Ingabe Amathangi Angengezwa Kamuva Ukuze Kwandiswe Umthamo: Ububanzi Beqokobhe Eliboshiwe Nezingxenye
Kwadalwa ngo 09.07
Ngabe Amathangi Angengezwa Kamuva Ukuze Kwandiswe Umthamo: I-Bolted Shell kanye Ne-Panel Scope
Amathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi aboshwe ngamabhawudi angakhuliswa ngemva kokusebenza ngokwengeza amaphaneli ukuze kukhuphuke umzimba, ukwengeza izigaba zokwandisa ubude, noma ukufaka ithangi lesibili eceleni kwelokuqala. Indlela ngayinye incike entweni enqunywe ekuqaleni: ugongolo lukakhonkolo kufanele lusekelwe futhi luqiniswe ukuze lumelane nomzimba omude noma umthwalo wethangi elisha, uhlelo lwamapuleti omzimba wangempela kufanele luvumele isigaba esengeziwe, futhi uphahla nemibhobho kufanele kukhethwe ukuze kukwazi ukukhululwa ngamabhawudi futhi kufakwe kabusha. Umthamo ubalwa ngobubanzi nangobude, ngakho-ke ukwandisa ubude ngokuvamile kuyindlela eshibhe kakhulu lapho indawo ivuma.
Umbuzo ufika ngesikhathi esingesihle kakhulu — ngokuvamile eminyakeni emibili ngemuva kokuthi ithangi lokuqala lifakwe, lapho umugqa wokukhiqiza usuxazululwe futhi isitoreji manje siyisithiyo. Ngaleso sikhathi i-pad isivele yelapheka, amapayipi asehleliwe, futhi iqembu elisebenzayo selifundile ukugcina izinga liphansi ukuze ibhalansi isebenze. Impendulo eqotho iwukuthi amathangi aboshiwe ayakhula ngempela, kodwa ukwanda kufanele kwakhelwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa, futhi izindlela ezintathu zokukwenza — ukuphakamisa igobolondo, ukwengeza ithangi, noma ukwengeza kokubili — zinezindleko ezihluke kakhulu kanye nezimo zokuqala ezihluke kakhulu. Uma kubhalwe njengesigatshana kumyalo wokuqala, umbuzo ofanayo uba: ingabe amathangi angangezwa kamuva ukuze kwandiswe umthamo? Ngaphandle kwaleso sigatshana impendulo esizeni ngokuvamile ithi cha.
Izindlela ezintathu zokwengeza umthamo
Ubude ngokuvamile ukunwetshwa okushibhe kakhulu, futhi yikho okuvame ukushiywa ngaphandle ekwakhiweni kwasekuqaleni. Ithangi eliboshwe ngamabhawudi lihlanganiswa ngamaphaneli alungiselelwe efektri acishe abe ngu-1.2 m ububanzi kanye namabhawudi ezinga le-8.8, ngakho-ke ukwengeza umugqa kuyindaba yokuhlinzeka ngamaphaneli engeziwe ane-coating, ukufaka i-gasket entsha emgqeni ophezulu okhona, kanye nokufaka indandatho yokunweba. Lokhu kusebenza kuphela lapho uhlelo lwamapuleti oqweqwe lwangempela lwashiya indawo yobukhulu bomugqa owengeziwe noma lapho isisekelo sathululwa ukuze sithwale umthwalo owengeziwe, yingakho ubukhulu bomugqa wendandatho, iphethini yamabhawudi e-ankela kanye nokubekezelelana kokuhlala kufanele kube kumdwebo kusukela ngosuku lokuqala. Okwesibili indlela ye-pad: faka ithangi lesibili eceleni kwelokuqala bese uhlanganisa womabili kumpompo efanayo nokulawula izinga, okuvamise ukuba yimpendulo lapho ubude bukhawulwa yi-Crane noma isakhiwo esiseduze. Okwesithathu ingxube — iqweqwe elide kakhulu ku-pad ekhona kanye nethangi elincane lokunyuka kwesizini.
