Umenzi Wethangi Lamanzi Epulazini Lase-China Lenziwe Ngensimbi Engagqwalisi
Kwadalwa ngo 01.09
Umkhiqizi WaseShayina Wethangi Lamanzi Lepulazi Lensimbi Engagqwali
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) yakha amathangi amanzi asepulazini ensimbi engagqwali nge-304 kanye ne-316L okusetshenziselwa ubisi, imfuyo kanye nokunisela, kanye namathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi ye-enamel ehlanganisiwe emisebenzini lapho udonga lwensimbi olugcotshiwe lwamukeleka. I-304 ihlanganisa amanzi asepulazini ajwayelekile, i-316L icaciswa ekunikezelweni kwamanzi anosawoti noma ekuchayekeni ogwini ngoba i-chloride igqobhoza ibhande elimanzi elingaphezu kwezinga, futhi zombili ziyimikhumbi yomoya noma yengcindezi ephansi ye-gauge. Imibhalo — isitifiketi se-mill, umbiko wokuqedwa, amarekhodi okuhlolwa kokushisela kanye nencazelo ye-gasket — yikho okuguqula i-oda lethangi lasepulazini libe yimpahla ehambisana nemithetho.
Ithangi lamanzi lasepulazini lithengwa kanye futhi kulindeleke ukuthi lihlale isikhathi eside kunemishini elizungezile, okwenza ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kube yisinqumo seminyaka engamashumi amabili kunokuba kube yisinqumo semali nje. Indawo yobisi yengeza okunye okuguqukayo: amanzi angena ezilwaneni, noma angena endlini yokugunda ubisi, ngakho indawo ethintana nawo inesibopho sokuhlanzeka kanye nesibopho sokugqwala. Lezi zibopho ezimbili zidonsela ezinhlangothini ezihlukene, futhi umsebenzi womkhiqizi ukusho ngokucacile ukuthi iyiphi ingxubevange ephendula yiphi, nokuthi ngasikhathi sini ithangi lensimbi eligcotshwe ngengilazi encibilikisiwe liyimpendulo engcono kakhulu ngokomnotho esikhundleni sokuthengisa into ebiza kakhulu ngokuzenzakalela.
Izibopho ezimbili ethangini lamanzi lepulazi
Ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nenhlanzeko kuyizici ezihlukene. Ukugqwala kubuza umbuzo: ingabe amakhemikhali asemanzini ahlasela udonga, futhi ahlasela kuqala kuphi? Emanzini asepulazini impendulo cishe ihlala iyibhande elingaphezu kwezinga elijwayelekile, lapho ukuhwamuka kushiya khona usawoti futhi indawo ihlala imanzi futhi yome nsuku zonke. Inhlanzeko ibuza umbuzo wesibili: ingabe indawo ingahlanzwa ngesikhathi esikhona, futhi ingabe ikhiphela okuthile emanzini? Amanzi asepulazini ajwayelekile angenasithako esihlaselayo awumbuzo wokugqwala olula; ukunikezwa kwendlu yokugcoba ubisi, ukugeza indlu yokugcoba ubisi kanye nanoma yimuphi umsebenzi othinta umkhiqizo kunezela umbuzo wenhlanzeko, okuyilapho ukuqedwa okubushelelezi kanye nokwakheka kwangaphakathi okuhlanzekile kubaluleke khona kakhulu kunebanga le-alloy.
Ukukhethwa kwe-alloy okugxile embuzweni we-chloride kuqala
Ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi kunquma ukuthi i-304 noma i-316L; ibanga ukusuka ogwini ngokuvamile likunqumela wena. I-304 stainless ibhekana namanzi emvula, amanzi angaphezulu ahlanzekile kanye namanzi amaningi angaphansi komhlaba ngaphandle kobunzima. I-316L iqukethe i-molybdenum futhi iyisicaciso esifanele lapho i-chloride ivela khona — amanzi angaphansi komhlaba anomunyu, indawo eseduze nogu lapho umoya ogcwele usawoti uhlala khona endaweni emanzi, noma umthombo onezinto ezincibilikile eziphelele eziphezulu ezigxila emgqeni wamanzi. Ukuze kuthintwe izilwane noma ubisi ngqo, indlela yokuqedela icaciswa kanye ne-alloy: i-2B yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, indawo epholishiwe yokuthintwa komkhiqizo, nendawo ephansi egeleza ngokuphelele kanye nendawo yokuphuma engenazo izindawo ezingasebenzi. Lapho kungadingeki i-alloy noma iyiphi ngoba amanzi emnene, ithangi le-GFS le-enamel ehlanganisiwe alinayo imiphumela ku-pH 1 kuya ku-14, libushelelezi ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra futhi lishibhe kakhulu, futhi ukuhambisana ne-NSF/ANSI 61 kanye ne-WRAS kuyatholakala ukuze kusetshenziswe emanzini okuphuza.
