Umenzi WaseShayina Wamatangi Okugcina Amanzi Angcolile Ensini
Kwadalwa ngo 01.27
Umkhiqizi waseChina Wamathangi Okugcina Amanzi Angcolile Ngensimbi Engagqwali
Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) yakha amathangi okugcina amanzi angcolile ensimbi engagqwali ku-304 kanye ne-316L okwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini kanye namanzi angcolile enqubo, njengemikhumbi edayisiwe noma eboshiwe. I-316L iyisinqumo esivamile lapho kukhona i-chloride, i-sulfide noma i-pH ephansi; ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi elihlanganiswe ngomlilo liyindlela ehlukile lapho ibhendi ye-pH enolaka yenza udonga lwensimbi lungadingeki. Indlela yensimbi engagqwali ibiza izikhathi ezimbalwa ithangi le-GFS ngevolumu efanayo, ngakho-ke icala lokucacisa kufanele libhalwe ngokusobala. Yonke imikhumbi iyithuluzi lomoya noma lengcindezi ephansi, futhi ukwakhiwa okudayisiwe kuthwala ukuhlolwa kwe-radiographic noma kwe-penetrant okuvunyelwene ngakho.
Ithangi lokugcina imfucuza yindawo lapho imfucuza yemboni ihlala khona isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuba ilinganiswe, yenziwe ingathathi hlangothi noma ithathwe isampula, futhi ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa ngokushesha umuntu othole idatha yokulahlwa. Ithangi kufanele libekezelele ikhemistri eguqukayo ngokweshifu, inani le-chloride okungekho muntu olilinganise kahle, kanye nenqubo yokuhlanza ene-asidi ngolunye usuku futhi ene-caustic ngolunye. Isitsha sensimbi engagqwembe siyaphendula lapho umkhawulo wokugqwala uwusimbi ngempela, futhi umkhiqizi ozinze eChina kufanele asebenzisane naye lapho umakhi engakwazi ukukhiqiza i-alloy enesitifiketi se-mill esilandelwayo kanye nokuhlolwa kwangemva kokushisela okufanele esikhundleni sokudayisa kabusha amapuleti.
Ukubhala incazelo yensimbi engagqwali evikelekayo
Icala lesicaciso kufanele licace bha, ngoba insimbi engagqwali iyimpendulo ebizayo. Insimbi engagqwali ibiza izikhathi eziningana itangi lensimbi eligqunywe ngengilazi ngevolumu efanayo, ngakho ukuyivuma kudinga isizathu esishiwo: i-chloride ephezulu engabhodloza udonga lwensimbi olugqunyiwe, i-pH ephansi ehlasela ezinye izinto ezingenalutho akuyona inkinga kodwa ukuthi umfudlana unesulfure, imfuneko yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, noma isigaba senhlanzeko esivimbela isitsha sensimbi esigqunyiwe. I-enamel encibilikisiwe, ngokuphambene, ayinazinto eziyihlaselayo ku-pH 1 kuya ku-14 futhi ngokuvamile iyimpendulo eshibhile ekuguquguqukeni kwe-pH okunolaka ne-chloride elingenele. Impikiswano yesicaciso efanele iqhathanisa indlela yokwehluleka yomndeni ngamunye nokuhlaziywa kwamanzi kwangempela esikhundleni sokuthatha ngokuzenzakalelayo into ebukeka kahle emfanekisweni wencwadi yokukhangisa.
304 noma 316L, kunqunywa umfudlana
Ukukhethwa kwe-alloy yisinqumo sekhemistri esinomphumela wokunakekela. I-304 ibamba amanzi ajwayelekile, amanzi angcolile ezimbonini alula kanye nokugezwa kokudla okuningi. I-316L, equkethe i-molybdenum, iyisinqumo lapho kukhona i-chloride — endaweni yasogwini, amanzi okugcwalisa anomunyu, noma umfudlana othwala i-NaCl ne-HCl evela emsebenzini wokucwenga noma wokufaka i-plating — nangaphezulu lapho kuvela i-sulfide, njengoba amanzi angcolile anesulfure ehlasela i-304 ngokukhethekile endaweni emanzi engaphezu kwezinga loketshezi. Imifudlana ene-pH ephansi ibanjwa yizo zombili izinhlanganisela kodwa idinga ukujiya kodonga kanye nekhwalithi yokushisela egwema ukwakheka kwe-crevice endaweni yokuphuma. Indawo elawulayo yokugqwala kunoma yimaphi alawa mathangi iyindawo yokuhlangana komoya namanzi, lapho ukuhwamuka kugxilisa konke okwancibilika oketshezini oluningi.
