Umenzi Wezitanki Zamanzi Zasepulazini Zensimbi Ezingagqwali YaseChina
Kwadalwa ngo 02.02
Umkhiqizi Wamathangi Amanzi Asemapulazini Ensimbi Engagqwali waseChina
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) ihlinzeka ngamathangi amanzi asepulazini ensimbi engagqwali ku-304 kanye no-316L ngokwakhiwa okushishelwe kanye nokuboshwe ngezibophezelo zokunisela, ezobisi kanye nemfuyo, kanye namathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi emisebenzini lapho udonga lwensimbi olugcotshiwe lwamukeleka. I-304 ihlanganisa amanzi ajwayelekile; i-316L icaciswa emanzini anosawoti noma asogwini ngoba i-chloride igqobhoza ibhande elimanzi elingaphezu kwezinga loketshezi. Amathangi angamathangi omoya noma anengcindezi ephansi yokulinganisa. Okunikezwayo kufaka isitifiketi se-mill, umbiko wokuqedwa kwendawo, amarekhodi okuhlolwa kokushisela kanye nencazelo ye-gasket, ne-NSF/ANSI 61 noma i-WRAS lapho amanzi ephuzwayo.
Ipulazi alivamisile ukuthenga ithangi lamanzi elilodwa — lithenga isethi: indawo yokugcina yokunisela, ukunikezwa kwesitsha, amanzi e-parlour futhi ngezinye izikhathi isivikelo senqubo. Ngayinye yalezi inezici ezihlukene zokugqwala kanye nenhlanzeko, yingakho isinqumo sezinto kufanele senziwe ithangi ngalinye kunokuba senziwe ngobuvila kulo lonke uhlelo. Umkhiqizi ohlinzeka kokubili insimbi engagqwali kanye ne-fused enamel glass-fused-to-steel angayenza le ngxabano ngokwethembeka; lowo othengisa umndeni owodwa kuphela akakwazi. Lesi sihloko sichaza indlela yokuhlukanisa izidingo zokugcina amanzi epulazini phakathi kwabo, kanye nokuthi yini okufanele ifunwe emadokhumentini ngalinye.
Ukuhlukanisa uhlelo phakathi kwensimbi engagqwali ne-enamel
Akuthi wonke amathangi epulazini adinga into efanayo. Isiziba sokunisela sigcina amanzi ahlanzekile ngaphandle izinyanga eziningi futhi sibhekwa ngokuya ngempilo yokugqwala kanye nezindleko nge-cubic metre ngayinye, okuvame ukwenza ithangi lensimbi eligqunywe ngengilazi encibilikisiwe libe yisinqumo esifanele — ingilazi incibilika ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C ngobukhulu obungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm, ayisebenzi ku-pH 1 kuya ku-14 futhi ibushelelezi ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra, ngokuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngepuleti ngalinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Amathangi e-parlour kanye ne-dairy agcina amanzi ahlangabezana nezilwane noma ubisi, ngakho-ke inhlanzeko iyabusa futhi i-stainless iyafaneleka. Umthombo wokudla kwemithombo yemfuyo utholakala phakathi kwawo: ukugqwala kubalulekile, kodwa kanjalo neqiniso lokuthi amanzi adonswa njalo futhi ithangi kulula ukulihlola. Uma uhlelo lwehlukaniswe ngomsebenzi, umbuzo we-alloy uzoziphendula wona.
304 kanye no-316L emkhubeni wezolimo
I-chloride threshold iyindawo ehlukanisayo engokoqobo. I-304 stainless yenza kahle emanzini emvula, amanzi eqhwa elincibilikayo kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba ahlanzekile. Lapho umgodi wamanzi unomunyu, lapho ipulazi lisendaweni eseduze komoya wasolwandle, noma lapho ukuhwamuka kuqoqa usawoti emgqeni wamanzi, i-316L ene-molybdenum iba yincazelo efanele. Ukuhlaselwa cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi kugxila kubhande elingaphezu kwezinga elijwayelekile kunokuba kube ngokulinganayo odongeni olumanzi, yingakho ithangi lepulazi ligqobhoza phezulu emgqeni wamanzi kodwa libonakale liphelele kwenye indawo. Ukuqedwa kwendawo kulandela umsebenzi: i-2B yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, epholishiwe yokuthinta umkhiqizo noma ubisi. Ukwakhiwa okushisela kufanele ukufakwa okungunaphakade; ukwakhiwa okuboshiwe, okuhlanganiswa ngamabhawodi e-8.8-grade kanye nomgogodla we-gasket, kufanele amathangi angase asuswe noma andiswe, futhi amaphaneli awo alungiselelwa efektri ngaphambi kokulethwa kunokuba kwenziwe ensimini.