Isisekelo siyisithiyo esibophayo
Ithangi elithola umthamo lalo lithola nenkinga yesisekelo. Yonke imitha eyengeziwe yogobolondo yengeza isisindo, indawo yomoya kanye nomzuzu wokugumbuqela, futhi uhlelo lwamaphaneli anezibophezelo ludlulisa konke lokhu ngaphansi kogobolondo luyise ku-ring beam kakhonkolo noma isisekelo sekhonkolo elilula. Uma i-ring beam yayiklanyelwe ubude obakhiwe futhi indawo isivele yahlala kancane, ukuphakamisa ugobolondo kungavula umugqa wokuhlanganisa ezifundeni eziphansi, futhi i-enamel ayikwazi ukumelana nokuhlanekezela. Ama-ring beam aqinisiwe ngaphambili noma ashubisiwe, izibophezelo eziphonswe ngobude obengeziwe noma ngesikhwama esigunyaziwe samafundu azayo, kanye nomkhawulo wokuhlala ovunyelwene wonke kubiza kancane ekuqaleni futhi kusindisa konke ukuthuthukiswa. Uma ukwanda kungenzeka nhlobo, shono lokho embuzweni.
Okungeke kwengezwe kamuva
Ezinye izinto ziyizinqumo ezenziwa kanye kuphela. Isisekelo kanye nokuhlelwa kwaso kokubambelela yikona okusobala. Ngale kwalokho, uphahla lubalulekile: idome ye-aluminium ebhekiselwa kuyo i-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650 kanye nomthwalo womoya neqhwa ovela ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10 yakhelwe ububanzi obunikeziwe kanye nesihloko sethangi esinikeziwe, ngakho-ke igobolondo elide ngokuvamile lidinga idome entsha kunedome elide, futhi isigaba esiphezulu kufanele sichazwe ngokuningiliziwe ukuze idome entsha ikwazi ukuhlala kuso. Ama-nozzle, ama-manway, izindawo zokungena ze-agitator kanye nanoma yikuphi ukufakwa kwenqubo yangaphakathi njengekhodi yokuqoqa igesi noma isihlukanisi sezigaba ezintathu kufanele kube khona ekuhlelweni kwamaphaneli okuqala, ngoba amaphaneli aboshiwe alungiselelwa embonini azungeze lezi zinto; ukwengeza i-nozzle kamuva kusho ukusika ipuleti elihlanganisiwe endaweni, okuyiholide kanye nengozi yokuvuza kunokuba kube ukuguqulwa. Ukuhlelwa komoya kanye nokukhulula, futhi kuma-digester isikhwama sokucindezela, nakho kufanele kubuyekezwe lapho isikhala segesi sishintsha.
Inombolo yomthamo ivela kuphi
Ukuhlelwa kokwandiswa kuqala nge-equation yevolumu, futhi umbuzo ngububanzi nokuphakama. Ivolumu yokusebenza iyindawo yethangi iphindwe ngesikhathi sokukhula koketshezi okusetshenziswayo, ngakho-ke kusisekelo esinikeziwe isikhathi sokukhula siyisigxobo esinezinga eliphansi kakhulu lezindleko ezikhulayo, futhi ngesikhathi esinikeziwe ububanzi yisigxobo esinekhanda eliphansi kakhulu lamanzi. Ukujwayelana nomthamo kuyasiza lapha: ithangi elikhulu eliboshwe ngamabhawodi emndenini selinikezwe ku-44,900 m³, futhi amathangi angawodwa anikezwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³, ngakho-ke umkhawulo ophezulu wokwandiswa ngesikhathi sodwa ungokoqobo kodwa ubanzi. Ngale kwalowo mkhawulo ophezulu impendulo efanele iyithangi lesibili esikhundleni somkhumbi owodwa owedlulele, ngoba igobolondo elide kakhulu liqhuba isisekelo nomthwalo womoya ngokushesha kunokugcina.