Izindlela zokwehluleka okufanele zihlelwe
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi alivamisile ukwehluleka ngokushesha okukhulu; lihluleka ngokuncipha ebangeni lamanzi. Izindlela ezimbili zibangela iningi lokwehluleka: ukuhlaselwa okufanayo lapho i-pH ingaphandle kwebanga elivumelana nengxube yensimbi, kanye nokugqwala okugxilile noma kokugqwala emkhathini emlonyeni wokuphuma, ekushintsheni kombhobho nanoma yikuphi ukusekelwa kwangaphakathi okudala indawo yomthunzi. Ikhwalithi yokushisela iyisigaba sesibili — unyawo lokushisela olungagaywanga kahle luyimbobo, futhi ukushisela okungahlolwanga kuwukuqagela. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kwe-radiographic noma kwe-penetrant ngemuva kokushisela kubhalwa ku-oda kunokuba kunikezwe njengokungeziwe, futhi kungakho ingaphakathi kufanele ligweme izindonga eziphakeme kanye nemigwaqo engasebenzi ebamba izinto ezigxilile ezihlala zibambelele odongeni.
Okushiseliwe kuqhathaniswa nokuboshiwe emanzini angcolile
Isinqumo simayelana nokufinyelela, ukwandiswa kanye nama-gasket. Umkhumbi wensimbi engagqwaliwe uyingxenye eyodwa, awudingi gasket, futhi ulungele ukufakwa unomphela lapho ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kuzinzile. Ithangi lensimbi eliboshwe ngezibulisi lakhiwe ngamaphaneli alungiselelwe efektriyi anezibulisi zezinga 8.8 kanye nomgogodla one-gasket, ngakho-ke lingaqaqwa ukuze kuhlolwe ingaphakathi elingcolile kakhulu, lisuswe lapho isikhungo sokukhiqiza sihlelwa kabusha, noma landiswe kamuva; into ye-gasket kufanele ibe sezingeni elivumelana namakhemikhali e-effluent kanye nomjikelezo wokuhlanza, ngoba iyona kuphela into ephilayo kumkhumbi okunye okwakhiwe ngensimbi nengxubevange. Ngamavolumu amakhulu ithangi eliboshwe ngezibulisi eline-enamel encibilikisiwe livame ukushibha futhi kube lula ukulihlanza, futhi linebuso obushelelayo obungaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra obumelana nokunqwabelana kwe-biomass okusheshisa ukugqwala ngaphansi kwefilimu ehleli phansi.