Amaphethini okwehluleka okufanele kuklanyelwe ukuwagwema
Amathangi asepulazini ehluleka emugqeni wamanzi, endaweni yokuphuma kanye nasehlanganisweni lophahla. Umugqa wamanzi uyingxubevange ye-chloride kanye nokujikeleza kwamanzi nokoma. Indawo yokuphuma kanye naphansi yilapho inzika iqoqana khona, isisekelo esicaba esinokudonsa okuphezulu sishiya amanzi amile abandayo ebusika bonke, futhi umthamo ofile othwalwa unomphela ulahlekelwa indawo yokugcina. Isihlanganisi sophahla yilapho i-gasket yethangi eliboshwe ngamabhawudi iguga futhi iqina khona, futhi yilapho ukuhlelwa okungenamoya okungavaliwe kungabamba umoya njengoba izinga lishintsha. Idome eliqinile le-aluminium elibhekiselwe ku-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650 elinomthwalo womoya neqhwa ovela ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10 libhekana nenkinga yemfucumfucu nokuhwamuka futhi lingavulwa ngamabhawudi ukuze kungene; yonke inhlanganisela yophahla ihlezi phezu kwesitsha somfutho womoya noma ophansi futhi akusona umngcele wengcindezi.
Ukulinganisa iqembu lamathangi asemapulazini
Linganisa ithangi ngalinye ngokomsebenzi walo, bese uhlola isamba esikhathini sokugcwalisa. Kokunisela, phindaphinda isidingo sansuku zonke esiphezulu ngezinsuku zokumboza ozifunayo, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi umthombo nezinga lokugcwalisa kungayivala ivolumu engaphakathi kwesikhathi sokugcwalisa — lokhu ukuhlola okwehluleka kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamathangi asemapulazini. Emfuyweni, guqula inani lezilwane kanye nenani elisetshenziswa yisilwane ngasinye nsuku zonke libe yisibalo sezinsuku kanye nesikhala sokwehluleka kwepompo. Egunjini lokusenga nasemsebenzini wobisi, thatha ivolumu yokugeza ngesikhathi ngasinye kanye nemijikelezo yokuhlanza ngaphakathi. Uma amavolumu ngamanye esewekiwe, wahlanganise endaweni: ithangi elilodwa elikhulu elinobubanzi lingabiza kancane nge-cubic metre ngayinye kunamathangi amathathu amancane, kodwa amathangi amaningi amancane anikeza ukusebenza okungezeka futhi avumela ukuthi elinye likhishwe emsebenzini ukuze lihlanjululwe, okuthi epulazini elisebenzayo ngokuvamile kufanele ukwengeza isisekelo esengeziwe.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Impahla yegobolondo | 304 / 316L insimbi engagqwali | 316L yokunikezwa kwamanzi anosawoti noma ukuchayeka ogwini |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | 2B / epholishiwe | Licwecwe ukuze lithinte ubisi noma umkhiqizo |
Ukwakhiwa | Amaphaneli ashinyelwe noma aboshiwe | Kuboshwe ukuze kuhanjiswe futhi kwandiswe esikhathini esizayo |
Ubukhulu bophahla lodonga | 3–12 mm ngokomklamo | Kulinganiswa ngobude emathangini aboshiwe |
Ukuhlolwa ngemuva kokushinyela | RT / PT njengoba kuvunyelwene | Ekwenziweni kwensimbi engagqwali eshinyelwe |
Ikilasi lengcindezi | I-atmospheric / igeji ephansi | Akusona umngcele wengcindezi |
Ukubosha | Amabhawudi ezinga le-8.8 | Emzileni oboshiwe |
I-gasket | EPDM, elinganiselwe amanzi kanye nekhemistri ehlanzekile | Cacisa ngokwehlukile kusuka egobolondweni |
Uphahla | Idome le-aluminium, i-AWWA D108 / API 650 | Umoya neqhwa kusuka ku-ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 |
Enye indlela ye-Enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm ehlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C | Umzila we-GFS wendawo yokugcina amanzi yokunisela |
Ukusetha iphakethe lokulethwa kanye namadokhumenti
