Umenzi WaseShayina WamaSilo Kakhukhunathi Ensini
Kwadalwa ngo 01.29
Umkhiqizi waseChina Wensimbi Engagqwali Yamathangi Ommbila
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) yakha amasilo ombila nge-304 kanye ne-316L insimbi engagqwali engenasici ukuze kugcinwe izinto ezihlanzekile nezinenani eliphezulu, kanye ne-fused enamel glass-fused-to-steel yezinto ezomile ezijwayelekile. Izinqumo ezimbili ezinquma ukusebenza kahle i-floor geometry — isisekelo esicaba esinokukhipha maphakathi uma kuqhathaniswa nesisekelo se-hopper esihambisa insalela ize ifike ku-nil — kanye ne-wall finish, njengoba indawo ye-fused enamel ihla ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra futhi insalela yombila eba yisikhunta nendawo yezinambuzane iyasulwa kuyo. Ukuqoqwa kothuli nokulawulwa komhwamuko kufanele kube se-odini yesilo, futhi isisekelo kufanele sakhelwe noma yikuphi ukwenyuka kobude esikhathini esizayo.
Ukugcinwa kombila kunezici ezintathu ezikuhlukanisa kwezinye izinto ezomileyo ezisetshenziswayo: okusanhlamvu kunenani langempela ngetoni, kuthwala umswakama ophefumulela emkhathini ongenhla, futhi kukhiqiza uthuli olucolekileyo olukhuphuka ngomgudu wokugcwalisa luye phezulu kwisilo wonke umthwalo. Lezo zici ezintathu yizona ezenza ukuthi incazelo ebhalwe ngobuningi bodwa yehluleke ngonyaka wesibili. Insalela esemhlabathini, indlela umswakama obumbana ngayo odongeni kanye nothuli olusemkhathini ongenhla yikho okunquma ukuthi ukulethwa kwesithathu okuphuma esilweni kuhlanzekile njengokokuqala.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwenza ummbila
I-stainless isifaneleka ngenxa yenhlanzeko, inani kanye ne-chloride; i-enamel ngenxa yokonga kanye nokungasebenzi. I-304 stainless ibamba ukugcinwa kombila ojwayelekile lapho i-silo igezwa phakathi kwemikhankaso futhi umbila uqukethe umswakama olinganiselayo. I-316L iyincazelo lapho indawo iseduze nogu, lapho umoya wosawoti uhlala khona odongeni olungaphezulu, noma lapho umbila uselashwe ngesibulala-magciwane esihlasela i-alloy. Kombila ojwayelekile ngesilinganiso esikhulu, i-silo ye-enamel yengilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi iyimpendulo ebiza kancane futhi indawo yayo ayinazinto eziphilayo futhi ayisebenzi kusukela ku-pH 1 kuya ku-14, ngakho ayisebenzi nokumbila futhi ayigcini izinsalela ezikhulisa isikhunta. Kunoma yikuphi, umbuzo ofanele kumkhiqizi awukona ukuthi iyiphi into abayidayisayo, kodwa ukuthi iyiphi inani eligciniwe kanye nenqubo yokuhlanza okufanele kuyo.
Phansi oyisicaba kuqhathaniswa naphansi onehopper yommbila
Lona umfanekiso wokunquma mayelana nensalela enomphumela oyisisekelo. I-silo enomhlabathi oyisicaba ikhipha ngembobo emaphakathi iye ku-conveyor noma emgwaqeni wamandla adonsela phansi, ishibhile ukwakha futhi ilula ngokwesakhiwo, futhi ishiya insalela eshayelwayo okuthi kummbila owomile incane kodwa ingalokothi ibe ngu-zero. Lokho kwamukeleka lapho i-silo igcina uhlobo olulodwa phakathi nomkhankaso owodwa. I-hopper bottom ihosha iye embotsheni eyodwa futhi iqondise insalela ekubeni ngu-nil, okuyimpendulo efanele kummbila wembewu, emsebenzini wezinhlobo eziningi nakuwo wonke isimo lapho umkhondo womthwalo wangaphambili uwukwehluleka kwencazelo — kodwa yengeza ukuphakama kwesisekelo, insimbi yesakhiwo nokuqoqwa kothuli embotsheni yokukhipha. Uma kukhona noma yiliphi ithuba lokuthi i-silo isetshenziselwa imbewu, cacisa i-hopper manje, ngoba ukuguqula iphansi elisicaba kamuva kusho ukuphinda uthele.
