Umenzi Wama-Tank Ezingxenye Zokwelapha Zensimbi Engagqwali Yase-China
Kwadalwa ngo 01.21
Umkhiqizi Wamathangi Ezemithi Ngensimbi Engagqwali YaseShayina
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) yakha amathangi ezemithi nge-304 kanye ne-316L stainless steel okwamanzi omjovo, ama-buffer kanye nokugcinwa koketshezi olumsulwa, kanti i-316L ivamise ukucaciswa kuma-WFI kanye nokusebenza kwezinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Ukucaciswa kuncike ekuqedeni kwendawo engaphezulu kanye nokuma kwayo kunezindonga eziwugqinsi: ingaphakathi elibushelelezi, elenziwe i-passivation elinendawo egelezayo ngokuphelele futhi elingenazo izindawo ezingasebenzi yilokho okufanele kukhonjiswe yiphakethe lokuqinisekisa. Imibhalo — isitifiketi se-mill, umbiko wokuqedwa, irekhodi le-passivation, ukuhlolwa kokushisela kanye nokungalingani kwendawo engaphezulu — yikho okukhipha ithangi lezemithi, hhayi isitsha ngokwaso.
Ithangi lemithi yokwelapha lithengwa ngemibhalo futhi lithethelelwa ngokuhlanjululwa. Unjiniyela wenqubo uyazi umthamo, isazi samagciwane siyazi umkhawulo we-endotoxin, futhi iqembu lokuqinisekisa lifuna indawo engaphezulu abangakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi ihlanzeka futhi ihlale ihlanzekile, ngendawo engaphezulu engeke ikhiphe izinhlayiyana zingene emkhiqizweni ongakwazi ukuzibekezelela. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha kuwumugqa wokuqala walokho kusetshenziswa — i-316L iyingxubevange evamile — kodwa ukuqedwa, imithungo kanye nokuma komumo kuthwala isisindo. Umkhiqizi okuqondayo lokhu uzobuza ngendawo engaphezulu kanye nokudonsa kwamanzi ngaphambi kokubuza ngobubanzi.
Ingxubevange namanzi okufanele iwabambe
I-WFI kanye ne-pure steam condensate yenza i-316L ibe yikho okusetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile, futhi kunesizathu esizwakalayo. Amanzi okumnika umjovo (Water for injection) anolaka ku-stainless ngomqondo wokuthi awawuqhubi kahle ukushisa futhi akhipha kakhulu ama-ion endaweni engaphelele; awagcini izinsalela eziningi kodwa afaka noma yini ewuthwalayo, yingakho kucaciswa i-alloy yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu enekhabhoni encane kanye nendawo ebushelelezi. I-316L iphinda ibhekane ne-chloride efika ngama-agent okuhlanza namanzi asetshenziswayo. Lapho umsebenzi kuwukubhafa nje noma uketshezi olumsulwa olungadingi kakhulu, i-304 iyamukeleka futhi ishibhile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lokuqhathanisa, lapho umsebenzi uwukuhlanzeka okuphezulu ngempela futhi kungekho coating engavunyelwa, i-alloy ilungile futhi udonga olune-coating aluyona indlela — okuphambene nezinhlelo eziningi zamanzi, lapho indawo ye-fused enamel iyimpendulo engabizi futhi engangenisi lutho.
Ukuqedwa kwendawo kuyidokhumenti yokuqinisekisa
Inombolo yokuqedwa futhi iyinombolo yesikhathi sokuhlanza kanye nenombolo yokukhiqizwa kwezinhlayiyana. Ukucaciswa kwezokwelapha ngokuvamile kudinga ingaphakathi elikhazimuliswe nge-electropolished noma elikhazimuliswe ngomshini ku-316L, ngobukhulu obulinganisiwe obubikiwe kunokuba buqinisekiswe. Ukuqabuka okuphansi kusho ukuthi umkhiqizo nesixazululo sokuhlanza kuthinta indawo engafaki izinsalela kuma-micro-geometries, futhi kusho ukuthi ungqimba lwe-passivation luhlanganisa indawo ngokulingana kunokuba lihlale phezu kwensimbi egxilile. Okubalulekile ngokulinganayo yilokho okuhambisana nombiko wokuqedwa: irekhodi le-passivation elibonisa ukwelashwa nge-asidi nomphumela walo, amarekhodi okushisela abonisa ukuthi imishwele yagaywa yaba ukuguquka okubushelelezi ngaphandle komsika ekhoneni, kanye namapharamitha e-pickle noma e-electropolish. Leyo micwango yilokho iqembu lokuqinisekisa elikwamukelayo ngesimangalo sendawo.
