinganisa lidinga umthamo ongaphansi kwejika, hhayi ongaphansi kwesilinganiso. Imifudlana yezimboni icishe ibe yisicaba kodwa inamandla kakhulu kwi-sulfide nokulayisha. Uma umthamo ususethiwe, hlola ukuhlelwa kokukhipha: ithangi elikhipha phansi ligcina izinto eziqinile zihamba kodwa lingagunda; ithangi elikhipha phakathi lishiya udaka oluzinze ukuba lwakheke. Qinisekisa ukuthi ithangi lizombozwa yini, ngoba ithangi lelindle elingahlanjululwanga lilahlekelwa umthamo osebenzayo ngenxa yesikhala segesi futhi lidinga ububanzi obukhulu bokulawula izinga. Futhi qinisekisa umjikelezo wokukhipha, ngoba ithangi elingavamile ukukhiphwa lingumkhiqizi we-sulfide hhayi isitsha sokugcina.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lokugcina lamanzi endlayo likamasipala | Czech Republic | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 647 m³ | Ukunikezwa okungagqwali kwensimbi yesevisi yamanzi angcolile |
Ithangi lokugcina imfucuza yendwangu | Tunisia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 846 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwensimbi engagqwali yomsebenzi wamanzi angcolile |
Ithangi lomsebenzi wamanzi | Malaysia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 815 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwensimbi engagqwali yomsebenzi wamanzi |
Amathangi amanzi angcolile kamasipala | Sichuan, China | Amathangi e-GFS | 17,420 m³ kuwonkana amathangi ayi-10 | Uhlelo lomasipala lwamathangi amaningi |
Amathangi amanzi angcolile ezimbonini | Xinjiang, China | Amathangi e-GFS | 30,469 m³ kuwonkana amathangi angama-27 | Ukulethwa kwezimboni ngamathangi amaningi |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela Lokufaka Koqweqwe Lwangaphakathi
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina izinto aboshwe ngezibophezelo. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Kumsebenzi wendle nogesi lokungcola lokhu kuhlanganisa amathangi angenasici e-316L ne-304 kanye namathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi eqinisiwe, kanye nengxabano yesulfide ne-chloride, ububanzi bokusingathwa kwekhava negesi, kanye nemibhalo yokuhlola enikezwa umkhiqizi wamathangi endle angenasici wase-China.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe i-316L iyadingeka emsebenzini wendle?
Impendulo 1: Endle eluhlaza, ngokuvamile yebo. I-hydrogen sulfide iphuma iye esikhaleni sakhona futhi ihlasela i-304 kalula, kanti i-chloride evela ohlelweni lokuqoqa ihlangana emgqeni wamanzi. Lapho umfudlana uwukungcola okucutshunguliwe okune-sulfide ephansi, i-304 noma ithangi lengilazi eliqinisiwe lingase lanele.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe ithangi linomfutho?
A1: Cha. Amathangi endle ayizinto ezingaphansi komfutho womoya noma womfutho ophansi. Lapho kuqoqwa khona igesi, isembozo esinezinhlangothi ezimbili sihamba ngaphakathi kwe-envelope engu-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa ene-valve yokukhipha umfutho kanye ne-flame arrestor; ithangi alilona unqenqema lomfutho.
Q3: Yini inkinga enkulu yokugqwala ethangini lendle?
A1: I-hydrogen sulfide esendaweni yekhanda ihlangene ne-chloride egxilwa ngokuhwamuka endaweni yokuhlangana komoya namanzi. Ukuhlasela kwenzeka endaweni ethile kulelo bhande hhayi ngokufana, ngakho ikhosi ephezulu nengaphansi kophahla kuvame ukubonakala kubi kakhulu kunaphansi ngesikhathi sokuhlola.
Umbuzo 4: Ngabe ngidinga isembozo?
Impendulo 1: Uma ukulawulwa kwephunga noma ukuqoqwa kwegesi kudingeka, yebo — futhi uhlangothi lwegesi kufanele lucaciswe kanye nalo. Idome eliqinile le-aluminium elihambisana ne-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650 libhekana nesimo sezulu nemfucumfucu; isembozo se-membrane ezimbili sibhekana nokuqoqwa kwegesi. Ithangi elingavaliwe liyindaba yephunga.
Umbuzo 5: Ngabe ithangi lendle lingaboshwa ngezibophezelo?
Impendulo 1: Yebo. Ithangi eliboshwe ngezibophezelo lisebenzisa amaphaneli alungiselelwe efektrihi anezibophezelo ze-8.8 kanye nomgogodla one-gasket, ngakho ingaphakathi lingavulwa ukuze kuhlolwe udonga olungcolile futhi ithangi lingandiswa noma lengezwe kamuva. I-gasket idinga ukulinganiswa kwayo kwamakhemikhali.
Umbuzo 6: Ithangi likalwa kanjani?
Impendulo 1: Kusukela kujika lokugeleza kwansuku zonke — umthamo ongaphansi kwejika, hhayi isilinganiso. Bese uqinisekisa ukuphakama kokudonswa kanye nokuthi izinto eziqinile zizohlala phansi, ngoba ithangi elidonsa phakathi nendawo lishiya udaka lukhula phansi.
Umbuzo 7: Yimiphi imibhalo edingekayo?
Impendulo 1: Kokungagqwali, isitifiketi sesigayo, umbiko wokuqedwa kwendawo kanye namarekhodi okuhlolwa kokushisela. Endleleni ye-enamel, irekhodi lokuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngepuleti ngalinye kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-enamel. Engeza izitifiketi ze-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001 kanye nencazelo ye-gasket.
Amathangi endlayo acaciswa ngesikhala sawo segesi kanye nangoketshezi lwawo. I-sulfide iphoqa i-alloy ukuba ibe yi-316L, i-chloride igxila emgqeni wamanzi, futhi ukuhlelwa kwesembozo nokuphathwa kwegesi kunquma ukuthi ithangi liyimpahla noma isikhalazo. Isevisi eluhlaza uma iqhathaniswa neyelashiwe ihlukanisa uhlelo ngokunengqondo phakathi kwe-alloy ne-enamel. Faka ijika lokugeleza, umthwalo we-sulfide kanye nesidingo sesembozo embuzweni ngaphambi kokuba kukhethwe i-alloy, futhi incazelo izozithethela ngokwayo ngokusekelwe kudatha.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele uhlobo lwendle nemandla ayo, iphethini yokugeleza kwansuku zonke nesikhathi sokubamba esidingekayo, ukuthi umfudlana uluhlaza noma usuhlanziwe, umthwalo we-sulfide uma unawo, noma iyiphi i-chloride esekuhlinzekweni, nokuthi ingubo noma ukuqoqwa kwegesi kuyadingeka. Sizobuyisela isincomo se-alloy kanye nesizathu, ukuqhathanisa okumboziwe ne-alloy, ukubalwa kosayizi ngokubuyekezwa kwengubo ne-vent, kanye nesethi yemibhalo. Ubunjiniyela kuqala, akunasibopho, futhi akukho kufona kokuthengisa kuze kube yilapho ukucaciswa sekuphelele.
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