Uphahla Lwedome Lwe-Aluminium Lwethangi Lamanzi Emvula: Izimo Zomthwalo kanye Nebanga LeGasket
Kwadalwa ngo 02.05
Uphahla lwe-Aluminium Dome lweThangi lamanzi emvula: Izimo zomthwalo kanye nobubanzi beGasket
I-dome yophahla lwe-aluminium yethangi lamanzi emvula iyisivalo esiqinile esithwalwa ugobolondo lwethangi futhi sihambisana ne-AWWA D108 kanti ugobolondo luhambisana ne-API 650, nomthwalo womoya neqhwa ovela ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10. Igcina amaqabunga, imfucumfucu yezinyoni nomhlabathi kanye nelanga emanzini avuniwe, inciphisa ukulahleka okumile okuvela endaweni evulekile, futhi isusa ukungcola kokuqala kokugeleza okunye okungalayisha uhlelo lokuhlanza. I-dome inanyathiselwe ngesihlanganisi esiboshiwe esine-gasket futhi ingaphakanyiswa ukuze kungenelele ethangini. I-aluminium izinzile endaweni emanzi neyomile emgqeni wamanzi, ngakho akukho mbozo wangaphakathi odingekayo, futhi ithangi lihlala liyithuluzi lomkhathi.
Amanzi emvula anqotshiwe agcinwa esitsheni esishibhe kakhulu futhi kulindeleke ukuthi asetshenziswe njengamanzi enqubo, ukunisela, noma amanzi okuphuza ngemva kokuhlanza okuncane. Inkinga cishe ayilona ithangi — kunalokho unyaka wamaqabunga, izinti, indle yezinyoni kanye nelanga okufika ngaphezulu okhululekile phakathi kwesiphepho sokuqala nosuku umuntu anquma ngalo ukuligcwalisa. Uphahla oluvulekile lubuye lushise amanzi futhi lukhulise ulwelwe phezulu, futhi ezindaweni ezibandayo iqhwa eliwela phezu kwesivalo esicaba lingumthwalo okungekho muntu owayehlela ukuwuhlakula. Uphahla lwedome lwe-aluminium ethangini lamanzi emvula luvala konke lokhu ngesakhiwo esingasuswa lapho isitsha sidinga ukuhlanjululwa.
Lokho i-dome ekushintshayo ngempela ngamanzi
Isiqongo esivaliwe sivikela amanzi ngaphambi kokuba ukwelashwa kuwabone. Imvula ewela phezu kophahla ithwala umthwalo wokuqala wokugeleza ovela endaweni yokubamba amanzi: uthuli, indle yezinyoni, izingcezu zamaqabunga kanye nakho konke okwakuhleli emigxobhozweni. Ukuhambisa lokho kungene ethangini kusho ukuthi umthamo ogciniwe ugcwala amanzi angcole kakhulu onyakeni, futhi ukuhlunga noma ukubulala amagciwane okulandela emuva kuthwala umthwalo okwakungaklanyelwe wona. Idome ligcina leyo nto iphezu kophahla noma kusihlukanisi sokuqala sokugeleza lapho ifanele khona, ligcina ukukhanya kwelanga kungangeni endaweni yokugcina ukuze ulwelwe olungaphezulu lube nokuncane kokudla, futhi linciphisa ukulahleka komhwamuko endaweni evulekile ezindaweni ezishisayo. Amanzi agciniwe ngakho-ke aseduze nemfuneko yezinqubo ezifunwayo, ngokusetshenziswa kancane kwamakhemikhali kanye nemijikelezo embalwa yokugeza emuva.
Kungani i-aluminium, futhi kungani kungekho coating yangaphakathi
Ilayini yamanzi iyindawo yokwehluleka, kanti i-aluminium iyayishaya indiva nje. Wonke amathangi amanzi avulekile anomugqa ongaphezulu nje kancane kwezinga elijwayelekile lapho umoya omanzi ujijile khona futhi ukuchaphaza kugcina indawo ingaphezulu lihlale limanzi. Ku-carbon steel lelo bhendi yilapho kuvela khona umgodi wokuqala omncane; ku-aluminium kuwumsebenzi nje, ngoba ingxubevange ibamba i-oxide encane ezinzile futhi ayidingi filimu ukuze ihlale iphelele. Ukufaka isembozo ngaphakathi kwedome kungangeza into engase igcine iqhekeka futhi ichitheke endishini enjongo yayo yonke iwukugcina amanzi ahlanzekile, ngakho incazelo efanele i-aluminium engenalutho ngokunaka umhlangano oboshiwe kanye ne-gasket, hhayi indawo ependiwe.
