Umenzi Wezitanki Zokugcina Amakhemikhali Ezingashintshi Zensimbi Ezingashintshi Zase-China
Kwadalwa ngo 01.08
Umkhiqizi Wamathangi Okugcina Amakhemikhali E-Petrochemical Ensimbi Engagqwali YaseChina
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) yakha amathangi okugcina e-petrochemical ensimbi engagqwali ku-304 no-316L okwensimbi yokugcina ekhohlakele ye-hydrocarbon namakhemikhali, kanye namathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel lapho udonga olungasebenzi lwanele khona. I-316L icaciswa lapho kukhona i-chloride, i-sulfide noma i-acid; i-304 ilungele amakhemikhali angakhohlakali kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwethangi kulandela incazelo namakhodi okuvunyelwene ngawo esivumelwaneni, nezinhlelo zophahla ezibhekiswe ku-AWWA D108 ne-API 650 kanye nomoya neqhwa ku-ADM 2015 ne-ASCE 7-10. Amathangi angamathangi omoya noma anengcindezi ephansi ye-gauge, hhayi amathangi engcindezi, ngaphandle uma isivumelwano sisho okunye.
Ukugcinwa kwe-petrochemical kujezisa incazelo ngezindlela ukugcinwa kwamanzi avamile okungakwenzi. Uketshezi lungase lube nomhlabathi ocindezelayo kuze kufike ukungcola bese lukushintsha kube nolaka, isikhala somhwamuko singase sithwale i-chloride noma i-sulfur ehlasela udonga ngaphakathi, futhi uphahla kufanele lubhekane nomsebenzi wokuphefumula kanye, kwezinye izinsizakalo, nemfuneko ye-floating-roof yokubamba ukukhishwa komoya. Ukusho insizakalo, ukungcola kanye nereferensi yokuklama okuvunyelwene ngayo ngokusobala ekuqaleni yikho okugcina lokho kungabi yimpikiswano yokugqwala kamuva. Lokhu futhi kuyisicelo esisodwa lapho umbuzo wokuthi ingabe umkhumbi uyisitsha sokucindezela kufanele uphendulwe esivumelwaneni kunokuba kucatshangwe. Ngakho-ke uhlu olufushane lwakhiwe eduze komkhiqizi wamathangi okugcina e-petrochemical ensimbi engagqwali yase-China okwazi ukubeka isitifiketi se-alloy mill, ireferensi yophahla kanye nesitatimende sesigaba sokucindezela efayeleni elilodwa.
Ukubhala ukucaciswa kwe-petrochemical okuvikekayo
Isicaciso siyimpikiswano mayelana noketshezi nomhwamuko, ngokubhaliwe. Shono umkhiqizo ogciniwe kanye nokuhlukahluka kwawo, ukuba khona kwamanzi, i-chloride, i-sulfide, i-amine, i-caustic noma i-asidi, ububanzi bokushisa okusebenzayo kanye nokuthi ithangi lizoshiswa noma lizopholiswa. Bese usho ukuthi yisiphi isicaciso namakhodi okuvunyelwene ngawo enkontilekeni yomkhumbi, njengoba ithangi le-petrochemical lakhelwe ezingeni okuvunyelwene ngalo hhayi kokuhlinzekwa yindlu. Lapho kucaciswa i-coating noma i-lining, ireferensi ngokuvamile i-AWWA C550 ye-fusion bonded epoxy. Amasistimu ophahla alandela i-AWWA D108 ne-API 650 ngomthwalo womoya neqhwa ovela ku-ADM 2015 ne-ASCE 7-10. Ukucacisa ngakho konke lokhu embuzweni yikho okukhiqiza isilinganiso esifanayo esingaqhathaniswa nesinye esikhundleni semikhumbi emine ehlukene ethulwa njengento eyodwa.