I-oda yepulazi lamathangi amaningi iphila noma ifa ngefayela, hhayi ngopende. Bhala ngethangi ngalinye: indlela yokugcina amanzi, ukuthi ingamanzi okuphuza noma amanzi emfuyo, ingxubevange nokuqedwa, ukuthi ishukuthiwe noma iboshiwe, izinga lokuhlola, kanye nokuhambisana okudingekayo — i-NSF/ANSI 61 noma i-WRAS yamanzi okuphuza, i-FDA noma i-LFGB lapho kukhona ukuthintana nomkhiqizo. Bese ucela iphakethe elijwayelekile: isitifiketi se-mill sengcwecwe yensimbi engagqwali, umbiko wokuqedwa kwendawo, amarekhodi okuhlolwa kokushukutha kwamayunithi ashukuthiwe, kanye nencazelo yamaphaneli nama-gasket kwamayunithi aboshiwe; endleleni ye-enamel, irekhodi lokuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngephulethi ngayinye, imiphumela yobukhulu be-enamel nokunamathela, kanye nombiko wokungalingani kwendawo. Izitifiketi ze-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001 zomakhi kufanele zibe sesicelweni esifanayo, futhi ukucela uhlu kusenesikhathi kugwema igebe elijwayelekile phakathi kokufika kwamaloli nokugunyazwa kwamadokhumenti esigabeni sokukhokha.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Umsebenzi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lokuphakela amanzi | Malaysia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 815 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwethangi lensimbi engagqwali lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi |
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi angcolile endwangu | Tunisia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 846 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwethangi lensimbi engagqwali elisebenza emanzini angcolile |
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi angcolile kamasipala | Czech Republic | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 647 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwethangi lensimbi engagqwali elisebenza emanzini angcolile |
Ithangi elikhulu lamanzi eliboshiwe elinobubanzi obukhulu | Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | Ukunikezwa nokugadwa |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuphuza | Indonesia | Ithangi le-GFS | 21,099 m³ (cishe ububanzi obungu-42.04 m ngo-15.2 m) | Ukunikezwa kwamanzi okuphuza |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okufuya izinhlanzi | Shandong, China | Ithangi le-GFS | Cishe u-10.7 m ububanzi ngo-2.4 m ubude | Ukunikezwa kwesevisi ye-aquaculture yamanzi olwandle |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside isukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawodi. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ezinhlelweni zamanzi ezolimo lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunikezwa okuxubile — amathangi e-stainless steel angu-304 no-316L okusebenza okubalulekile nokuhlanza, amathangi e-fused enamel glass-fused-to-steel angu-general reserve — anikezwa umkhiqizi wamathangi amanzi asepulazini e-stainless steel wase-China ngephakethe lemibhalo engenhla.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yimaphi amathangi asepulazini okufanele abe yi-stainless futhi yimaphi angaba yi-enamel?
A1: Nquma ngomsebenzi. Amanzi okunisela kanye namanzi okugcina ajwayelekile angenazo izinto ezinolaka asetshenziswa kahle ngedamu lensimbi eline-enamel encibilikisiwe. Indawo yokugcoba, indawo yobisi kanye nanoma yimaphi amanzi ahlangana nezilwane noma ubisi kufanele kube yi-stainless. Ukuhlinzekwa kwamachibi emfuyo kuhlala phakathi kwazo futhi kuncike ekubeni khona kwe-chloride.
Q2: Ingabe i-316L ikufanele ukukhokhela okwengeziwe epulazini?
A2: Kuphela lapho kukhona i-chloride — umgodi onamanzi anosawoti, indawo eseduze nolwandle, noma umthombo ogxilisa usawoti emgqeni wamanzi. Emanzini emvula ahlanzekile noma emanzini angaphansi komhlaba athambile, i-304 isebenza ngokugcwele futhi ukukhokhela okwengeziwe akuthengi lutho.
