Uphahla Lwedome Lwe-Aluminum Lwethangi Lamanzi Eluhlaza Lensimbi Engagqwali
Kwadalwa ngo 02.03
Uphahla Lwedome Lwe-Aluminium Lwethangi Lamanzi Aluhlaza Lensimbi Engagqwali
I-dome yesilingi yaluminium yethangi lamanzi aluhlaza lensimbi engagqwali iyisembozo esiqinile esizisekelayo esithwelwe ugobolondo lwethangi, ngokulandela i-AWWA D108 ne-API 650, nomthwalo womoya neqhwa uthathwe ku-ADM 2015 ne-ASCE 7-10. Igcina amanzi emvula, amaqabunga nemfucumfucu zingangeni esitolo, yehlisa ukulahleka kwesitolo esimile ebusweni bamanzi futhi inikeza abasebenzi isivikelo sezulu esihambekayo ukuze bahlole. I-aluminium ayimanzi noma ayigqwali endaweni yokushintsha isuka emanzini iya emhwamukeni njengoba kwenza insimbi yekhabhoni, ngakho i-dome ifanele ithangi lamanzi aluhlaza lensimbi engagqwali engu-304 noma engu-316L ngaphandle kokwengeza i-coating yangaphakathi. Uphahla luboshelwa ngamabhawudi phezulu kogobolondo futhi lungakhishwa ukuze kungenelele ethangini.
Umlawuli esitshalweni esincane sokwelapha amanzi uyazi kahle inkinga: ithangi lamanzi angcolile livulekile, ngakho amaqabunga, izinyoni kanye nemvula konke kungena, izinga lishintshashintsha ngenxa yokuhwamuka, futhi ukungena kokuhlola kuba umsebenzi wendawo evinjiwe njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Isixazululo esivamile kungaba idiski elintantayo elengeza ukunakekelwa kwalo, noma isembozo sikakhonkolo esibiza ngaphezu kwethangi futhi esingakwazi ukususwa lapho umkhumbi kufanele ungenwe ukuze uhlanzwe. Idome eliqinile le-aluminium liphendula konke lokhu kathathu ngaphandle kokuguqula ithangi libe yisitsha sokucindezela, futhi ethangini lamanzi angcolile lensimbi engagqwali likwenza lokho ngaphandle kokwethula into yokumboza engaqhumeleka emgqeni wamanzi. Ngamafuphi, uphahla lwedome le-aluminium lethangi lamanzi angcolile lensimbi engagqwali luyisivalo esiboshiwe futhi esisusekayo esibhekiswa ku-AWWA D108 kanye negobolondo ku-API 650, futhi lihlala linjalo ngenkathi i-gasket kanye ne-vent kuhlolwa ngesikhathi sethangi.
Kungani i-aluminium iyinto efanele yedome phezu kwamanzi
I-Aluminium imelana nomjikelezo wokumanzi nokoma obulala uphahla lwe-carbon steel. Emathangini amanzi angahluziwe indawo embi kakhulu kunoma yiluphi uphahla lwensimbi iyindawo eseduze nje komugqa wamanzi oguquguqukayo, lapho umhwamuko ojiyile kanye nokutshiza kugcina khona ifilimu yamanzi ngaphansi kwepuleti lonke ehlobo. I-Aluminium yakha i-oxide yayo ezinzile, ngakho-ke leso simo sokushintshashintsha kokumanzi nokoma simane sibe ukusebenza esikhundleni sokugqwala, futhi idome lihlala lihlanzekile ngokwanele ukuze lisetshenziselwe amanzi okuphuza ngaphandle kwesembozo sangaphakathi. Lapho amanzi angahluziwe ethwala i-chloride — indawo yokungena yasogwini noma umthombo onosawoti — impikiswano efanayo iphoqa uqweqwe lwethangi ukuba lube yi-316L, futhi ukukhethwa kwempahla yedome kulandela ukucabanga okufanayo. Idome alimanzi, ngakho-ke ukulahleka kwesitoreji esimile okuvela endaweni evulekile kuyancipha futhi izinga lamanzi elibonwa uhlelo lokuhlunga olulandelayo lizinzile.