Incazelo Yobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ububanzi | Qaphela |
Impahla yeqokwane | 304 / 316L insimbi engagqwali | 316L yemifudlana ye-chloride ne-sulfide |
Ubukhulu bepuleti lodonga | 3–12 mm ngokomklamo | Kuhlelwe ngobude emathangini aboshiwe |
Ukwakhiwa | Amaphaneli ashiseliwe noma aboshiwe | Kukhethwa ngokufinyelela, ukuhamba nokudinga kokwandiswa |
Ukuhlolwa ngemuva kokushisela | RT / PT njengoba kuvunyelwene | Kubhalwe ku-oda elishiseliwe |
Ikilasi lengcindezi | Umkhathi / igeji eliphansi | Akusona umngcele wengcindezi |
Ukubopha ngezibhawodi | Izibhawodi zezinga 8.8 | Emzileni oboshiwe, nge-gasket elinganiselwe ikhemistri |
Enye indlela ye-Enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm fused at 820–930 °C | Inketho ye-GFS, engasebenzi ku-pH 1–14 |
Ukuqhubeka kwendawo | Ra < 0.8 µm | Emzileni we-GFS wokuhlanza |
Inkomba yophahla | AWWA D108 / API 650 | Lapho kucaciswa uphahla oluqinile noma lwe-membrane |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | Isevisi ye-effluent evamile |
Ukuletha ithangi ohlelweni lokwelapha i-effluent
Ithangi lokugcina liyibhafa, ngakho umkhakha walo uhlanganisa izimo zokungena nokuphuma. Qinisekisa ukuthi inani lokulinganisa lihlala kuphi ngempela: ithangi lokugcina elibhafa ukugeleza kodwa hhayi amandla ngeke lizinzise isigaba sebhayoloji esilandelayo. Qinisekisa isikhathi sokuhlala nokuthi umfudlana udinga ukuxutshwa yini — umfula ophumayo onezinto ezigxilile ezihlala phansi uzohlukana futhi indawo yokuphuma izodonsa ungqimba olungalungile. Qinisekisa ukuthi ithangi lizombozwa yini ngenxa yephunga noma ukuqoqwa kwegesi, ngoba ithangi lomfula ophumayo elimboziwe liba indaba yokuphatha igesi ene-vent, ilungiselelo lokukhulula futhi, lapho kukhiqizwa khona i-biogas, uphahla lwe-membrane enengcindezi ephansi eligcinwe ngaphakathi kwe-kilopascal envelope. Futhi qinisekisa izindawo zokukhipha nezokuthatha amasampula, ngoba yizo ezifundwa yisiphathimandla sokulawula.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Capacity | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lokugcina i-effluent yendwangu | Tunisia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 846 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwethangi lensimbi engagqwali emsebenzini wamanzi angcolile |
Ithangi lokugcina lamanzi angcolile kamasipala | Czech Republic | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 647 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwethangi lensimbi engagqwali lamanzi angcolile |
Ithangi lamanzi asetshenziswayo | Malaysia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 815 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwethangi lensimbi engagqwali lamanzi asetshenziswayo |
Ithangi elikhulu lamanzi angcolile eliboshiwe | Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | Ukunikezwa nokuqondisa, ukulethwa kobubanzi obukhulu |
Amathangi amanzi angcolile ezimbonini | Xinjiang, China | Amathangi e-GFS | 30,469 m³ kumasithangi angama-27 | Ukulethwa kwezimboni kwamasithangi amaningi |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Okokusevisa kwamanzi angcolile kanye namanzi angcolile lokhu kuhlanganisa amasithangi e-stainless 304 kanye ne-316L anokuhlolwa ngemuva kokushisela okuvunyelwene ngakho, kanye namasithangi e-enamel glass-fused-to-steel, ahlinzekwa umkhiqizi wamasithangi okugcina amanzi angcolile e-stainless steel wase-China anengxoxo ye-alloy kanye ne-failure-mode ebhalwe esicacisweni.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q1: Ingabe i-stainless iyadingeka ngempela emanzini angcolile ezimbonini?
A1: Kuphela lapho umsebenzi ukudinga khona — i-chloride ephezulu, umfudlana one-sulfide, i-pH ephansi isigaxa esimboziwe esingakwazi ukuyibamba, noma imfuneko yokuhlanzeka kanye nenhlanzeko. Uma kungenjalo, ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe ne-enamel encibilikisiwe, elingasebenzi ku-pH 1 kuya ku-14, ngokuvamile liyimpendulo ebiza kancane yevolumu efanayo yokugcina.
Q2: Iyiphi i-alloy ye-effluent ene-chloride?
A2: 316L. I-molybdenum content imelana nokugqwala kwe-pitting kanye ne-crevice ehlasela i-304 emanzini ane-chloride, futhi ingozi igxila ebhendini emanzi ngaphezu kwezinga elijwayelekile loketshezi lapho ukuhwamuka kugxilisa usawoti.
Q3: I-welded stainless ihlolwa kanjani?
