Umenzi Wethangi Lokugcina Amanzi Ensini Yensimbi E-China
Kwadalwa ngo 01.26
Umkhiqizi Wethangi Lokugcina Amanzi Epulazini Ngensimbi Engagqwali waseChina
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) ikhiqiza amathangi okugcina amanzi asepulazini ensimbi engagqwali ngo-304 no-316L okunisela, ukuphakela imfuyo namanzi okucubungula, futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi lapho umsebenzi uvumela khona udonga lwensimbi olugcotshiwe. I-304 ihlanganisa amanzi asepulazini ajwayelekile; i-316L icaciswa lapho umthombo unomunyu noma indawo iseduze nogu, ngoba i-chloride igqobhoza ibhande elimanzi elingaphezu komugqa wamanzi. Amathangi ayimikhumbi yomoya noma yengcindezi ephansi ye-gauge, anikezwa nesitifiketi se-mill, umbiko wendawo kanye, lapho kufanele khona, nokuhambisana ne-NSF/ANSI 61 noma i-WRAS.
Ithangi lamanzi lasepulazini iyimpahla enquma ukuthi ukunisela kuhamba ngesikhathi yini noma ukuthi iphampu iyashoda yini lapho umkhombe wehla. Ngokuvamile lilinganiswa ngokwesidingo sasehlobo esiphezulu bese kulindeleke ukuthi limelane neminyaka engamashumi amabili yokushintshashintsha kwemanzi nomile, isithwathwa, ukuthintana nezilwane futhi, ezindaweni eziningi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ane-chloride okungekho muntu owake wayilinganisa. Lapho ukunikezwa kwamanzi kunamandla, i-stainless iyimpendulo eqotho; lapho kungenjalo, ithangi le-glass-fused-to-steel eline-fused enamel elinendawo engasebenzi lenza umsebenzi ofanayo ngezindleko eziphansi. Ukwazi ukuthi umbuzo uwubuphi umehluko phakathi kwencazelo eqinile neyabiza.
Ukukala ithangi ngokwesidingo, hhayi ngepaddock
Qala ngejika lesidingo esiphezulu, bese uliguqula libe umthamo. Sebenza ngesidingo sokunisela esiphezulu ngamamitha ekhubhu ngosuku, engeza umthamo wemfuyo lapho izilwane ziphakelwa emthonjeni ofanayo wokugcina amanzi, sebenzisa izinsuku zokumboza ezifunwa uhlelo lokuphatha phakathi kokugcwaliswa, bese uhlola izinga lokugcwaliswa umthombo ongakwazi ukulinikeza ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa. Lokho kuhlola kokugcina yikona okuvame ukweqiwa futhi okuyikona okunquma usayizi: ithangi elilinganiselwe izinsuku ezintathu zesidingo esiphezulu eligelezwa ngezinga elilodwa kwesithathu lesidingo alisona isivikelo sezinsuku ezintathu. Uma umthamo usunqunyiwe, khetha ububanzi nokuphakama kwegobolondo ngokwesikhala esikhona kanye namandla epompo, ukhumbule ukuthi uma ithangi lide kakhulu ipompo ibona ikhanda elikhulu kodwa lidinga isisekelo esikhulu.
Ukukhetha ingxubevange emanzini, hhayi ngomkhuba
304 iphethe amanzi asemapulazini ajwayelekile; i-316L ithola inani layo eliphezulu ngenxa ye-chloride. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ezindaweni ezomile kanye nasezindaweni eziseduze nolwandle aqukethe i-chloride egxila ngokuhwamuka khona lapho emgqeni wamanzi, okuyindawo yokuqala lapho udonga lwe-stainless lubhoboka khona. Uma ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi kubonisa i-chloride engaphezu komkhawulo omncane, noma ithangi liseduze nolwandle, cabanga nge-316L futhi ugcine ingaphakathi lishelele. Uma amanzi engamanzi emvula noma umthombo ohlanzekile ongena-chloride, i-304 yanele ngokuphelele futhi ishibhile. Into yesithathu okuguquguqukayo isithwathwa: ithangi okufanele likhishwe ngokuphelele ngaphambi kobusika lidinga ukuthambeka kwaphansi kanye nendawo yokuphuma eyikhipha ngempela, futhi isitsha esinaphansi oyisicaba esinendawo yokuphuma engabekwanga kahle sizokhithika futhi siqhekeke kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi i-alloy.
Insimbi, i-enamel noma ipulasitiki: ukuqhathanisa okuqotho
Izindlela ezintathu zezinto zikhona zamanzi asepulazini, futhi ngayinye inendawo echaziwe. I-Stainless iyimpendulo ephakeme kakhulu yenhlanzeko, i-chloride kanye nokusebenza isikhathi eside, futhi ibiza izikhathi eziningana kunethangi lensimbi elihlanganisiwe lomthamo ofanayo. Ithangi le-glass-fused-to-steel lihlanganisa ungqimba lwe-enamel engaphili nensimbi ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C ngobukhulu obungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm, elinganiswa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² futhi libushelelezi ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra, linikeza udonga olungasebenzi oluhambisana ne-NSF/ANSI 61 kanye ne-WRAS ukuze lusetshenziswe emanzini okuphuza futhi lushibhe kakhulu kune-stainless. Ipulasitiki noma i-polyethylene ishibhile kakhulu futhi ifanele amanani amancane kanye nokusetshenziswa okungekona okuphuzwayo, kodwa inesikhathi sokusebenza esifushane, amandla esakhiwo aphansi kububanzi obukhulu, kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali okulinganiselwe emifudlaneni ethile yasepulazini. Ukukhetha phakathi kwazo kuncike ekuhlaziyweni kwamanzi kanye nempilo yokuklama, hhayi ekuthandeni.