Ijiyometri yenza okungaphezu kwento esetshenziswayo
Ukuhlelwa kwangaphakathi kunquma ukuthi ukuhlanza endaweni kuhlanza ngempela yini. Awekho ama-dead legs endaweni yokuphuma — isampuli yokuthatha amanzi ebona uketshezi olumile iba yindawo yokuhlala ama-biofilm futhi ibe yinkinga ejwayelekile yohlelo lonke. Iphansi eligelezela ngokuphelele endaweni yokuphuma, ukuze kungabi namanzi asele azophinde afakwe amagciwane phakathi kwamaqoqo. Izinto zokuxhuma ezinhlanzekile kanye nezinto zokugcoba ezilinganiselwe umusi kanye namakhemikhali omkhiqizo, njengoba ukugcoba kuyinto kuphela engeyona insimbi esitsheni futhi kuyinto evame kakhulu ukushintshwa. Futhi akukho kuxhuma kwangaphakathi okusitha ibhola lokufafaza, ngoba indawo engahlanziwe iyindawo engaqinisekisiwe. Lezi yizinto zokuklama ngokulandelana kwasekuqaleni; ukuzifaka esitsheni esivele siqediwe kusho ukusika nokuphinda ushisele ingaphakathi elicwebezelisiwe, okuyinto ebizayo futhi enzima ukuyiqinisekisa.
Izindlela zokwehluleka ekusetshenzisweni kwezemithi
Ukugqwaleka, i-biofilm kanye nemifantu yokushisela kuyizinto ezintathu ezivela emiphumeleni yocwaningo. Ukugqwaleka kuqala lapho i-chloride igxila khona — emgqeni wamanzi, ngaphansi kwethonsi elisalelayo, noma ngaphansi kwento eyayigcine umswakama odongeni — futhi kubi kakhulu endaweni emangelengele kunendawo ebushelelezi, ngoba umgqwali ngokwawo uwumfantu okhulayo. I-biofilm ukwehluleka kwebhayoloji futhi ilandela ukuma okungagelezi kanye nanoma iyiphi indawo engafinyeleleki kuyo isifutho se-CIP. Imifantu yokushisela ivela emishiselweni engazange igaywe ibe nokushintsha okubushelelezi noma engangeni ngokugcwele, futhi ayibonakali kuze kube yilapho indwangu yokuthambisa noma ukuhlolwa ngokubona endaweni yokuphuma kuyithola. Endleleni ye-enamel, okubili okufanayo ukuhlukaniswa endaweni yokuhlanganisa okuvela egobolondweni eligwegwile, kanye nokukhula kwembobo encane okuvela ekushayweni, kokubili okubanjwa ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi ye-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Impahla yegobolondo | 316L / 304 insimbi engagqwali | 316L ye-WFI kanye nokusebenza kwezinga eliphezulu lokuhlanzeka |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | I-electropolished / ipholishiwe, i-Ra ephansi | Kusekelwa umbiko wokhahlelo olulinganisiwe |
I-passivation | I-acid passivation, eqoshiwe | Kudingeka efayeleni lokuqinisekisa |
Ijiyometri yangaphakathi | Iphansi elikhipha wonke amanzi, akukho zindlela ezingasebenzi | Kunquma ukusetshenziswa kokuhlanza endaweni |
Imithungo | Igudlisiwe phansi, igcwele ngokuphelele | Ihloliwe futhi yaqoshwa |
Ukwakha | Amaphaneli ahlanganiswe ngokushisela noma ngokubhawuda | Ukubhawuda kuvumela ukufinyelela ukuze kuhlolwe |
Ukujiya kwephaneli lodonga | 3–12 mm ngokomklamo | Akusiyo ipharamitha elawulayo |
I-gasket | Okwezempilo, kukalwe ngesitimu nomkhiqizo | Okuwukuphela kwengxenye engeyona insimbi |
Enye indlela ye-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm kufakwe ku-820–930 °C | Indlela ye-GFS, hhayi yokuxhumana okuqondile kwekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | Inkonzo yezemithi evamile |