Izimo zomthwalo, kanye nedatha edingekayo ukukala uhlaka
Idome elikhanyayo lilawulwa ukuphakama kunesisindo salo. Izingxenye zedome le-aluminium zincane ngamabomu, ngakho umthwalo wokufa awuvamisile ukunquma usayizi wamalungu. Okunqumayo ingcindezi engemihle ngaphansi komoya oqinile wokuklama, kanye nomthwalo weqhwa eliqoqekayo eduze komugqa womthombo nasesiqongweni. Izincwadi ezisetshenziswayo ezijwayelekile yi-AWWA D108 yophahla lwedome kanye ne-API 650 yegobolondo lethangi elihlala kulo, kanti umoya neqhwa kuthathwa ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10. Uphahla olucashunwe ngaphandle kwesivinini somoya esiyisisekelo sendawo, isigaba sokuchayeka, umthwalo weqhwa lomhlaba kanye nesici sokubaluleka kuwukuqagela, futhi ukuboshwa komjikelezo okuyindawo eyodwa yomoya elula ukwehluleka kokuqala okujwayelekile. Ethangini lamanzi emvula epulazini noma egcekeni lezimboni, idome kufanele lihlale ngaphezu kwezinga eliphezulu elilindelekile ukuze isiphephetha-moya kanye nomhlangano kungacwiliswa.
Umhlangano, i-vent kanye nokungena ethangini
Ukuxhunywa ngezibhawodi yikho okwenza uphahla lusebenziseke. Idome lithwalwa phezu kwegobolondo ngokuxhunyaniswa ngezibhawodi okunegasketi, i-EPDM yokuthintana namanzi, ukuze yonke inhlanganisela ikwazi ukuxegiswa futhi iphakanyiswe lapho ithangi selikhishiwe ukuze lihlolwe noma lihlanjululwe, bese liphinde lifakwe ngegasketi elisha. Isiphephetha-moya sivumela indawo yomoya ukuba iphefumule njengoba izinga lishintsha futhi njengoba amanzi ephola futhi efudumala; akufanele neze silinganiswe sengathi ithangi livaliwe, ngoba ithangi liyithuluzi elisemkhathini noma elinengcindezi ephansi yokulinganisa. Uhlu lokuhlola olusebenzayo luyizinto ezine: isimo segasketi kulo lonke umjikelezo, ukuqina kwezibopho, ukusebenza kwesiphephetha-moya nesivalo sokungena, kanye nesikhumba ngemva kwesiphepho.
Ukukhetha ithangi ngaphansi kwedome
Indawo yophahla isinqunyiwe; indawo yethangi incike ekwakhekeni kwamanzi kanye nokusetshenziswa. Emanzini emvula anqotshiwe asetshenziselwa ukunisela, ukugcwalisa ukupholisa noma inkonzo yegceke jikelele, ithangi lensimbi eligqunywe ngengilazi elinendawo ye-enamel ehlanganisiwe liyimpendulo evamile futhi engabizi. Ungqimba lwe-enamel lungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm, luhlanganiswa nensimbi ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, lukalwa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², futhi lubushelelezi ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm Ra, ngakho-ke alugcini ubumnyama futhi kulula ukuligeza, ngokuhambisana ne-NSF/ANSI 61 kanye ne-WRAS lapho amanzi ephuzwayo. Uma amanzi emvula anqotshiwe emnyama, ene-asidi evela ophahleni lwensimbi, noma ene-chloride ephezulu evela endaweni yokuthwebula yasogwini, cabangisisa kabusha ngeqokobhe: i-316L stainless noma olunye uhlobo lwe-coating kungase kudingeke, ngoba idome livikela indawo kodwa alwenzi lutho mayelana nokwakheka kwamanzi ngaphakathi.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
I-Dome ejwayelekile | AWWA D108 | Ireferensi yophahla lwe-Dome |
Ireferensi ye-Shell | API 650 | Ithangi elithwala i-dome |
Umthwalo womoya kanye neqhwa | ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 | I-Uplift ne-drift kulawula uhlaka |
Impahla ye-Dome | I-Aluminium | Izinzile endaweni emanzi-eyomile, akudingeki coating |
Okunamathiselwe | Ijoyinti eliboshiwe eline-gasket | I-EPDM yokuthintana namanzi, iyasuswa ukuze kungene umuntu |
Ikilasi lengcindezi yethangi | I-atmospheric / low gauge | Akusona umngcele wengcindezi |