Uphahla, ukufinyelela kanye nezinto ezifinyeza impilo yethangi lasepulazini
Uphahla kanye nomsele wamanzi kunquma ukuthi ithangi liyaphila noma limane nje liqhubeke likhona. Isiqongo esivulekile sivumela udoti, ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nobulembu ukuba kungene futhi kwenza izinga lamanzi libe nzima ukulilandelela. Uphahla lwedome le-aluminium olubhekiselwe ku-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650, olunomthwalo womoya kanye neqhwa ovela ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10, lugcina amanzi ehlanzekile futhi lunikeza indawo yokuhlola okuhambekayo; ethangini eliboshiwe linamathiselwa ngokuhlangana okuboshiwe okune-gasket futhi lingaphakanyiswa ukuze kungene. Ezinye izinto ezimbili ezifinyeza impilo yithangi umsele wamanzi ongakwazi ukukhipha wonke amanzi ethangini, okushiya amanzi amile abandayo, kanye nokuphuma kwamanzi okubekwe phezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nomkhombe wezilwane noma i-manifold yokunisela, okushiya umthamo ongasebenzi. Zombili izinqumo zomugqa owodwa ngesikhathi sokucacisa.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Impahla yeqokwane | 304 / 316L insimbi engagqwali | 316L yokunikezwa okune-chloride noma indawo yasogwini |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | 2B / epholishiwe | Kukhethwa ngokwesidingo senhlanzeko |
Ukwakhiwa | Amaphaneli ashiselwe noma aboshiwe | Aboshiwe angasuswa, andiswe noma akhuliswe |
Ukujiya kwepuleti lodonga | 3–12 mm ngokomklamo | Kulinganiswa ngobude kumathangi aboshiwe |
Ikilasi lengcindezi | I-atmospheric / igeji ephansi | Akusona umngcele wengcindezi |
Ukubopha ngamabhawudi | Amabhawudi ezinga le-8.8 | Emzileni oboshiwe |
I-gasket | I-EPDM, elinganiselwe emanzini nasebusika | Kubuyekezwa ngokwehlukile kusuka egobolondweni |
Enye indlela ye-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm ehlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C | Umzila we-GFS, i-inert, i-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm |
Uphahla | Idome ye-Aluminium, AWWA D108 / API 650 | Umoya kanye neqhwa kusuka ku-ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 years | Ethangini elingaphansi kwesevisi yasepulazini evamile |
Uku-oda kanye namadokhumenti umhloli azowacela
I-oda lethangi lamanzi lasepulazini alipheleli ngaphandle kobufakazi obubonakalayo. Kokungenasici, cela isitifiketi sesigayo sepuleti, umbiko wokuqedwa kwendawo, amarekhodi okuhlolwa kokushisela emzileni oshiselwe, kanye nencazelo yephaneli ne-gasket emzileni oboshiwe. Lapho amanzi ehloselwe imfuyo noma ukusetshenziswa abantu, engeza ukuhambisana kwe-NSF/ANSI 61 noma i-WRAS ezindaweni ezithintwayo kanye ne-gasket. Lapho kukhethwa umzila we-enamel esikhundleni salokho, irekhodi lokuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngepuleti ngalinye kanye nemiphumela yobukhulu be-enamel nokunamathela kwenza umsebenzi ofanayo. Izitifiketi zohlelo lwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001 zomenzi zifanele zibe kuyiphasela elifanayo, futhi ukuzicela njengohlu ekuqaleni kuvimbela igebe elivamile lenyanga phakathi kokulethwa nokukhishwa okubhalisiwe.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi angcolile endwangu | Tunisia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 846 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwethangi lensimbi engagqwali lomsebenzi wendle |
Ithangi lokugcina lamanzi angcolile kamasipala | Czech Republic | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 647 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwethangi lensimbi engagqwali lomsebenzi wendle |
Ithangi lomsebenzi wamanzi | Malaysia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 815 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwethangi lensimbi engagqwali lomsebenzi wamanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi eliboshiwe elinobubanzi obukhulu | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | Ukuhlinzeka nokugadwa |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuphuza | I-Indonesia | Ithangi le-GFS | 21,099 m³ (cishe ububanzi obungu-42.04 m ngo-15.2 m) | Ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi aphuzwayo |
Amandla Obunjiniyela Be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Kwezolimo kanye nensizakalo yamanzi epulazini lokhu kuhlanganisa amathangi angenasici e-304 kanye ne-316L kanye namathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel ane-enamel ehlanganisiwe, kanye nokukhethwa kwe-alloy kusuka ekuhlaziyweni kwamanzi, iphakethe lophahla, kanye nesethi yemibhalo enikezwa umkhiqizi wethangi lamanzi asepulazini angenasici wase-China.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ipulazi kufanele lisebenzise insimbi engagqwali noma i-glass-fused-to-steel yokugcina amanzi?