Okufanele kube nakho embuzweni wezemithi
Izinto eziyisithupha zenza impendulo iqhathaniseke futhi ukuqinisekiswa kube lula. Uketshezi kanye nesigaba saso sokuhlanzeka, kuhlanganise nokuthi ingabe insizakalo yi-WFI, i-buffer, umfudlana wokuhlanza ophakathi nendawo noma indawo yokugcina umkhiqizo. Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza nokuthi ingabe inhlanzi noma amanzi ashisayo okubulala amagciwane asemjikelezweni. Isikhathi sokugcina esidingekayo nokuthi ingabe ithangi ligcinwa lingenazo izinto ezingcolile noma lihlanzekile nje. Imfuneko yokuqedwa kanye nokhahlo kanye nokulindelwe kwe-passivation. Indawo yokuphuma, ukuthatha isampula kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-CIP osuvele unakho noma ohlela ukukufaka. Futhi uhlu lwamadokhumenti umklamo ozoqinisekiswa ngawo — isitifiketi sesigayo esine-heat number traceability, umbiko wokuqedwa, irekhodi le-passivation, amarekhodi okuhlolwa kokushisela, kanye nesilinganiso sokukhahlo kwendawo esithathwe ngemva kwe-passivation hhayi ngaphambi kwayo.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lokugcina imfucuza yendwangu | Tunisia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 846 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwensimbi engagqwali yesevisi yemfucuza |
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi angcolile kamasipala | Czech Republic | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 647 m³ | Ukunikezwa ngensimbi engagqwali yokusebenza kwamanzi angcolile |
Ithangi lokusebenza kwamanzi | Malaysia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 815 m³ | Ukunikezwa ngensimbi engagqwali yokusebenza kwamanzi |
Ithangi elikhulu eliboshwe ngezibuthe | Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | Ukuhlinzeka nokugada |
Indawo yokugcina amanzi okuphuza | I-Indonesia | Ithangi le-GFS | 21,099 m³ (cishe ububanzi obungu-42.04 m ngo-15.2 m) | Ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi aphuzwayo |
Amandla Okusebenza Kwe-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) e-China, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Emsebenzini wemithi, lokhu kuhlanganisa amathangi e-316L ne-304 stainless anokuqedwa, i-passivation, i-geometry kanye nesethi yamadokhumenti edingwa iphakethe lokuqinisekisa, ehlinzekwa umkhiqizi wamathangi emithi e-stainless steel wase-China.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Kungani i-316L iyona ezenzakalelayo kumathangi emithi?
A1: Ngoba amanzi okujova kanye ne-condensate emsulwa kuyahlasela ama-alloy ezingeni le-ion futhi ngokuvamile athwala i-chloride evela kuma-agent okuhlanza. I-316L inekhabhoni ephansi kanye ne-molybdenum, imelana nokugqwalwa, futhi ithatha indawo ebushelelezi ngokwanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanzeka.
Q2: Ingabe ukuqedwa kwendawo kudinga ukukalwa?
A1: Kufanele kukalwe ngemuva kwe-passivation futhi kubikwe njengenombolo yobukhulu. Isimangalo sokuqedwa ngaphandle kwenombolo asikwazi ukufakwa kuphakethe lokuqinisekisa, futhi indawo edlulayo ngaphambi kwe-passivation ayiyona indawo isitshalo esizoyisebenzisa ngempela.
Q3: Ingabe ithangi le-enamel elincibilikisiwe lingasetshenziselwa i-WFI?