Isisekelo esijwayelekile kanye nezimo zomthwalo ezilawulayo
I-dome roof yakhelwe emazingeni ashicilelwe alandelanayo, hhayi emkhubeni wokuthengisa. Izinkomba ezimbili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ku-aluminum dome kanye nethangi layo yi-AWWA D108 yedome roof kanye ne-API 650 ye-tank shell elihlala kuyo; umthwalo womoya neqhwa ebusweni bedome uvela ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10. Empeleni icala elibusayo akuvamisile ukuba ngumthwalo wamandla adonsela phansi. Idome elilula linomthwalo ocishile ophansi, ngakho ukuphakama ngaphansi komoya oqhubekayo wokuklama kanye nokugcwala kweqhwa endaweni yesiphetho kuyabusa usayizi wamalungu kanye nemininingwane ye-anchor. Yingakho umhlinzeki wedome edinga isivinini somoya esiklanyelwe isiza, umthwalo weqhwa ophansi, isigaba sokuchayeka kanye nesici sokubaluleka ngaphambi kokuba kukhethwe iphrofayili yephaneli, futhi kungakho i-top flange ye-shell kufanele ichazwe ngemininingwane yokudluliswa komthwalo wedome hhayi nje nge-handrail.
Indlela uphahla oluxhuma ngayo, nokuthi lokho kusho ukuthini ekusebenzeni
Idome iyisisetshenziswa esiboshwe ngezibophezelo ethangini, akusiyo ingxenye yomngcele wengcindezi. Amaphaneli edome athwalwa ohlakeni noma ephethini ye-geodesic ezisekelayo futhi ananyathiselwa phezulu ethangini ngokuhlangana okuboshwe ngezibophezelo kanye ne-gasket, ngokuvamile i-EPDM yokusetshenziswa okuphuzwayo. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlangana kuboshwe ngezibophezelo, lonke uphahla lungaxegiswa futhi lususwe lapho ithangi likhishwa ekusebenzeni ukuze lihlolwe noma kulungiswe i-liner, okuyinzuzo yangempela uma kuqhathaniswa nesembozo esishiselwe. Ama-gasket ayaguga, ngakho uhlu lokuhlola lufushane futhi luqondile: isimo se-gasket endaweni yokuhlangana yomngcele, ukuqina kwezibophezelo, i-vent nanoma iyiphi i-hatch yokungena, kanye nokuqhekeka noma ukukhathala esikhumbeni sedome ngemva kweminyaka yokulayishwa umoya.
Igebe phakathi kwethangi lensimbi engagqwali nethangi le-GFS
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha lapha kuyisinqumo esiseceleni koketshezi okufanele uphahla luhambisane nalo. Ithangi lamanzi aluhlaza lensimbi engagqwali esigabeni esingu-304 lilingana namanzi ajwayelekile kanye nokusetshenziswa okuseduze nokudla; i-316L iyisinqumo lapho i-chloride noma i-sulfate ikhona emanzini omsuka. Insimbi engagqwali ibiza izikhathi eziningana kunethangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi ngevolumu efanayo, ngakho umbuzo ofanele emhlanganweni wokuklama ukuthi umsebenzi udinga ngempela insimbi engagqwali — amanzi okwenziwa ahlanzekile kakhulu, umsuka one-chloride ephezulu, noma isigaba senhlanzeko — noma ingabe ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi elinendawo ehlanganiswe nge-enamel kanye nokuhambisana ne-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS lingathwala umsebenzi ofanayo ngenani eliphansi. Lapho inqubo idinga ngempela insimbi engagqwali, idome elingaphezulu kwayo kufanele lisasebenza nge-aluminium, ngoba i-aluminium igcina indawo yomhwamuko ihlanzekile futhi ayengezi isembozo sezinto eziphilayo emkhunjini okungukuphela kwesizathu sawo kwakuwukungabi nasici.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga ledome | AWWA D108 | Incwadi yokuklama uphahla lwedome |
Incwadi yegobolondo lethangi | API 650 | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali elithwala idome |
Umthwalo womoya neqhwa | ADM 2015 / ASCE 7-10 | Izimo zomthwalo ezilawulayo zohlaka lwedome |
Impahla yedome | I-aluminium | Indawo engamanzi, ezivikelayo ye-oxide |
Impahla yogobolondo lwethangi | 304 / 316L insimbi engagqwali | 316L yamanzi omthombo ane-chloride |
Uhlobo lwethangi | I-atmospheric / ingcindezi ephansi yegeji | Uphahla alusona umngcele wengcindezi |
Ijoyinti lomjikelezo | Kuboshwe nge-gasket | I-gasket ye-EPDM yensizakalo yokuphuza, iyasuswa ukuze kungene |