304, 316L kanye nokwenziwa yizinto ezingcolisayo
Ukukhethwa kwe-alloy kulandela ukungcola, futhi isikhala somhwamuko sivame ukuba yisona esihlaselayo. I-304 ihlanganisa isevisi ye-hydrocarbon ne-chemical engahlaseli kakhulu. I-316L iyisinqumo esifanele lapho kuvela i-chloride — kusuka kuma-condensate apholiswa ngamanzi olwandle, kusuka emanzini e-ballast anosawoti, kusuka emifudlaneni ene-asidi equkethe i-HCl — nasezindaweni lapho kukhona i-sulfide noma ukugqwala kwe-sulfidic, okuhlasela i-304 ngokukhethekile. I-chloride iphinde yenze umonakalo wayo endaweni yokuhlangana komoya namanzi, lapho uketshezi luhwamuka khona lushiya usawoti ngemuva, ngakho isigaba esiphezulu kanye nendawo yophahla kuya emgogodleni wethangi le-petrochemical kuvame ukugqwala kakhulu kunaphansi. Lapho umsebenzi uhlanganisa amakhemikhali ahlaselayo ngaphandle kwesidingo se-alloy, ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe ne-glass-fused enamel alinayo i-inert kusuka ku-pH 1 kuya ku-14 futhi livame ukuba yimpendulo enomnotho; lapho umkhiqizo uhlanzekile kakhulu, i-alloy iyisinqumo kuphela esivikelekile.
Umngcele wengcindezi: kushiwo enkontilekeni
Ithangi lokugcina kanye nesitsha sokucindezela kuyizinto ezihlukene zokulethwa, futhi inkontileka iyanquma. Amathangi kulolu hlelo angamathuluzi asemkhathini noma anengcindezi ephansi yokulinganisa. Lapho inqubo ngempela idinga isitsha esicindezelwe, leso sitsha sakhiwe futhi senziwe ngokwendlela ekhodiwe kanye namakhodi okuvunyelwene ngawo enkontilekeni yaleyo nto, futhi siyinto ehlukile yokulethwa kusukela ethangini lokugcina lasemkhathini. Ukuhlanganisa lezi zicabango ezimbili embuzweni owodwa kukhiqiza isilinganiso esingeke sakhiwe ngokwazo zombili. Ngasohlangothini lwasemkhathini, uphahla luyisivalo: idome eliqinile le-aluminium eliya ku-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650 elinomoya neqhwa elivela ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10, noma uphahla oluntantayo lapho ukukhishwa kwesikhala somhwamuko kufanele kubanjwe phansi, kanye nokuvimbela kanye nohlelo lokudonsa amanzi okucaciswe eceleni kwalo.
Izindlela zokwehluleka okufanele ziklanyelwe
Amathangi e-petrochemical ahluleka emgqeni wamanzi, ekuhlanganeni kophahla naphansi. Ukugqwala okufanayo ukona okungathandeki kakhulu; okuthakazelisayo yilokho okugxilile. Ukugqwala okuyizimbobo nemifantu kuqala emaphethelweni emithungo engagqanyiswanga bushelelezi, ezindaweni zokushintsha kwama-nozzle ezakha umgodi wesithunzi, nasekuphumeni lapho amanzi ahleliwe nenhlabathi kuhlangana khona naphansi. I-chloride igxila emgqeni wamanzi ngokuhwamuka, ngakho ibhande elingaphezu nje kwezinga elijwayelekile lincipha kuqala kuyilapho olunye udonga lubonakala luqinile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Endleleni ye-alloy, ikhwalithi yomthungo nokuhlolwa kwangemva komthungo ngakho-ke kubalulekile, hhayi inqubo nje. Endleleni ye-enamel, ukukhathazeka okufanayo ukuyindilinga kwegobolondo — ngoba isisekelo esivumela igobolondo ukuthi liphume endilingweni luthwala umugqa wokuhlanganisa i-enamel nensimbi — kanye nomonakalo wokushaywa ngesikhathi sokuphathwa, yingakho wonke amapuleti ane-enamel ehlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ububanzi | Note |
Impahla yegobolondo | 304 / 316L insimbi engagqwali | 316L yensizakalo ye-chloride, sulfide ne-acid |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | 2B / pickled | Kukhethwa ngomkhiqizo kanye nesidingo sokuhlanzeka |
Ukwakhiwa | Amaphaneli ashiselwe noma aboshiwe | Kushiselwa ukuze kuhlale njalo, kuboshwa ukuze kufinyeleleke |
Ubukhulu bophahla lodonga | 3–12 mm ngokwakhiwa | Kuhlelwa ngokobude, kujiyile phansi |
Ukuhlolwa ngemuva kokushisela | RT / PT njengoba kuvunyelwene | Kubhalwe odoleni olushiselwe |
Ikilasi lengcindezi | I-atmospheric / low gauge, ngokwenkontileka | Kushiwo ngokusobala embuzweni |