I-Technical Specification
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Inothi |
Ububanzi bephaneli | ~1.2 m | Iphaneli eboshwe nge-bolt elungiselelwe efektri, isisekelo sohlelo lokwandiswa |
Ukujiya kwepuleti lodonga | 3–12 mm ngokwedizayini | Izifundo ezengeziwe zingenzeka kuphela uma uhlelo lushiya isikhala |
Ukubopha ngezibhawodi | Izibhawodi zezinga le-8.8 | Kubuyiselwa i-torque lapho kwengezwa izifundo ezintsha |
I-gasket | I-EPDM kumhlangano ngamunye ovundlile | Kushintshwa kuwo wonke umhlangano wokwandisa |
Isisekelo | I-concrete ring beam noma i-plain concrete | Kufanele yakhelwe umthwalo owandisiwe nokuhla |
Inkomba yophahla | AWWA D108 / API 650 | Idome elishintshiwe ukuze kube nobude bethangi elisha uma kudingeka |
Umthwalo womoya neqhwa | ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 | Ilawula isifundo esiphezulu segobolondo elide kanye nedome |
Isendlalelo se-Enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm ehlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C | Kulinganiselwa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Ukuhlola ipuleti ngalinye kuwo wonke amaphaneli amasha |
Umkhawulo wethangi elilodwa | kuze kufike ku-60,000 m³ | Ngale kwalokho ithangi lesibili liyimpendulo enengqondo |
Ukuhlela ukwanda endaweni esebenzayo
Ukuhlola okuhlanu ngaphambi kokuzibophezela emzileni. Qinisekisa umthwalo osele wamaphuphu esisekelweni esikhona kanye nomlando wokwehla kwesisekelo. Qinisekisa ukuhlelwa kwesihloko sethangi nokuthi ingabe idome noma uphahla kungasetshenziswa kabusha noma kufanele kushintshwe. Qinisekisa ukuphakama kwe-crane okutholakalayo kanye nokufinyelela kwendawo yokulethwa kwamaphaneli angu-1.2 m, njengoba ukuphakamisa okude phezu kwethangi elisebenzayo kuwumbuzo wokuvalwa. Qinisekisa uhlangothi lwenqubo: ukulawula izinga, amandla okumpompa kanye nakuphi ukusingathwa kwegesi uma kuhileleka i-digestor noma ithangi elimboziwe, ngoba ithangi liba lula kunamapayipi. Futhi qinisekisa isikhathi sokuvalwa — ukuphakamisa igobolondo ethangini eliphilayo kuwumsebenzi ohlelwe ngezigaba, hhayi umsebenzi wempelasonto.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Capacity | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lamanzi eliboshiwe elinobubanzi obukhulu | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | Ukuhlinzeka nokugada, ukulethwa kobubanzi obukhulu |
Isitoreji samanzi omlilo, amathangi amabili | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 8,930 m³ (amathangi amabili, cishe 19.87 m ububanzi nge-14.4 m ubude) | Ukunikezwa kwamathangi amaningi okubonisa ukwanda okuhambisanayo |
Amathangi amanzi angcolile ezimbonini | Xinjiang, China | Amathangi e-GFS | 30,469 m³ kuma-tanki angama-27 | Ukunikezwa ngezinqwaba okubonisa ukulethwa okuphindaphindekayo kwamayunithi amaningi |
Amathangi amanzi angcolile kamasipala | Sichuan, China | Amathangi e-GFS | 17,420 m³ kuma-tanki angama-10 | Uhlelo lwamathangi amaningi kamasipala |
Isitoreji samanzi okuphuza | Indonesia | Ithangi le-GFS | 21,099 m³ (cishe ububanzi obungu-42.04 m ngobude obungu-15.2 m) | Isitsha esisodwa esinobubanzi obukhulu |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside isukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawodi. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukwakhiwa okuboshiwe kuyiphuzu lalo mkhakha womkhiqizo, lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubuyekezwa kokuklanyelwa kokwandiswa okuvumela ithangi ukuthi lengezwe kamuva ukuze kwandiswe umthamo — ukulayishwa kwesisekelo, ukuhlelwa kwe-anchor, izifundo ezengeziwe kanye nokushintshwa kophahla — kudala ngaphambi kokuba iyunithi yesibili i-odwe.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ithangi eliboshiwe eliqediwe lingavele lenziwe lide?
A1: Yebo, uma izinto ezimbili zihlelwe. Igobolondo kufanele libe nendawo yobukhulu bepuleti emikhakheni engezansi ukuze kwengezwe umkhakha owengeziwe, futhi isisekelo kufanele sikwazi ukuthwala isisindo esengeziwe nendawo yomoya. Uma lezi zimbili zikhona, ukwengeza amaphaneli kuwukuhlanganiswa okuhleliwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngejoyinti elisha legasketi.
Q2: Iyiphi indlela eshibhile yokwengeza umthamo?
A2: Ngokuvamile ukuphakama endaweni ekhona, ngoba kusebenzisa isisekelo kanye nephedi futhi kwengeza amaphaneli kuphela, indandatho yomkhakha kanye nophahla olusha noma ukunwetshwa kwedome. Ukwengeza ithangi lesibili eceleni kwelokuqala ngokuvamile kushibhile kunegobolondo elide kakhulu lapho ukuphakama kwe-crane noma ukufinyelela kukhawulela ukuphakamisa.