Ukufunga nokudonga okufanele kugezwe
Ibhanti elimanzi elingaphezu kombila yilapho ukonakala kuqala khona. Izinhlamvu ezipholiswe ngemva kokomiswa, noma ezifudunyezwa yilanga ngaphansi kophahla olumnyama, ziphefumula umswakama ziwufake endaweni engaphezulu futhi lowo mswakama ujiyela odongeni lwangaphakathi. Udinga olwamukela umthwalo olandelayo ngakho-ke yilona donga olumanzi kakhulu esilweni, yingakho ukuqedwa kubalulekile njengempahla uqobo. Ubuso be-enamel obuhlangene buhlala ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra futhi bugezwa buhlale buhlanzekile ngaphandle kokukhuhla, ngakho insalela yomthwalo wangaphambili iyasuswa kunokuba ibe yimbewu yesikhunta nezinambuzane. Ensimbini engamboziwe lelo bhande lifanayo yilapho ukonakala kuqala khona. Noma yiluphi uhambo olukhethiwe, umthombo wokujiya — izinga lokushisa lezinhlamvu ezomisiwe, ukuvikelwa kophahla, noma isu lokungenisa umoya elivumela indawo engaphezulu ukuthi yome — kufanele kube yingxenye eshiwoyo yomklamo.
Ukuqoqwa kothuli akusiyo into yokungezelelwa
Uthuli lombila luyingozi yothuli oluvuthayo futhi lunqwabelana khona lapho ukuhlolwa kungakwazi ukufinyelela khona. Umlenze wokugcwalisa, izindawo zokudlulisa kanye nomgudu wokuphuma kukhiqiza uthuli; indawo engaphezulu iyaluqoqa. Uma ukukhipha uthuli kungacaciswanga kanye nophahla, kungaba akukho noma kufakwe ngemuva njengendlela eyisivumelwano engasoze yenze kahle. I-oda lesilo kufanele lisho izindawo zokuqoqa uthuli, ukuvalwa komlenze kanye nokukhipha umoya endaweni engaphezulu, futhi uphahla kufanele luhlelwe ukuze isikhuthazi somoya singabi phezu kwendawo egcwele ukungahambi kahle. Njengoba uthuli olufanayo futhi luyinkinga yokuhlanza yomkhankaso olandelayo, isu lokukhipha uthuli kanye nomzila wokugeza kufanele kucatshangelwe ndawonye kunokuba kucatshangelwe ngokwehlukana.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Impahla yeqokwe | 304 / 316L insimbi engagqwali | 316L yesizinda sasogwini noma okusanhlamvu okucutshunguliwe |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | 2B / kucwebezelisiwe | Kukhethwe yisidingo sokuhlanza |
Uhlobo lwaphansi | Phansi oyisicaba noma phansi onehopper | Izinga lokusalela kuqhathaniswa nezindleko zesisekelo |
Ukwakhiwa | Amaphaneli ashiselwe noma aboshiwe | Amaphepha avunyelwe ukunwetshwa nokuhlelwa kabusha |
Ubukhulu bendonga lephansi | 3–12 mm ngokwakhiwa | Kuhlelwa ngokuhambisana nokuphakama |
Ububanzi bephaneli | ~1.2 m | Iphaneli eboshwe ngamabhawodi elungiselelwe efektri |
Enye indlela ye-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm ehlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C | Ayasebenzi, i-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm, i-pH 1–14 |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Ukutholwa kweholide ngephaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Uphahla | Idome ye-Aluminium AWWA D108 / API 650 | Umoya neqhwa kusuka ku-ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | Inkonzo yokugcina ummbila evamile |
Ukukala kanye nesinqumo sobude