Imvume yokugqwala | Ayidingeki ku-aluminium | Umjikelezo wokumanzi-okomile uyinsizakalo evamile |
Ukubopha ngezibhawodi | Amabhawodi ezinga 8.8 | Where the dome frame meets the shell |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo wethangi | ≥ iminyaka engama-30 | Umndeni ohlanganiswe nge-enamel lapho kusetshenziswa khona i-GFS |
Ukucacisa uphahla lwephrojekthi yethangi lamanzi aluhlaza
Oda uphahla ngemininingwane efanayo nethangi, kungenjalo luzobuya njenge-oda yoshintsho. Qala ngehange: ububanzi nokuphakama kwengxenye eqondile yesikhumba, ireferensi yekhodi yokuklama okuvunyelwene ngayo enkontilekeni, izinga lezinto zokwakha zesikhumba kanye nokuhlelwa kwama-nozzle aphezulu. Engeza idatha yemvelo yendawo — isivinini somoya esiyisisekelo, umthwalo weqhwa lomhlaba, isigaba sokuchayeka, ukuzamazama komhlaba kanye nesici sokubaluleka — ngoba lezo zibeka usayizi wamalungu edome. Bese ulungisa imininingwane yokusebenza ebumba uphahla: ukuthi ingabe ithangi lidonswa lifike ezingeni eliphansi eliveza indawo ebanzi yamanzi, ukuthi ingabe indawo yokungena ihlanganisa ukuhlunga okungangcoliswa imfucumfucu, ukuthi ingabe kufunwa isivalo sokungena kanye ne-vent, nokuthi ingabe ithangi lihlala endaweni lapho uphahla kufanele luthwale indlela yokuhamba ukuze kuhlolwe. Uma amanzi aluhlaza ehloselwe ukusatshalaliswa njengamanzi okuphuzwayo, i-gasket kanye nanoma iyiphi into yokungena edome kufanele kubalwe ukuthi ithinte amanzi okuphuzwayo ngaphansi kwe-NSF/ANSI 61 noma i-WRAS.
Isimo Somklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ithangi lokugcina imfucuza yendwangu | Tunisia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 846 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwethangi elingagqwali lensimbi yensiza yendle |
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi angcolile kamasipala | Czech Republic | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 647 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwethangi lensimbi engagqwali lasebenza emanzini angcolile |
Ithangi lamanzi asetshenziswayo | Malaysia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 815 m³ | Ukunikezwa kwethangi lensimbi engagqwali lamanzi asetshenziswayo |
Ithangi lamanzi elikhulu eliboshwe ngamabhawudi | Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | Ukunikezwa nokuqondisa |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi aphuzwayo | Indonesia | Ithangi le-GFS | 21,099 m³ (cishe ububanzi obungu-42.04 m ngesikhathi esingu-15.2 m) | Ukunikezwa kwensizakalo yamanzi okuphuza |
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngezibophezelo. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Kulokhu kugcinwa kwamanzi okunophahla lokhu kuhlanganisa amathangi e-304 ne-316L stainless steel, amathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel anezindawo ze-enamel ezincibilikisiwe, kanye nephakethe lophahla lwe-aluminium dome elibhekiselwe ku-AWWA D108 ne-API 650 nomoya neqhwa kusuka ku-ADM 2015 ne-ASCE 7-10 ophahleni lwe-aluminium dome lwethangi lamanzi aluhlaza e-stainless steel.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe uphahla lwe-aluminium dome lwenza ithangi libe yisitsha sokucindezela?
A1: Cha. Uphahla lwedome luhlala phezu kwethangi lomoya ophansi noma elingenawo umfutho futhi alusona umngcele wengcindezi. Luhlose ukugcina indawo engaphezulu ivaliwe emfucumfucwini nokuhwamuka, hhayi ukubamba ingcindezi; noma yikuphi ukuphuma komoya kuklanyelwe ukuphefumula, hhayi igesi yenqubo.
Q2: Kungani i-aluminium esikhundleni sedome lensimbi elihlanganisiwe?
A2: Umugqa womile-manzi ongenhla komugqa wamanzi uyindawo egqwala ngokushesha kunazo zonke kunoma yiluphi uphahla lwensimbi. I-aluminium izinzile ngaphansi kwalowo mjikelezo, ayidingi ukuhlanganiswa kwangaphakathi, futhi igcina indawo yomhwamuko ophuzwayo ingenazo izinto zokuhlanganisa eziphilayo.