Izinketho zeqokwe | I-GFS enamel noma i-304 / 316L stainless | Kukhethwa ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali amanzi nokusetshenziswa |
Isendlalelo se-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm ehlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C | Ra ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm, kulula ukuyihlanza |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Ukuhlolwa kwe-holiday ngepuleti ngalinye lapho kusetshenziswa i-enamel |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ iminyaka engama-30 | Ithangi ngaphansi kokusebenza okujwayelekile |
Ukucacisa uphahla lwamanzi emvula ekusebenzeni
Izinto eziyisithupha zishintsha umqondo wophahla olungalungile ube yiphakethe elingacashunwa. Ububanzi bethangi nokuphakama kwegobolondo eliqondile kusetha ububanzi bedome. Isivinini somoya esiyisisekelo sendawo, isigaba sokuchayeka, umthwalo weqhwa lomhlaba kanye nesici sokubaluleka kusetha uhlaka. Izinga lokusebenza elijwayelekile kanye nokwehla okuphansi kakhulu kusetha lapho umugqa wokuntwela kwedome uhlala khona maqondana namanzi. Ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe — ukunisela, ukugcwalisa ngokupholisa, noma okuphuzwayo — kunquma ukuthi ukuhambisana ne-NSF/ANSI 61 noma i-WRAS kuyadingeka yini ku-gasket kanye nanoma yikuphi ukungena. Impahla yokubamba amanzi ikutshela ukuthi ingxenye yokuqala yokugeza kufanele yephucwe ngaphambi kwethangi hhayi ngemuva. Futhi imfuneko yokufinyelela ithi ukuthi indlela yokuhamba, isivalo noma umgwaqo womuntu kungaphansi kwekhopho yophahla yini.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Umsebenzi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi aphuzwayo | Malaysia | Ithangi le-GFS | 20,380 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwensizakalo yamanzi okuphuza |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuphuzwayo | I-Indonesia | Ithangi le-GFS | 21,099 m³ (cishe ububanzi obungu-42.04 m ngo-15.2 m) | Ukunikezwa kwesevisi yokuphuza |
Ithangi lamanzi elikhulu eliboshwe ngamabhawudi | I-Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | Ukunikezwa kanye nokuqondisa |
Ithangi lesevisi yamanzi | I-Malaysia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 815 m³ | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi asetshenziswayo |
Isitoreji samanzi omlilo, amathangi amabili | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS | 8,930 m³ (amathangi amabili, cishe ububanzi obungu-19.87 m nokuphakama okungu-14.4 m) | Supply and site assembly |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngezibophezelo. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Kumanzi avuniwe kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi emvula lokhu kuhlanganisa amathangi e-GFS e-fused enamel kanye namathangi e-304 kanye ne-316L stainless, anikezwa nephethini yophahla lwedome ye-aluminium okubhekiselwa kuyo i-AWWA D108 kanye ne-API 650 nomoya neqhwa kusuka ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10, njengoba nje uphahla lwedome ye-aluminium lwethangi lamanzi emvula lucaciswa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe uphahla lwedome ethangini lamanzi emvula luyenza ivaleleke noma ibe nengcindezi?
Impendulo 1: Cha. Ithangi lihlala liyithuluzi elisemkhathini noma elinengcindezi ephansi yegeji, linomoya wokuphefumula njengoba izinga lokushisa kanye nezinga lokushisa kushintsha. Idome liyisivalo sesimo sezulu, hhayi umngcele wengcindezi.
Umbuzo 2: Yini idome eliyithuthukisayo ngempela ekhwalithini yamanzi avuniwe?