Qala ngezinga lokungenisa kanye newindi lokugcina, bese uxazulula ubude kusenesikhathi. Guqula isilinganiso esiphezulu sokungenisa ngamathani ngehora kanye namahora okusebenza ngosuku kube yisisindo samathani esidingekayo, sebenzisa ukuminyana kwengqolobane yombila cishe okungu-720 kg/m³ ukuthola umthamo, bese ukhetha ububanzi nobude ngokuhambisana nephedi kanye nekhreni. Ubude yisilinganiso esiguquguquka kakhulu ku-silo eboshiwe ngoba izingqimba ezengeziwe zingengezwa, kodwa isisekelo asiguquguquki nhlobo: i-ring beam ethululwe ngobude obakhiwe ngeke yamukele i-hopper eyengeziwe ngaphandle kokuphinda ithululwe. Uma imfuneko yokugcina ingakhula ngokukhula kwendawo yokulima, shono lokho ku-oda yokuqala futhi i-ring beam, ukuhlelwa kwe-anchor kanye nohlelo lwamapuleti konke kuklanyelwe lokho ngaphandle kwezindleko ezinkulu.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi angcolile endwangu | Tunisia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 846 m³ | Insimbi engagqwali yokuhlinzeka ngezinsiza zendle |
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi angcolile kamasipala | Czech Republic | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 647 m³ | Insizakalo yensimbi engagqwali yezinsiza zamanzi angcolile |
Ithangi lensizakalo yamanzi | Malaysia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 815 m³ | Insizakalo yensimbi engagqwali yensizakalo yamanzi |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuqeda umlilo, amathangi amabili | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 8,930 m³ (amathangi amabili, ububanzi obungaba ngu-19.87 m nokuphakama okungu-14.4 m) | Ukunikezwa nokuhlanganiswa endaweni |
Ithangi elikhulu eliboshwe ngamabhawodi | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | Ukunikezwa nokuqondisa |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngezibophezelo. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Kumbila kanye nezinto ezomile ezisetshenziswayo lokhu kuhlanganisa amasilo e-stainless steel angu-304 no-316L kanye namasilo e-glass-fused-to-steel e-enamel ehlanganisiwe, kanye nesinqumo sokwakheka kwephansi, isu lokujiya komswakama nothuli, kanye nemvume yokunwetshwa enikezwa umkhiqizi waseShayina wamasilo ombila e-stainless steel.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q1: Ingabe isilo sommbila kufanele senziwe ngensimbi engagqwali noma ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi?
A1: Kuncike enanini nasekhemistri yokusanhlamvu. Lapho inhlanzeko phakathi kwemikhankaso kanye nesivuno senani eliphezulu kufaneleka i-alloy, i-304 noma i-316L ilungile. Kumbila ojwayelekile, isilo se-enamel ehlanganisiwe asinayo i-react, sibushelelezi ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra futhi sishibhe kakhulu.
Q2: Iyiphi i-geometry yaphansi efanele ummbila?
A2: Isisekelo esicaba esinokukhipha maphakathi sishibhe futhi sishiya insalela encane eshanelwayo, okufanele isilo somkhankaso wohlobo olulodwa. Isisekelo se-hopper siqondisa insalela cishe ku-nil futhi siyisinqumo esifanele kumbila yembewu noma ukusetshenziswa kwezigaba eziningi, ngezindleko zokuphakama okwengeziwe kanye nokuqoqwa kothuli lokuphuma.
Q3: Yini ebangela ukubola phezulu kwesilo sommbila?