Q3: Ngingakwazi ukuthola kokubili okushiseliwe nokuboshiwe kumkhiqizi oyedwa?
A3: Yebo. Insimbi engagqwaliwe enamathiselwe ifanele ukufakwa unomphela futhi idinga ukuhlolwa nge-radiographic noma nge-penetrant; insimbi engagqwaliwe eboshiwe isebenzisa amaphaneli alungiselelwe efektrihi ngamabhawodi ezinga le-8.8 kanye nokuxhumana okune-gasket futhi ingasuswa, ihlolwe ngaphakathi futhi yandiswe. I-Center Enamel ihlinzeka zombili lezi zinhlobo kanye nendlela ye-enamel.
Q4: Amathangi amaningi asepulazini kufanele alinganiswe kanjani?
A4: Linganisa ngalinye ngokomsebenzi walo, bese uhlola isamba ngokwesikhathi sokugcwalisa kanye nendawo etholakalayo. Amathangi amakhulu ambalwa abiza kancane nge-cubic metre ngayinye, kodwa amayunithi amancane amaningi anika ipulazi amandla okukhipha elinye emsebenzini ukuze lihlanjululwe.
Q5: Ingabe lawa mathangi agcina umfutho?
A5: Cha. Amathangi amanzi asepulazini ayizitsha zomfutho womoya noma ophansi we-gauge. Amanzi agcinwa ngamandla adonsela phansi futhi anyakaziswa ngokumpompa, futhi uphahla — i-dome noma okunye — luyisivalo sezulu hhayi umngcele womfutho.
Q6: Iyiphi i-spec yophahla lwethangi lepulazi elivulekile?
A6: Idome ye-aluminium ebhekiselwe ku-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650, enomthwalo womoya neqhwa ovela ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10. Iboshelwa phezulu kwegobolondo nge-gasket, ngakho ingaphakanyiswa ukuze kuhlolwe ingaphakathi lapho ithangi selikhishiwe.
Q7: Yini okufanele ibe ngaphakathi kufayela lokulethwa?
A7: Okwensimbi engagqwali: isitifiketi sokusila, umbiko wokuqedwa kwendawo kanye namarekhodi okuhlolwa kokushisela. Emzileni we-enamel: irekhodi lokuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngepuleti ngalinye, ukujiya kwe-enamel nemiphumela yokunamathela, kanye nombiko wobukhulu. Engeza i-NSF/ANSI 61 noma i-WRAS yamanzi okuphuza kanye nezitifiketi ze-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001.
Isimiso samanzi sasepulazini sisebenza kahle kakhulu lapho ithangi ngalinye licaciswa ngokomsebenzi walo wangempela kunokuba kwenziwe ngendlela efanayo kulo lonke. Indawo yokugcina yokunisela iya ku-enamel, indawo yokuphuza nokukhiqiza ubisi iya ku-stainless, ukunikezwa kwamanzi emithanjeni kunqunywa ngokufundwa kwe-chloride — lokho kuyincazelo evikelekile umcwaningi kanye nomphathi wokulungisa angayifunda bobabili. Linganisa ithangi ngalinye ngokwesidingo salo kanye nesikhathi saso sokugcwalisa, bese ubeka uphahla, umsele wamanzi kanye nokwakheka komgudu wokuphuma ohlwini ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngokuxazululwa kwengxabano yezinto zokwakha, ukubalwa kosayizi kanye nohlu lwamadokhumenti kuhlangene ndawonye, ipulazi lithola iminyaka engamashumi amabili yokusebenza esikhundleni sengxabano.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele uhlu lwamathangi nemisebenzi yawo, ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi noma uhlobo lomthombo ngamunye, isikhathi esiphezulu sokudonsa kanye newindi lokugcwalisa, ukuchayeka kwesayithi kanye nesimo seqhwa, indawo etholakalayo, nokuthi ngabe likhona yini ithangi elingahamba noma likhule kamuva. Sizobuyisela isincomo sempahla yethangi ngalinye ngesizathu, ukubalwa kosayizi, inketho yophahla kanye nephakethe eliphelele yamadokhumenti. Ubunjiniyela kuqala, akunasibopho, futhi akukho kufona kokuthengisa kuze kube unakho okudingwa uhlelo.
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