Uphahla Lwedome Lwe-Aluminium Lwethangi Lamanzi Lezolimo
Kwadalwa ngo 02.04
Uphahla Lwedome Lwe-Aluminium Lwethangi Lamanzi Lezolimo
I-dome yesilingi ye-aluminium yethangi lamanzi lezolimo iyisivalo esiqinile esibhekiselwa ku-AWWA D108 neqokobhe lethangi ku-API 650, ethwala umthwalo womoya neqhwa ovela ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10, exhunywe ngokuhlangana okuboshiwe okune-gasket phezulu kwethangi. Ivimbela amaqabunga, imfucumfucu yezinyoni nomthunzi welanga ukuthi kungafinyeleli emanzini agciniwe, inciphisa ukulahleka okumile okuvela endaweni evulekile, futhi inikeza iqokobhe lesimo sezulu elihambekayo ukuze kuhlolwe. I-aluminium iyasinda emjikelezweni wokumanzi nowomile emgqeni wamanzi ngaphandle kwe-coating yangaphakathi, futhi isilingi singavulwa ngokukhulula amabhawudi lapho kungena ethangini. Ithangi nesilingi kuhlala kuyimishini ye-atmospheric.
Epulazini ithangi lamanzi liyimpahla engacaciswanga kahle esizeni futhi yiyo yonke enye into encike kuyo. Isidingo sokunisela siba ngesizini, umthombo noma indawo yokuqoqa imvula akunjalo, futhi isikhala esiphakathi kwazo yithangi elihlala livulekile izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili zonyaka lithatha amaqabunga, imfucumfucu yezilwane nomkhanya welanga. Bese kufika isizini yesithwathwa, lapho isivalo esisicaba esivulekile siqoqa iqhwa okungekho muntu ozosishovela, futhi ukuhlolwa kwentwasahlobo kuthola uphahla olugudluzwe umoya kanye ne-gasket eseyaqina. Uphahla lwedome lwe-aluminium lwethangi lamanzi lezolimo yikhona okwenza kuhlanganiswe leli gebe ngaphandle kokwenza ithangi libe yisakhiwo okungekho muntu ongalivula.
Kungani idome linqoba isiqongo esivulekile noma idiski elintantayo
Idome eliqinile ligcina amanzi ehlanzekile ngaphandle kokwengeza izingxenye ezinyakazayo. Idiski elintantayo liyasebenza kodwa lihamba nezinga lamanzi, lidinga imihlahlandlela, futhi ekugcineni lidabule isivalo lapho lihlangana khona neqokobhe. Isivalo esiyisicaba esishiselwe sixazulula ukungcola kodwa siyabiza, asikwazi ukususwa, futhi siguqula ithangi libe yindawo evaliweyo kukho konke ukuhlolwa. Idome alinazo izingxenye ezinyakazayo, lihlala ngaphezu kwezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lamanzi, futhi linamathele phezulu eqokobheni ngokuhlangana okuboshiwe kanye ne-gasket, ukuze umsebenzisi akwazi ukukhulula amabhawudi futhi aliphakamise lapho ithangi kufanele kungenwe kulo. Imvula enela edome ihamba emhlabathini kunokuba ingene ethangini, okuphinde kugcine ukubalwa kwamanzi okwengezwayo kunembile.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto, nokuthi kungani i-aluminium ibamba umugqa wamanzi
I-Aluminium izinzile endaweni emanzi neyomile eyonakalisa uphahla lwensimbi ye-carbon. Noma yiliphi ithangi lamanzi elivulekile linomugqa ongaphezu nje kwezinga elijwayelekile lapho umhwamuko ujijeka khona futhi ukuchaphaza kugcina indawo ingaphezulu lamanzi imanzi amasonto ngamanye. Ophahleni lwensimbi ye-carbon lowo mugqa uba yindawo yokuqala yokubhoboza; ku-aluminium wona lowo mugqa uwumsebenzi ojwayelekile ngoba ingxubevange yakha futhi igcine i-oxide encane ezinzile. Leso sakhiwo futhi yisona sizathu sokuthi i-dome akufanele inikezwe i-coating yangaphakathi: akukho lutho okufanele luvikelwe, futhi i-coating endaweni ethinta amanzi iyingozi yokugezwa nokuhlolwa. Lapho amanzi egcwele i-chloride kakhulu — ukuchelela kwasogwini, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba anomunyu — yandisa lokho kucabanga odongeni lwethangi futhi ucabange nge-316L stainless noma indawo ye-enamel ehlanganisiwe esikhundleni sensimbi ye-carbon ejwayelekile.