Umzila wokwakha wesikhathi eside
I-welded yisinqumo sokubopha umkhumbi ngokugcwele; i-bolted igcina izinketho zivulekile. Ithangi le-stainless eli-welded liyinto eyodwa eqinile, alinayo i-gasket egugayo, futhi lifanele ukufakwa okuhlala njalo lapho ukuhlelwa kwepulazi kungashintshi. Ubuthakathaka balo ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-radiographic noma kwe-penetrant ngemva kwe-weld kufanele ku-odelwe, ingaphakathi alikwazi ukuvulwa ukuze lihlolwe ngaphandle kokusika, futhi umkhumbi awukwazi ukunyatheliswa noma ukhuliswe. Ithangi le-stainless eli-bolted, elihlanganiswa ngamaphaneli alungiselelwe efektriyi ngamabhawodi e-8.8-grade kanye nokuxhumana okune-gasket, lingaqaqwa ukuze kuhlolwe ingaphakathi ngokuphelele, linyatheliswe lapho i-parlour noma i-paddock ishintsha, futhi landiswe noma lengezwele ngethangi lesibili kamuva. I-gasket iba yingxenye okufanele icaciswe futhi ishintshwe — i-EPDM yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, elinganiselwe umjikelezo wokuhlanza lapho kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali okugeza — futhi iyiyona kuphela into ephilayo emkhunjini, ngakho-ke ifanele umugqa wayo ohlwini lwe-oda.
Izinto ezibulala ithangi lepulazi ngokuthula
Imininingwane emithathu ebangela ukwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Okokuqala, indawo yokuphuma ebekwe phezulu kakhulu, ishiya umthamo ofile unomphela othwala inzika futhi ubanda ebusika. Okwesibili, phansi okuyisicaba okunomsele wokukhipha amanzi ongeke ukhulule wonke amanzi, ngakho amanzi amile ahlala phansi unyaka wonke ezinyangeni ezibandayo. Okwesithathu, ukufaka isembozo ngaphandle komoya wokungena nokuphuma, noma ukukhipha umoya ngaphandle kokucabanga ngebanga lezinga, okuthi ethangini elisembozwe kuguqule inkinga yesimo sezulu ibe inkinga yokuphathwa komoya. Akukho kulokhu okungukwehluleka kwempahla, futhi konke lokhu kuthathu kungagwenywa kumdwebo wokuqala. Lapho kucaciswa uphahla lwedome ye-aluminium, kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650 ngomthwalo womoya neqhwa othathwe ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10, futhi ethangini eliboshiwe liyakhululwa futhi liphakanyiswe lapho ithangi lidinga ukungena.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Into yegobolondo | 304 / 316L insimbi engagqwali | 316L lapho kukhona i-chloride noma isayithi lisogwini |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | 2B / kucwebezelisiwe | Kucwecwe ukuze kuthintane nomkhiqizo |
Ukwakha | Amaphaneli ashiselwe noma aboshiwe | Kukhethwe ngenxa yokuqina, ukufinyeleleka kanye nesidingo sokwandiswa |
Ubukhulu bephaneli lodonga | 3–12 mm ngokwakhiwa | Kuhlelwa ngobude kumathangi aboshiwe |
Ukuhlolwa ngemuva kokushisela | RT / PT njengoba kuvunyelwene | Ekwenziweni kokushisela |
Ikilasi lengcindezi | I-atmospheric / low gauge | Akusona umngcele wengcindezi |
Ukubopha ngezibhawodi | Izibhawodi zezinga elingu-8.8 | Endleleni eboshiwe |
Uphahla | Idome le-aluminium, AWWA D108 / API 650 | Umoya neqhwa kusuka ku-ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 |
Enye indlela ye-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm ehlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C | Indlela ye-GFS, engaguquki, i-Ra ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | Isevisi yamanzi yasepulazini evamile |
Okufanele kuthunyelwe ukuze kutholakale isiphakamiso esinembile sethangi lasepulazini