A3: Ukujiya. Izinhlamvu ezibandayo ngemva kokomiswa noma ezifudunyezwe yilanga zikhipha umswakama ziwufake esikhaleni esingaphezulu bese uhla phezu kodonga lwangaphakathi, okuyindawo ethintwa umthwalo olandelayo. Udonga olubushelelezi olugezekayo kanye nohlelo lokungenisa umoya oluvumela isikhala esingaphezulu ukuthi some kuyizinto ezimbili zokulawula.
Umbuzo 4: Ingabe ukuqoqwa kothuli kuyingxenye yomsebenzi we-silo?
Impendulo 4: Kufanele kube njalo. Uthuli lommbila luyingozi yothuli oluvuthayo endaweni ephezulu, ngakho ukuvalwa komlenze wokugcwalisa, ukukhishwa kwendawo yokudlulisa kanye nokukhipha umoya ophahleni kufanele kube yingxenye ye-oda kanye nophahla, hhayi ukwengezwa kamuva.
Umbuzo 5: Ingabe i-silo yommbila ingenziwa inde kamuva?
Impendulo 5: Endleleni eboshiwe yebo, inqobo nje uma uhlelo lwamapuleti lushiya isikhala sobukhulu futhi isisekelo singakwazi ukuthwala umthwalo owengeziwe. I-ring beam iyisithiyo, ngakho shono noma yikuphi ukwenyuka kobude okungenzeka lapho i-silo i-odwa.
Umbuzo 6: Iyiphi indinganiso yophahla esebenzayo?
Impendulo 6: I-dome ye-aluminium ebhekiswe ku-AWWA D108 kanye neqokobhe ku-API 650, kanye nomthwalo womoya neqhwa ovela ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10. I-dome inamathiselwe phezulu eqokobheni ngokuhlangana okuboshiwe okune-gasket futhi ingaphakanyiswa ukuze ihlolwe.
Q7: Kufanele kube yisiphi isisindo sodonga?
A7: Ubukhulu bepuleti buhlelwa ngokwezinga ngokuya ngobude kunokuba bufane, ngokuvamile 3 kuya ku-12 mm ngokwedizayini, buncane ezindaweni eziphezulu lapho ingcindezi eseceleni nomoya kuncane futhi bukhulu phansi lapho ikhanda lommbila liphezulu khona. Uhlelo lulandela ububanzi nobude.
I-silo yombila yenza ngokusekelwe kumumo wayo waphansi, ukuphela kwayo kwodonga kanye necebo layo lothuli — izinqumo ezintathu ezinquma ukuthi umkhankaso olandelayo uqala uhlanzekile yini. I-stainless iyaphendula ezimweni zenhlanzeko kanye nezasogwini; i-fused enamel ihlanganisa umbila ojwayelekile ngezindleko eziphansi nge-surface engasebenzi, egezekayo. Noma yikuphi okukhethiwe, cacisa isisekelo sobude i-silo engase ifinyelele kuso kamuva, faka ukuqoqwa kothuli ngaphakathi kobubanzi bophahla, futhi uqinisekise isimangalo sokuqedwa ngombiko wokhahlo hhayi ngencazelo. Lokho kumelela umehluko phakathi kwe-silo egcina umbila naleyo emane iwugcine.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele uhlobo lommbila nomswakama, amathani azogcinwa, izinga eliphezulu lokungenisa, ukuthi isilo sigcina izinga elilodwa noma imbewu, indawo etholakalayo, umoya wendawo nomthwalo weqhwa, nokuthi ingabe ubude bungadinga ukukhula. Sizobuyisela ukuqhathanisa kwejiyometri yaphansi, isincomo se-alloy ngokumelene ne-enamel, ukubalwa kosayizi ngenketho yophahla, kanye nohlu lwamadokhumenti. Ubunjiniyela kuqala, akunasibopho, futhi akukho kufona kokuthengisa kuze kube yilapho incazelo isiphelile.
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