Izimo zomthwalo: ukukhushulwa komoya kanye nokudonsa kuyabusa, hhayi isisindo sawo
I-dome elula ilawulwa ukuphakama, hhayi iqhwa. Izingxenye ze-aluminium dome zenzelwe ukuba zibe lula ngamabomu, ngakho umthwalo wokufa mncane futhi izimo ezilinganisa uhlaka zivela kungcindezi engemihle ngaphansi komoya okhethiwe kanye nomthwalo weqhwa eliqhuzukayo eduze komugqa wokuqala nasesiqongweni se-dome. Izincwadi ezisetshenzisiwe yi-AWWA D108 yophahla lwe-dome kanye ne-API 650 yethangi elihlala kulo, nomoya neqhwa kuvela ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10. Lokho kusho ukuthi uphahla alunakucashunwa kukhathalogi yamadome ajwayelekile: isivinini somoya esiyisisekelo, isigaba sokuchayeka, umthwalo weqhwa lomhlaba kanye nesici sokubaluleka sendawo, kanye nobubanzi bethangi, kunquma usayizi wamalungu kanye nokubophelela komjikelezo. Imininingwane yomjikelezo encane kakhulu iyindlela evame kakhulu yokuthi i-dome yehluleke, futhi ivamise ukwehluleka kuqala endaweni ephakeme yasogwadule noma yasogwini.
Umhlangano, isiphephetha-moya kanye nohlu lokuhlola
Ijoyini le-perimeter yiyona ndaba yonke yokunakekela. Ethangini eliboshwe ngamabhawudi, idome ithwalwa phezu kweflange ephezulu yesikhumba ngokusebenzisa ijoyini eliboshwe ngamabhawudi eline-gasket, ngokuvamile i-EPDM yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Lelo joyini yilapho ukuguga kubonakala khona: i-gasket iyaqina futhi iqhekeke, izibophezelo ziyaxega ngemva kwesizini yokudlidliza nokushintsha kokushisa, futhi ingaphezulu lesikhumba lingonakala uma ithangi lihlale lingalingani. Ngakho-ke uhlu lokuhlola lufushane futhi lunomkhawulo — isimo se-gasket, i-torque yezibophezelo kulo lonke i-perimeter, i-vent nanoma yiluphi ukhwishi lokungena, kanye nesikhumba ngokwaso ngemva kwesiphepho esinamandla — futhi kufanele kube kuhlelo lokunakekela lwepulazi lwaminyaka yonke kunokuba kube ohlwini lokubizelwa.
Ukufanisa uphahla nethangi eliluthwalayo
Khetha into yetanki kuqala; uphahla lulandela ikhemistri. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwezolimo kuhlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo ezibanzi: amanzi emvula ahlanzekile abanjwe eshedini noma ophahleni lwesilo, amanzi okunisela avela emthonjeni, kanye namanzi emfuyo anomquba kanye nomthwalo ophezulu wamagciwane. Kumanzi ezolimo ahlanzekile futhi ajwayelekile, itanki lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi elinendawo yokugqoka ye-enamel ehlanganisiwe kanye nokuhambisana kwe-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS kuyimpendulo evamile futhi engabizi, futhi ungqimba lwe-enamel olungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm oluhlanganiswe ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C lubushelelezi ngaphansi kwe-0.8 µm Ra, ngakho-ke luhlala luhlanzekile futhi alugcini ubumnyama. Izidingo zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu noma amanzi angaphansi ane-chloride ephezulu akhomba ku-304 noma ku-316L yensimbi engagqwali esikhundleni salokho, kanti i-316L isetshenziswa lapho i-chloride ikhona. Noma yiluphi inqubo eliyidingayo, idome elingaphezulu kwayo lihlala liyi-aluminium, futhi itanki lihlala liyithuluzi lomoya noma lokucindezela okuphansi kwegeji kulo lonke.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga ledome | AWWA D108 | Inkomba yophahla lwedome |
Inkomba yegobolondo | API 650 | Ithangi elithwala idome |
Umthwalo womoya neqhwa | ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 | Izimo ezilawulayo zohlaka |
Impahla yedome | I-Aluminium | I-oxide ezinzile, akudingeki i-coating yangaphakathi |