Okokufaka okuhlanu, futhi isiphakamiso siphenduka umdwebo esikhundleni sokulinganisa. Umthombo wamanzi nanoma yikuphi ukuhlaziya okutholakalayo, ikakhulukazi i-chloride kanye ne-total dissolved solids. Umsebenzi — ukunisela, amanzi okuphuza imfuyo, ukunikezwa kwendlu yokugunda noma umgudu wenqubo — ngoba lokho kucacisa umbuzo wokuhambisana namanzi okuphuza kanye nemfuneko yenhlanzeko. Umthamo odingekayo, inani eliphezulu lokudonswa kwansuku zonke kanye nesikhathi sokugcwalisa kabusha. Izimo zendawo: ukuchayeka emoyeni wasolwandle, umoya ovamile, ukujula kwesithwathwa kanye nokuthi ithangi kufanele likhuphe wonke amanzi ebusika. Kanye nezingqinamba ezingokoqobo: indawo etholakalayo yokwakha, ukuthi ithangi lingase lidinge ukususwa noma ukukhula, kanye nokuthi idome ye-aluminium noma isivalo esivulekile samukelekile yini kumqhubi.
Isimo Somsebenzi
Umsebenzi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi asetshenziswayo | Malaysia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 815 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwethangi lensimbi engagqwali kwenkonzo yamanzi |
Ithangi lokugcina imfucuza yendwangu | Tunisia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 846 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwethangi lensimbi engagqwali lenkonzo yendle |
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi angcolile kamasipala | Czech Republic | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 647 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwethangi lensimbi engagqwali lenkonzo yamanzi angcolile |
Ithangi elikhulu lamanzi eliboshiwe elinobubanzi obukhulu | Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | Ukunikezwa nokugadwa |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuqeda umlilo, amathangi amabili | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 8,930 m³ (amathangi amabili, cishe angu-19.87 m ububanzi ngo-14.4 m) | Ukuhlinzeka nokuhlanganisa endaweni |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela Lokufaka Uqwembe LwaseCenter
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isike yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) e-China, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Emsebenzini wamanzi asepulazini, ebhishi nasezifuyweni, lokhu kuhlanganisa amathangi e-stainless steel angu-304 no-316L kanye namathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel e-enamel ehlanganisiwe, kanye nesincomo se-alloy ne-finish, iphakethe lophahla kanye nemibhalo ephelele yezinto ezihlinzekwa umkhiqizi wamathangi amanzi asepulazini e-stainless steel waseChina.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe i-stainless steel inqunywa ngokweqile emanzini asepulazini ajwayelekile?
A1: Kwesinye isikhathi, futhi kufanele kushiwo kanjalo. Uma ukunikezwa kungamanzi emvula noma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ahlanzekile angenayo i-chloride, ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nge-enamel encibilikisiwe lisebenza ngokungaguquki ku-pH 1 kuya ku-14, libushelelezi ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra, futhi lishibhe kakhulu kune-stainless. I-stainless iyafaneleka lapho inhlanzeko, i-chloride noma ukuhlanzeka kudinga lokho.
Q2: Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi amanzi adinga i-316L?
A2: Thola ukuhlaziywa. I-chloride kanye ne-total dissolved solids yizinto ezinqumayo, kanye nebanga eliya ogwini lokuchayeka emoyeni onosawoti. Uma i-chloride ikhona, lindela ukuhlaselwa emgqeni wamanzi kuqala, yilapho i-316L ithola khona inani layo eliphezulu kune-304.
Q3: Ingabe ithangi lingaba yi-stainless kodwa liboshwe ngezibophelelo?