A2: Kugcina amaqabunga, amagatsha kanye nemfucumfucu yezinyoni kungangeni endaweni yokugcina amanzi esikhundleni sokuthi ukungcola kokuqala kwesizini kungene kuyo, kugcina ukukhanya kwelanga kungafinyeleli phezulu ukuze kuncishiswe ulwelwe, futhi kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi ngokuhwamuka. Ukwelashwa okulandelayo bese kusebenza ngomthwalo olula kanye nokugezwa okumbalwa.
Umbuzo 3: Kungani kungafakwa uqwembe endaweni eyindilinga?
Impendulo 3: I-aluminium izinzile endaweni emanzi neyomile engaphezu komugqa wamanzi ngaphandle kwesivikelo, ngakho uqwembe belungeke lengeze lutho ngaphandle kwendawo engase igcine iqhekeka futhi ikhiphe izinhlayiya emkhunjini wamanzi ahlanzekile.
Umbuzo 4: Yimiphi imigomo esetshenziswayo endaweni eyindilinga nethangini?
Impendulo 4: I-AWWA D108 yophahla oluyindilinga kanye ne-API 650 yogobolondo, nomthwalo womoya neqhwa ovela ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10. Ukuphakama ngaphansi kwesivunguvungu esiklanyelwe ngokuvamile kubusa uhlaka kunesisindo sendawo eyindilinga uqobo.
Umbuzo 5: Ingabe uphahla lungakhishwa ukuze luhlanjululwe?
Impendulo 5: Yebo. Indawo eyindilinga ixhunywe ngesihlanganisi esiboshiwe kanye ne-gasket, ngakho ingakhululwa futhi iphakanyiswe ngokucacile ngenkathi ithangi lichithwa futhi lihlanjululwa, bese liphinde lifakwe ngezinto ezintsha ze-gasket. Yingakho indawo eyindilinga eboshiwe inqoba isembozo esishiseliwe ethangini lamanzi emvula.
Q6: Yimuphi umthombo wethangi okufanele ube ngaphansi kwedome ye-aluminium?
A6: Kuncike emanzini. Amanzi emvula ajwayelekile okunisela noma okokuhlanza ngokupholisa asetshenziswa kahle yithangi le-GFS eline-enamel ehlanganisiwe elinendawo ebushelelezi; amanzi amnyama noma ane-asidi avela ophahleni lwensimbi, noma izindawo zasogwini ezinamakloridi, zingase zidinge i-316L stainless esikhundleni salokho.
Q7: Yini okufanele ibe sekuhlolweni lwaphakathi nonyaka lophahla?
A7: Isimo se-gasket ezungeze umjikelezo, ukuqina kwezibophezelo kuwo wonke umhlangano, ukusebenza ngokukhululekile kwesiphephetha nomnyango wokungena, kanye nesikhumba sedome esihlolwa ngemuva kwesimo sezulu esibi. Qinisekisa futhi ukuthi isisekelo sethangi asizange sihlehle ngokwanele ukuthi sisonakalise phezulu kwegobolondo.
Idome lizenzela imali yalo ethangini lamanzi emvula ngokuvikela amanzi ngaphambi kokuba isitshalo sokuhlanza siwabone, ligcine ukukhanya kwelanga nemfucumfucu zingangeni endaweni yokugcina, futhi limelane nebhande elishisayo nelimanzi elicekela phansi uphahla lwensimbi ene-coating. Ubunjiniyela balo bugxile ezindaweni ezimbili: izimo zomthwalo, lapho ukuphakama komoya nemvula eqhwa kunquma uhlaka, kanye nomhlangano oboshiwe one-gasket, okuyiyonke indawo yokulungisa. Khetha into yethangi kusuka ekhemistri yendawo yokuthwebula kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe, futhi ugcine ukuhlelwa kusemkhathini. Uma kwenziwa kanjalo, uphahla luzodlula iphampu eluyiphakelayo.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele ububanzi nokuphakama kwethangi, into yokubamba amanzi nokuthi ingabe i-first flush isivele ijikisiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuhlosiwe, isivinini somoya esijwayelekile sendawo kanye nomthwalo weqhwa elisemhlabathini, kanye nezinga lokusebenza elijwayelekile. Sizobuyisela ukuhlolwa komthwalo wedome, imininingwane yokunamathisela nokukhipha umoya, isincomo se-gasket, kanye nefayela eliphelele lomdwebo kanye nencazelo yophahla. Uthola ubunjiniyela kuqala, ngaphandle kwesibopho esinamathiselwe.
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