Okunamathiselwe | Ukuhlangana okuboshwe ngamabhawudi nge-gasket | I-EPDM gasket yensiza yamanzi, iyasuswa |
Uhlobo lwethangi | I-atmospheric / ingcindezi ephansi ye-gauge | Akusona umngcele wengcindezi |
Izinketho zegobolondo | I-GFS enamel, i-304 noma i-316L stainless | Ikhethwa yi-chemistry yamanzi |
Isendlalelo se-Enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm ehlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C | Ra ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm, kulula ukuyihlanza |
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi | 1500 V DC | Ukuhlolwa kwe-holiday ngepuleti ngalinye lapho kusetshenziswa i-enamel |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ iminyaka engama-30 | Ethangini ngaphansi kwesevisi evamile |
Okufanele kuthunyelwe lapho ucela uphahla
Isilinganiso sophahla siba nembayo lapho izinto ezinhlanu zihamba nalo. Nikeza ububanzi bethangi nokuphakama kwesigoba esiqondile, ngoba ububanzi bedome bulandela lezi. Nikeza isivinini somoya esiyisisekelo sendawo, umthwalo weqhwa lomhlaba, isigaba sokuchayeka kanye nesici sokubaluleka, ngoba lezi zibeka usayizi wamalungu. Nikeza izinga lamanzi elijwayelekile lokusebenza kanye nezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokwehla, ngoba idome elinendawo yokuphefumula kufanele isahambisane nokuphefumula kanye nanoma iyiphi ingozi yokuqhwala. Shono ukuthi amanzi ayaphuzwa, ayokunisela noma ayemfuyo, nokuthi ingabe i-chloride ikhona, okunquma into esetshenziswayo egobolweni. Ekugcineni, phawula ukuthi ingabe indlela yokuhamba, isivalo sokungena noma indawo yokuphefumula efakwe ophahleni iyafuneka, nokuthi ingabe ithangi kulindeleke ukuthi likhuliswe kamuva — uma kunjalo, ingaphezulu legobolwa lidinga ukuklanywa ukuze lithwale umthwalo owengeziwe wedome manje.
Icala Lomklamo
Iphrojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi aphuzwayo | Malaysia | Ithangi le-GFS | 20,380 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwensizakalo yamanzi okuphuza |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuphuza | Indonesia | Ithangi le-GFS | 21,099 m³ (cishe u-42.04 m ububanzi ngo-15.2 m) | Ukunikezwa kwensiza yokuphuza |
Ithangi lamanzi elikhulu eliboshwe ngamabhawudi | INamibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | Ukunikezwa nokuqondisa |
Isitoreji samanzi omlilo, amathangi amabili | ISichuan, eChina | Ithangi le-GFS | 8,930 m³ (amathangi amabili, cishe u-19.87 m ububanzi ngo-14.4 m) | Ukunikezwa nokuhlanganiswa endaweni |
Isitoreji samanzi angcolile kamasipala | ISichuan, eChina | Amathangi e-GFS | 17,420 m³ kumasethi angu-10 | Ukulethwa kukamasipala ngamathangi amaningi |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela le-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngezibophezelo. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Okokugcina amanzi asepulazini nasezolimo lokhu kuhlanganisa amathangi e-GFS ane-enamel ehlanganisiwe, amathangi e-stainless e-304 ne-316L, kanye nephakethe lophahla lwedome le-aluminium elibhekiselwe ku-AWWA D108 ne-API 650 ngomoya neqhwa okuvela ku-ADM 2015 ne-ASCE 7-10, elihlinzekwa njengophahla lwedome le-aluminium lwethangi lamanzi lezolimo kanye nethangi elilivalayo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ukufaka uphahla lwedome kwenza ithangi libe nomfutho?
Impendulo 1: Cha. Idome liyisivalo esiqinile ethangini elinomfutho womoya ovamile noma ophansi. Kunikezwa isiphephetha ukuze ithangi likwazi ukuphefumula ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, futhi akukho lutho ekuhlelweni kophahla oludala umngcele womfutho.
Umbuzo 2: Kungani i-aluminium ikhethwa kunensimbi ependiwe kudome?