A3: Yebo. I-stainless eboshiwe isebenzisa amaphaneli alungiselelwe efektri kanye namabhawodi ezinga le-8.8 anesihlanganisi se-gasket, ngakho-ke ingahlakazwa ukuze ihlolwe ngaphakathi, inyakaziswe futhi inwetshwe. I-gasket idinga ukucaciswa kwayo kanye nokushintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile, njengoba iyona kuphela ingxenye ephilayo.
Umbuzo 4: Iyiphi indlela yokuqedela yamanzi ebhodwe lobisi noma endlini yokwelapha?
Impendulo 4: I-2B iyindlela yokuqedela evamile yensimbi yesevisi yamanzi; indlela yokuqedela epholishiwe isetshenziswa lapho kuthintwa umkhiqizo ngqo. Okubaluleke kakhulu kunenombolo yokuqedela ukuma kwento — iphansi elikhipha amanzi ngokuphelele kanye nendawo yokuphuma engenasithiyo ukuze isifutho sokuhlanza sifinyelele zonke izindawo.
Umbuzo 5: Ingabe ithangi lidinga uphahla?
Impendulo 5: Idome le-aluminium ligcina imfucumfucu nokukhanya kwelanga ngaphandle, linciphisa ukuhwamuka, futhi linikeza indawo yokuhlola ehamba ngezinyawo; linamathiselwe ngokuhlanganiswa okuboshiwe okune-gasket futhi liyakhishwa ukuze kungenelele ithangi. Kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650 ngomoya neqhwa kusuka ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10.
Umbuzo 6: Ingabe i-stainless iqinisekiswa kanjani?
A6: Ngesitifiketi sokugaya sepuleti, umbiko wokuqedwa kwendawo, futhi ekwakhiweni okushiselwe amarekhodi okuhlolwa nge-radiographic noma nge-penetrant. Engeza i-NSF/ANSI 61 noma i-WRAS lapho amanzi ephuzwayo noma emfuyo, kanye nezitifiketi ze-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001 zomenzi.
Q7: Ingabe ithangi lesibili lingengezwa kamuva?
A7: Yebo, inqobo nje uma isisekelo sokuqala sasiklanyelwe lokho. Ithangi eliboshiwe lingandiswa nangamanye amaphaneli lapho uhlelo lwamapuleti lwashiya indawo. Shono okulindelekile kokunwetshwa ngesikhathi ku-odwa ithangi lokuqala, ngoba isisekelo siyingxenye eyodwa engenakwengezwa kamuva ngokushibhile.
Imininingwane yethangi lamanzi lasepulazini lisebenza kahle kuphela uma ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi kwayo kuhle. I-chloride ihambisa i-alloy ku-316L, ukunikezwa okunempilo kwenza ithangi le-glass-fused-to-steel eline-fused enamel glass libe yisitsha esingabizi kakhulu, futhi umsebenzi wangempela wenhlanzeko usungula ukuqedwa kanye nokwakheka kwangaphakathi. Ukushiselwa noma ukuboshwa yisinqumo mayelana nokuthi ipulazi lilindele ukugcina isitsha salo msebenzi ofanayo eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu, futhi uphahla, umsele wamanzi kanye nendawo yokuphuma yizinto ezinganekwane ezinquma ngokuthula isikhathi sokusebenza. Beka ukuhlaziywa, umsebenzi kanye nokulindelwa kokwanda phambi komkhiqizi, futhi impikiswano yezinto isixazululeka yona.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele umthombo wamanzi kanye nanoma yikuphi ukufundwa kwe-chloride noma i-total dissolved solids, umsebenzi — ukunisela, imfuyo, i-parlour noma inqubo — umthamo kanye nokudonsa kwansuku zonke okuphezulu, ukuchayeka kwesayithi kanye nezimo zesithwathwa, nokuthi ithangi lingahamba noma likhule. Sizobuyisela isincomo se-alloy nokuqedwa ngesizathu, ukuqhathanisa okushiswelwe nokuboshwe, inketho yophahla, kanye nesethi yemibhalo. Ubunjiniyela kuqala, akunasibopho, futhi akukho kufona kokuthengisa kuze kube kuqedwa ukucaciswa.
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