A1: Cha. Ekuxhumaneni okuqondile kwekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu i-alloy yensimbi iyisinqumo esifanele, ngoba akukho coating engavunyelwa emsebenzini we-WFI. Indlela ye-enamel ihambisana namanzi ajwayelekile kanye nemisebenzi engeyona eyekhwalithi ephezulu lapho udonga olungasebenzi lwanele.
Umbuzo 4: Yini ebangela ukuthi ithangi lemithi lihluleke ekuhlolweni?
Impendulo 1: Izinto ezintathu: isimo esimile esingafinyelelwa ukuhlanza endaweni, ukuphela okumahhadlahhadla okwanele ukubamba i-biofilm, kanye nemiphetho yokushisela engazange igudlulwe yaba bushelelezi futhi yaba yimifantu. Zonke lezi zinto ziyizinqumo zokwakha nokuklama ezibonakala emidwebeni ngaphambi kokwakha.
Umbuzo 5: Kuyini ukwenziwa kwe-passivation futhi kungani kubhalwa phansi?
Impendulo 1: Ukwelashwa nge-asidi okususa i-iron ekhululekile ebusweni futhi kushiye ungqimba lwe-chromium oxide oluvikelayo. Kubhalwa phansi ngoba indawo ephelele, eyenziwe i-passivation yiyo eyamukelwa iqembu lokuqinisekisa, nangoba isilinganiso kufanele sithathwe kuleyo ndawo.
Umbuzo 6: Kushiselwe noma kuboshwe ngezibophezelo ukuze kusetshenziswe emithini?
A1: I-welded iyisinqumo esivamile se-vessel eyinzalo noma ephezulu yokuhlanzeka, ngoba ayinayo i-gasketed joint okufanele ihlanzwe noma iphinde iqiniswe. I-vessel eboshwe nge-bolt ingaba usizo lapho ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi noma ukwanda kwesikhathi esizayo kubalulekile, kodwa yonke i-gasket kufanele ibe yezempilo futhi ilinganiselwe umjikelezo.
Q7: Yimaphi amadokhumenti ahamba nethangi lezemithi?
A1: Isitifiketi se-Mill esine-heat number traceability, umbiko wokuqedwa kwendawo, irekhodi le-passivation, amarekhodi okuhlolwa kokushisela, kanye nesilinganiso sobukhulu be-post-passivation, kanye ne-gasket kanye ne-sanitary fitting specification kanye nezitifiketi ze-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001.
Ithangi lemithi liqinisekiswa ubuso balo kanye nemibhalo yalo kunokuba liqinisekiswe ngevolumu yalo. I-316L iyi-alloy, ukuphela okulinganiselwe nokudluliswa nge-passivation ingaphezulu, kanti ingaphakathi elikhipha kahle konke ngaphandle kwemigudu efile noma isifutho esisemthunzini yikho okwenza ukuhlanza ngaphakathi (clean-in-place) kuqinisekiswe. Ikhwalithi yokushisela kanye nokurekhodwa kwesinyathelo se-passivation yikho okugcina ukugqwala kwendawo kanye nokwakheka kwemifantu kungabikho ohlwini lokuhlolwa. Beka isigaba soketshezi, umjikelezo wokubulala amagciwane kanye nohlu lwemibhalo yokuqinisekisa phambi komkhiqizi, bese incazelo yokucaciswa izibhala yona ngokwayo.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumelele uketshezi kanye nesigaba saso sokuhlanzeka, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kanye nomjikelezo wokubulala amagciwane, isikhathi sokugcina kanye nokuthi ithangi ligcinwa lingenazo yini izinto ezingcolile, imfuneko yokuqedwa kanye nokugqama, ukuhlelwa kokuphuma kanye ne-CIP, kanye nohlu lwemibhalo yokuqinisekisa. Sizobuyisela isincomo se-alloy kanye nokuqedwa, ukubuyekezwa kwe-geometry kanye nokuhlanjuleka, isiphakamiso sokuhlolwa kwe-passivation kanye nomthungo wokushisela, kanye nesethi ephelele yemibhalo. Ubunjiniyela kuqala, akunasibopho, futhi akukho kufona kokuthengisa kuze kube yilapho iphakethe lokuqinisekisa seliphelele.
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