Impendulo 2: Ibhande elingaphezu komugqa wamanzi lihlala limanzi ngenxa yokujiya nokuchaphaza, okuyilapho uphahla lwensimbi ependiwe noma lwe-galvanized lubola khona kuqala. I-aluminium izinzile ngaphansi kwalowo mjikelezo wokumanzi nokoma futhi ayidingi mbozo wangaphakathi, ngakho akukho filimu okufanele ihlolwe noma igcwaliswe emanzini.
Umbuzo 3: Yimiphi imigomo esebenzayo edome?
Impendulo 3: I-AWWA D108 yophahla lwedome kanye ne-API 650 yogobolondo lethangi, nomthwalo womoya neqhwa ubalwa kusukela ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10. Ezindaweni eziningi ukuphakama ngaphansi komoya okuklanyelwe kubusa ukulinganisa kwelungu kunesisindo sedome uqobo.
Umbuzo 4: Ingabe uphahla lungasuswa uma ithangi kufanele lihlanjululwe?
Impendulo 4: Yebo. Idome linamatheliswa phezulu kwegobolondo ngesihlanganisi esiboshiwe kanye ne-gasket, ngakho-ke ingaxegiswa futhi iphakanyiswe ukuze kungenelele ethangini bese iphinde ifakwe. Lesi yisizathu esingokoqobo sokuthanda idome eliboshiwe kunekhava elishiselwe.
Umbuzo 5: Ngikhetha kanjani phakathi kwethangi le-GFS nethangi lensimbi engagqwali ngaphansi kwedome?
A5: Yibeke ngekhemistri yamanzi nokuhlanzeka. Ukuchelela okuvamile namanzi emfuyo angenazo izinto ezinolaka ngokuvamile kuhlinzekwa ngedanki le-GFS le-enamel elincibilikisiwe elihambisana ne-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS. Amanzi angaphansi ane-chloride ephezulu, umthombo wamanzi anosawoti noma izidingo zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu zikhomba ku-304 noma i-316L stainless, kanti i-316L isetshenziswa lapho kukhona i-chloride.
Q6: Yini okufanele ihlolwe ophahleni minyaka yonke?
A6: I-perimeter gasket yokuqina noma ukuqhekeka, ukuqina kwe-fastener kulo lonke ijoyinti, i-vent ne-access hatch ukuze zisebenze ngokukhululekile, isikhumba ngemuva kwesiphepho esikhulu, kanye nesisekelo sedanki ukuze kutholakale ukuhla okungadiliza ingaphezulu legobolondo.
Q7: Ingabe uphahla lungalinganiswa manje lwedanki elizokhuliswa kamuva?
A7: Yebo, futhi kwenziwa kangcono ngaleyo ndlela. Tshela umakhi ukuthi ukwanda kungenzeka, futhi phezulu kwegobolondo nesisekelo kuzoqiniswa ukuze kube negobolondo elide noma ububanzi obukhulu manje, okushibhe kakhulu kunokuqinisa ithangi eliqediwe kamuva.
Idome iwukuthuthukiswa okushibhile okuhlala isikhathi eside ithangi lasemapulazini elivulekile elingakuthatha: igcina imfucumfucu nokukhanya kwelanga ngaphandle emanzini, inciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi okuma, inikeza abasebenzi indawo okungahamba kuyo ukuze bahlole, futhi iyakhululwa ngamabhawudi lapho ithangi lidinga ukungena. Ubunjiniyela bayo busekelwe ezimweni zomthwalo nasekuxhumaneni — umoya ovunguzayo ophakamisayo neqhwa eligwinyayo kunquma uhlaka, kanti umjikelezo onamabhawudi ane-gasket unquma ukunakekelwa. Khetha into yethangi kusukela ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali amanzi ngaphambi kokukhetha into yedome, futhi gcina umcabango wokuthi ithangi lihlala lingaphansi komfutho womoya, ngoba ithangi lamanzi lasemapulazini akufanele neze libe yindaba yengcindezi.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele ububanzi nobude bethangi, ukuthi likhona noma lisha, umthombo wamanzi nokuthi i-chloride ikhona yini, isivinini somoya esiyisisekelo sendawo kanye nomthwalo weqhwa elisemhlabathini, kanye nezinga lokwehla elijwayelekile. Sizobuyisela ukuhlolwa komthwalo wedome, imininingwane yokunamathisela ne-gasket, isincomo se-vent nokufinyelela, kanye namadrowa nefayela le-specification lephakethe lophahla. Izinombolo nemibhalo kuqala; ingxoxo yezentengiselwano kuphela uma uyifuna.
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