Impendulo 1: Kufanele kuhambisane namanzi. Insimbi engagqwali iyasebenza lapho inhlanzeko, i-chloride noma ukuhlanzeka kwenqubo kuvimbela udonga olugcotshiwe; ithangi le-GFS eline-enamel ehlanganisiwe, elingasebenzi ku-pH 1 kuya ku-14 nendawo engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra, iyimpendulo ebiza kancane yokunisela okuvamile kanye namanzi emfuyo.
Umbuzo 2: Kunini lapho i-316L iba yisidingo?
A2: Lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba enosawoti noma ipulazi lisondelene nogu. I-chloride igxila emgqeni wamanzi ngenxa yokuhwamuka futhi igqala ku-304 kuqala lapho. Uma umthombo wamanzi kungamanzi emvula noma umthombo ohlanzekile waphezulu, i-304 yanele.
Q3: Yiluphi usayizi wethangi lepulazi esiludingayo?
A3: Phindaphinda isidingo sansuku zonke esiphezulu ngezinsuku zokumboza ezidingwa uhlelo lokuphatha, bese uhlola ukuthi umthombo ungakwazi yini ukugcwalisa ivolumu ngesikhathi esitholakalayo. Ukuhlola izinga lokugcwalisa ngokuvamile kushintsha impendulo kakhulu kunokulinganisa isidingo.
Umbuzo 4: Ingabe ithangi licindezelwe?
Impendulo 4: Cha. Amathangi amanzi asepulazini angamathangi anomoya noma anengcindezi ephansi; amanzi agcinwa amandla adonsela phansi futhi anyakaziswa iphampu. Uphahla luyisivalo sezulu, hhayi umngcele wengcindezi.
Umbuzo 5: Ingabe ngidinga uphahla ethangini lamanzi lasepulazini?
Impendulo 5: Kunconywa kakhulu. Idome ligcina amaqabunga nemfucumfucu ngaphandle, linciphisa ulwelwe olubangelwa ilanga nokuhwamuka, futhi linikeza abasebenzi indawo abangahamba kuyo ukuze bahlole. Ethangini eliboshiwe, idome liboshwa ngegasket futhi lingakhishwa ukuze kungene umuntu.
Umbuzo 6: Yini eyenza ithangi lasepulazini lihluleke ngokushesha?
Impendulo 6: Izinto ezintathu empilweni yangempela: ukugqwala kwe-chloride emgqeni wamanzi, idreyini eshiya amanzi amile abanda ebusika, kanye nokuphuma okubekwe phezulu kakhulu ukuze umthamo ongasebenzi uhlale njalo. Zonke lezi zinto yizinqumo zokucaciswa, hhayi izingozi.
Umbuzo 7: Yimaphi amadokhumenti ahamba nethangi?
Impendulo 7: Kwezinsimbi ezingagqwali, isitifiketi sesigayo, umbiko wokuqedwa kwendawo, amarekhodi okuhlolwa kokushisela kanye nencazelo yama-gasket; ethangini le-GFS, irekhodi lokuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ipuleti ngalinye kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-enamel. Engeza i-NSF/ANSI 61 noma i-WRAS lapho amanzi ephuzwayo noma emfuyo.
Umbuzo wethangi lamanzi lasepulazini umbuzo wekhemistri yamanzi kuqala. I-chloride iphusha i-alloy ku-316L kanye nophahla ku-dome efanele; umthombo ohlanzekile wenza ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe ne-glass-fused-to-steel libe yisinqumo esingabizi kakhulu; futhi imfuneko yangempela yenhlanzeko iyayikhipha nya udonga olugcotshiwe. Linganisa ithangi ngokwesidingo esiphezulu kanye nezinga lokugcwaliswa kabusha kunokuba ulinganise ngokulinganisa okungaqondile, futhi uxazulule i-drain kanye ne-geometry yokuphuma ngaphambi kokuba imidwebo igxilwe. Thola lezo zinqumo ezine zilungile ekucaciseni futhi ithangi lizophila ngaphezu kwayo yonke iphampu exhunywe kulo.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele umthombo wamanzi kanye nanoma yikuphi ukufundwa kwe-chloride noma ubulukhuni, isidingo sasemini esiphezulu, izinsuku zokumboza ozifunayo, inani lemfuyo, indawo etholakalayo, ukuthi amanzi awokusela, emfuyo noma okuphuzwayo, kanye nesidingo sokukhipha amanzi ebusika. Sizobuyisela isincomo se-alloy nesizathu, ukuqhathanisa okungagqwali ne-GFS, ukubalwa kosayizi ngenketho yophahla, kanye nohlu lwamadokhumenti. Izinombolo kuqala, akukho sibopho, futhi akukho kufona kokuthengisa kuze kube yilapho incazelo isiphelele.
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