A3: Ukuhlolwa kwe-radiographic noma kwe-penetrant kuyavunyelwana ku-oda futhi kwenziwa ngemva kokwakhiwa, imiphumela ibhalwe kanye nesitifiketi se-mill. Imithungo engahloliwe iyisizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi impilo yokusebenza yethangi le-stainless ingafinyeleli enhlosweni yokuklama.
Umbuzo 4: Ingabe ithangi le-effluent lingamboza?
Impendulo 4: Yebo. Idome eliqinile le-aluminium elibhekiswe ku-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650 elinomoya kanye neqhwa elivela ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10 ingenye indlela, kanti isembozo se-membrane ezimbili sisetshenziswa lapho kudingeka khona ukuqoqwa kwegesi, sigcinwe ku-±3 kuya ku-5 kPa nge-valve yokukhulula kanye ne-flame arrestor. Ithangi lihlala lingaphansi komfutho womoya noma ophansi we-gauge.
Umbuzo 5: Kungani ukhetha ithangi le-stainless eliboshiwe kunelishiseliwe?
Impendulo 5: Ngoba isitsha esiboshiwe singahlakazwa ukuze sihlolwe ingaphakathi elingcolile, sithuthwe lapho isitshalo sishintsha, noma sandiswe kamuva. Okushintshanayo i-gasket ekuxhumaneni ngakunye, okufanele ilinganiswe ngokwekhemistri ye-effluent kanye nomjikelezo wokuhlanza.
Umbuzo 6: Yini ebangela ukuthi ithangi lokugcina i-effluent lihluleke ngokushesha?
A6: Ngokuvamile izinto ezimbili ezifanayo: ukugqwala okugxile endaweni yokuhlangana komoya namanzi, kanye nokugqwala okuyingxenye endaweni yokuphuma komgudu, ezindaweni zokushintsha kwamapayipi kanye nezisekelo zangaphakathi lapho i-crevice geometry ibamba khona uketshezi. Izinto eziqinile ezihlala phansi ezibamba ifilimu emanzi odongeni zisheshisa kokubili.
Q7: Yini okufanele ifakwe encazelweni ye-effluent?
A7: Ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi okugcwele okunamanani e-chloride ne-sulfide, ububanzi be-pH kufaka phakathi ukushintsha okwedlulele, isikhathi sokuhlala, ukuthi ukuxubana kuyadingeka yini, ukuthi ikhava ingaphakathi kwesimo, kanye ne-alloy, ukujiya kanye nezinga lokuhlolwa kwangemva kokushisela okubhalwe njengezinto ezihlukene zomugqa.
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi angcolile lensimbi engagqwali liqinisekiswa ngamakhemikhali — i-chloride, i-sulfide, i-pH ephansi noma imfuneko yenhlanzeko — futhi kufanele kucaciswe ngaleyo ndlela ngokubhaliwe kunokuba kwenziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. I-304 ihlanganisa umsebenzi ojwayelekile, i-316L ihlanganisa imifudlana ene-chloride nesulfure, kanti ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi ye-enamel encibilikisiwe lihlala liyimpendulo eshibhile kulo lonke ibhendi ye-pH kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-14 emifudlaneni enolaka kodwa engeyona eyensimbi. Ukushisela kufanelela umkhumbi ongaguquki, ukubopha kufanelela isitshalo esizoshintsha; kokubili kudinga ukuhlolwa kwako kanye nezidingo ze-gasket ku-oda. Beka ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi kanye namazinga e-pH adlulele phambi komakhi ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe isinqumo nge-alloy.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi angcolile anamanani e-chloride ne-sulfide, ububanzi be-pH nanoma yikuphi ukushintsha okwedlulele, umthamo wokugcina nesikhathi sokuhlala, ukuthi ukuxuba noma isembozo kuyadingeka yini, nokuthi ithangi lizodinga ukuhlakazwa, ukususwa noma ukwandiswa yini. Sizobuyisela isincomo se-alloy kanye nesizathu, ukuqhathanisa okushiselwe nokuboshiwe, isiphakamiso sezinga lokuhlola, kanye nesethi yemidwebo nemibhalo. Ubunjiniyela kuqala, akunasibopho, futhi akukho kufona kokuthengisa kuze kube isicaciso sime kahle.
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