Ukubopha ngamabhawodi | Amabhawodi ezinga le-8.8 | Emzileni oboshiwe |
Inkomba yokumboza | AWWA C550 | Lapho kucaciswa i-fusion bonded epoxy |
Inkomba yophahla | AWWA D108 / API 650 | Umoya neqhwa kusuka ku-ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | Inkonzo yokugcina ye-petrochemical evamile |
Ukulethwa, imibhalo kanye nokuhlolwa
I-oda ye-petrochemical ikhishwa ngamadokhumenti, hhayi ngokulethwa. Cela isitifiketi se-mill se-plate esine-heat number elandelekayo, umbiko wokuqedwa kwendawo, inqubo yokushisela kanye namarekhodi okuhlolwa kwe-radiographic noma kwe-penetrant kumayunithi ashiselwe, irekhodi lokwelashwa kokushisa lapho insizakalo ikufuna khona, kanye ne-gasket ne-flange rating yawo wonke ama-nozzle. Emzileni we-enamel, engeza irekhodi lokuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC nge-plate ngayinye, imiphumela yobukhulu be-enamel nokunamathela, kanye nombiko wokungalingani kwendawo. Uhlelo lokuphatha kufanele lube yi-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, futhi isitifiketi somkhiqizo esisohlwini lwe-oda kufanele sihambisane nomsebenzi — i-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS yamanzi okuphuza akubalulekile lapha, kuyilapho i-CE (EN 1090) ne-ISO 28765 kungase kubaluleke kumkhiqizo wesakhiwo. Umhloli okwazi ukulandelela inombolo ye-plate emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa uzogunyaza ithangi; lowo ongakwazi ngeke akhokhe.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi angcolile endwangu | Tunisia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 846 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwensimbi engagqwali yensizakalo yendle |
Ithangi lokugcina lamanzi angcolile kamasipala | Czech Republic | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 647 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwensimbi engagqwali yesevisi yamanzi angcolile |
Ithangi lesevisi yamanzi | Malaysia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 815 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwensimbi engagqwali yesevisi yamanzi |
Ithangi elikhulu eliboshiwe elinobubanzi obukhulu | Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | Ukunikezwa kanye nokuqondisa |
Isitoreji samanzi okuphuza | Indonesia | Ithangi le-GFS | 21,099 m³ (cishe u-42.04 m ububanzi ngo-15.2 m) | Ukunikezwa kwamanzi aphuzwayo |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela Le-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina izinto ahlanganiswe ngamabhawodi. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 afakwe i-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Okokusebenza kwe-petrochemical namakhemikhali lokhu kuhlanganisa amathangi e-stainless 304 no-316L kanye namathangi e-fused enamel glass-fused-to-steel, kanti impikiswano yengxubevange ithathwa kuzinto ezingcolisayo kanye nophahla, ukumboza kanye nobubanzi bokuhlola okuhambisana ne-specification namakhodi okuvunyelwene ngawo enkontilekeni.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ithangi le-petrochemical le-stainless linikezwa njengomkhumbi wengcindezi?
A1: Amathangi okugcina emanzini kulo mndeni angamathuluzi asemkhathini noma anengcindezi ephansi yokulinganisa. Lapho inqubo idinga isitsha esinengcindezi, leso sitsha sakhiwa futhi senziwe ngokuvumelana nezinga namakhodi okuvunyelwene ngawo enkontilekeni yalolo dingo futhi kucashunwa ngokwehlukile. Shono ukuthi yikuphi okuthengayo embuzweni.
Q2: Ngingayifakazela kanjani i-316L ngaphezu kwe-304?
A2: Ngokungcola. I-chloride evela emanzini anosawoti noma emifudlaneni ye-asidi, kanye ne-sulfide, kokubili kuholela ku-316L ene-molybdenum. Umonakalo uhlangana endaweni yokuhlangana komoya namanzi lapho ukuhwamuka kugxilisa khona usawoti, ngakho ikhosi ephezulu ivamise ukubonakala imbi kakhulu kuneyaphansi.