Q3: Ingabe kukhona umkhawulo wokuthi ithangi elilodwa lingakhula kangakanani?
A3: Amathangi angawodwa anikezwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³ kulo mndeni womkhiqizo. Ngale kwalokho izindleko zobunjiniyela zesisekelo, umthwalo womoya nophahla zikhuphuka ngokushesha kunokugcinwa okutholwayo, futhi ithangi lesibili ngokuvamile liyimpendulo engcono.
Umbuzo 4: Ngingakwazi yini ukwengeza ama-nozzle noma i-agitator ngemuva kokusebenza?
Impendulo 4: Cha, akuhlanzeki kahle. Amaphaneli aboshiwe enziwe efektri, ngakho ukwengeza i-nozzle kusho ukusika ipuleti elihlanganisiwe endaweni kanye nokubuyisela ukuhlanganisa kanye nokuhlolwa kweholide. Ukungena kwama-agitator, ama-manway kanye nezingaphakathi zenqubo kufanele kube kusakhiwo sokuqala samaphaneli.
Umbuzo 5: Ingabe igobolondo elide kakhulu lishintsha imfuneko yophahla?
Impendulo 5: Yebo. Idome ye-aluminium yakhelwe ububanzi obunikeziwe kanye nengaphezulu yethangi ngaphansi komthwalo womoya neqhwa kusuka ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10. Igobolondo elide kakhulu ngokuvamile lisho idome entsha elinganiswe nobude obusha, ngakho imininingwane yedome yokuqala kufanele ibuyekezwe ukuze isetshenziswe futhi.
Umbuzo 6: Yini okufanele ngiyitshele umakhi uma ukwanda kungenzeka?
A6: Shono lokho ngaphambi kokuba i-oda lifakwe. Ingxenye ye-ring beam, ubude be-anchor bolt noma ukuhlinzekwa kwe-sleeve, uhlu lokujiya kweplate kanye nemininingwane yekhosi ephezulu konke kuyashintsha uma ukuphakama kwesikhathi esizayo kuyisidingo esaziwayo, futhi akubizi kakhulu ukukufaka ekuqaleni.
Q7: Ingabe isisekelo esikhona singahlolwa ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo?
A7: Yebo. umlando wokuhlala, ingxenye ye-ring beam kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-anchor njengoba kwakhiwe kungabuyekezwa ngaphambi kwanoma yisiphi isilinganiso. Ezimweni eziningi, unjiniyela angakutshela ngokudweba kanye nerekhodi lesayithi ukuthi ingabe ikhosi eyengeziwe iyasebenza nokuthi kungathatha umsebenzi ongakanani wesisekelo.
Amathangi okugcina aboshwe ngamabhawudi angelinye lamathangi ambalwa akwazi ukukhula ngempela: amaphaneli, izigaba kanye namayunithi esibili konke kuyizengezo hhayi ukushintshwa. Izindleko zalokho kuguquguquka zikhokhwa ngesikhathi sokucaciswa, esigabeni sesisekelo, ukuhlelwa kwama-ankha kanye nohlu lwamashidi. Ukuphakama ngokuvamile kuyindlela eshibhe kakhulu, ithangi lesibili ngokuvamile liyindlela ephephile, futhi uphahla kanye nezindawo zokungena kufanele kucatshangelwe ngaphambi kokuba uhlu lwamaphaneli luqinisekiswe. Uma kukhona noma yiliphi ithuba lokwanda, faka lelo thuba ngokubhaliwe embuzweni wokuqala — yisinqumo eshibhe kakhulu kunazo zonke kuwo wonke umsebenzi.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sitshele ububanzi nobude bethangi lamanje, isimo se-pad nomlando wokuhla, ukuthi ngabe ukala ubude obungeziwe noma iyunithi yesibili, ukuphakama kwe-crane okutholakalayo, kanye nomthamo owudingayo eminyakeni emithathu. Sizobuyisela ukuqhathaniswa komzila, ukuhlolwa komthwalo wesisekelo, isincomo se-anchor ne-extension-ring, kanye nemidwebo ne-specification yesengezo. Ubunjiniyela kuqala, akukho sibopho, futhi akukho ngxoxo yezentengiselwano kuze kube yilapho izibalo ziqinisekisa.
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