Q3: Iyiphi indinganiso okwakhiwe ngayo idome?
A3: I-AWWA D108 iyireferensi yophahla lwedome kanti i-API 650 yethangi lensimbi elihlala kulo, nomthwalo womoya neqhwa usuka ku-ADM 2015 kanye ne-ASCE 7-10. Icala elilawulayo ngokuvamile ukukhushulwa ngaphansi komoya oklanyelwe kunesisindo seqhwa.
Umbuzo 4: Kunini lapho ithangi lensimbi engagqwali linqoba ithangi lengilazi elihlanganiswe nensimbi?
Impendulo 4: Lapho umsebenzi udinga ngempela insimbi engagqwali: amanzi okwenziwa ahlanzekile kakhulu noma ezingeni le-RO, amanzi omthombo ane-chloride ephezulu, noma izinga lenhlanzeko elingavumeli udonga lwensimbi olugcotshiwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ithangi le-GFS le-enamel elihlanganisiwe eline-NSF/ANSI 61 kanye nokuhambisana ne-WRAS ngokuvamile lithwala umsebenzi ofanayo ngezindleko eziphansi.
Umbuzo 5: Ingabe idome lingasuswa lapho ithangi kufanele kungenwe kulo?
Impendulo 5: Yebo. Idome linamatheliswe phezulu kwethangi ngesihlanganisi esiboshiwe kanye ne-gasket, ngakho-ke lingavulwa futhi liphakanyiswe ukuze kuhlolwe, kuhlanzwe noma kulungiswe ugobolondo, bese liphinde lifakwe. Lokhu kuyinzuzo engokoqobo uma kuqhathaniswa nesembozo esishiseliwe noma esisakhiwe.
Umbuzo 6: Yini okufanele ibe kuhlu lokuhlola uphahla?
A6: Isimo se-perimeter gasket, ukuqina kwe-fastener kulo lonke uhlaka lwe-dome, ukusebenza kwe-vent ne-access hatch ngemuva kweminyaka yokulayishwa komoya, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuqhekeka noma uphawu lokukhathala esikhumbeni se-dome. Isikhumba se-dome kufanele futhi sihlolwe ngemuva kwezigameko ezingajwayelekile.
Q7: Yiluphi ulwazi okudingeka ngiluthumele ukuze ngithole isilinganiso sophahla?
A7: Ububanzi nokuphakama kwethangi, izinga lezinto zokwakha igobolondo kanye nereferensi yokuklama okuvunyelwene ngayo, isivinini somoya esiyisisekelo, umthwalo weqhwa emhlabathini, isigaba sokuchayeka kanye nesici sokubaluleka, kanye nezinga lokwehla kokusebenza nokuthi ingabe insiza yamanzi okuphuza.
I-dome ye-aluminium eqinile iyimpendulo eshibhile futhi ehlala isikhathi eside ethangini lamanzi elivulekile: igcina imfucumfucu ngaphandle, inciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi okuma phezulu, inikeza indawo ezinzile yomhwamuko wokulungela kwamanzi, futhi iyakhishwa ngosuku lapho kungenwa ethangini. Ukunemba kobunjiniyela kusekucatshangelweni kwemithwalo — ukuphakama komoya kanye nokunqwabelana kweqhwa ngokuvamile kubusa ngaphezu kwesisindo sawo — nasekuhlanganyeleni kwezinto, lapho izinga legobolondo linqunywa yikhemistri yamanzi omsuka kanti i-dome ishiywa i-aluminium. Uma ithangi ngokwalo lingadingi i-stainless, xazulula lowo mbuzo ngaphambi koku-oda uphahla, ngoba into yophahla inengqondo kuphela phezu kwesitsha esidingwa yinqubo ngempela.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele ububanzi nobude bethangi, into yegobolondo oyicacisile noma osakala ngayo, isivinini somoya esiklanyelwe kanye nomthwalo weqhwa lomhlaba wesiza, izinga lokwehla elijwayelekile, nokuthi ingabe insiza yokuphuza yini. Sizobuyisela ukuhlolwa komthwalo wophahla, imininingwane yokunamathisela kwedome, isincomo se-gasket ne-vent, kanye nesicaciso kanye nesethi yomdwebo wephakethe lophahla. Uzobona izinombolo kanye nohlu lwamafayela ngaphambi kokuba noma yikuphi ukuxoxisana kwezebhizinisi kuqale.
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