Q3: Yimaphi amazinga asetshenziswayo esitsheni nophahla?
A3: Umkhumbi wakhelwe ngokwencazelo kanye namakhodi okuvunyelwene ngawo enkontilekeni. Izinhlelo zophahla zilandela i-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650 ngomthwalo womoya neqhwa ovela ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10, futhi i-fusion bonded epoxy, lapho kucacisiwe, ilandela i-AWWA C550.
Q4: Kunini lapho i-enamel ingcono kune-alloy emsebenzini we-petrochemical?
A4: Lapho umsebenzi uhlanganisa amakhemikhali anolaka ngaphandle kwesidingo sodonga lwensimbi. Ubuso be-enamel ehlanganisiwe ayisebenzi ku-pH 1 kuya ku-14 futhi ishibhile kakhulu kune-316L; lapho ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu noma isigaba esithile senhlanzeko sisebenza khona, i-alloy ihlala iyisinqumo esifanele.
Q5: Yimiphi imibhalo evumela ukuhlolwa?
A5: Isitifiketi se-mill esine-heat number traceability, umbiko wokuqedwa kwendawo, inqubo yokushisela kanye namarekhodi e-radiographic noma e-penetrant, irekhodi lokwelashwa kokushisa lapho kudingeka khona, kanye ne-gasket kanye ne-flange rating yombhobho ngamunye. Endleleni ye-enamel, irekhodi lokuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngepuleti ngalinye kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-enamel.
Q6: Ingabe uphahla oluntantayo lushintsha ububanzi bethangi?
A6: Yebo. Uphahla oluntantayo ludinga ukuthi isivalo salo, uhlelo lwayo lokukhipha amanzi kanye nezinga layo kanye nokuchayeka emlilweni kucaciswe kanye nethangi, futhi ingaphezulu legobolondo kufanele liklanyelwe lokho. Idome eliqinile le-aluminium eliya ku-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650 iyindlela ehlukile lapho ukulawulwa kokukhishwa komoya kusingathwa ngenye indlela.
Q7: Iyini impilo yokuklama?
A7: Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu noma ngaphezulu ngaphansi kwenkonzo yokugcina evamile. Ukufinyelela lokho emsebenzini we-petrochemical kuncike ekufanisweni kwe-alloy nezinto ezingcolisayo, izinga lokushisela elihlolwayo, kanye nomugqa wamanzi okufinyeleleka kuwo ukuze uhlolwe esikhundleni sokuthi kucatshangwe ukuthi ulungile.
Amathangi okugcina e-petrochemical acaciswa kusukela kuketshezi nendawo yomhwamuko, ukungcola kokubili, kanye nesisekelo somklamo okuvunyelwene ngaso enkontilekeni. I-316L iphendula i-chloride ne-sulfide, i-304 iphendula umsebenzi omnene, kanti indlela ye-fused enamel iphendula ikhemistri enolaka lapho ingxubevange ingadingeki. Umbuzo wengcindezi kufanele ushiwo ngokucacile ukuze uphenyo lungaphendulili ngento okungeyona eyokulethwa, futhi uphahla, i-coating kanye nobubanzi bokuhlola kungaphansi kwedokhumenti efanayo. Beka idatha yomsebenzi kanye nesisekelo senkontileka phambi komkhiqizi ngaphambi kokuba kunqunywe ingxubevange, futhi isicaciso sihlale sihambisana kuzo zonke izivivinyo.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele umkhiqizo ogciniwe kanye nokungcola kwawo, ububanzi bokushisa, ukuthi insizakalo ishisiwe noma ipholile, isigaba sengcindezi esidingekayo, ukucaciswa namakhodi okuvunyelwene ngawo enkontilekeni, imfuneko yophahla, kanye nezinga lokuhlola. Sizobuyisela isincomo se-alloy kanye nezizathu, ukuqhathanisa okuhlanganisiwe ne-alloy, ububanzi bophahla nokumboza, kanye nesethi ephelele yamadokhumenti. Ubunjiniyela kuqala, akunasibopho, futhi akukho kufona kokuthengisa kuze kube yilapho ukucaciswa sekuqediwe.
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