Izitanki Zensimbi Ezigalelwe Igolide Ze-AWWA D103: Izixazululo Zokugcina Ezingabizi Kakhulu, Ezinokusebenza Okuphezulu
Kwadalwa ngo 06.10
Amathangi Ensipho Agqitshwe Ngokushisa (AWWA D103): Izixazululo Zokugcina Ezingabizi Kakhulu, Eziphakeme Kakhulu
Ekuphathweni kwamanzi emhlabeni wonke kanye nemiklamo yengqalasizinda yezimboni, ukulinganisa ubude besikhathi sezimpahla nezimiso eziqinile zezimali kuyinselele engapheli. Ezinhlelweni ezifana nokugcina amanzi okuvikela umlilo, ukunisela ezolimo, kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile emadolobheni, Amathangi Ensini Aganiswe Ngokwe-AWWA D103 ahlinzeka ngesisombululo esithembekile kakhulu, esinamandla aphezulu, nesisebenza kahle kakhulu sokugcina.
Ngokuhlanganisa izibalo eziqinile zesakhiwo ze-American Water Works Association (AWWA) nokuvikelwa kwensimbi okuhlolwe isikhathi okokugqamisa okushisayo (HDG), lawa mathangi ahlanganiswe ngamamojula ahlinzeka ngokuthunyelwa ngokushesha nokuvikelwa okuhlala njalo ekugqwaleni ngaphandle kwezindleko eziphakeme zokuqala zamathangi ezingxubevange ezisezingeni eliphezulu noma izendlalelo zengilazi ezikhethekile.
1. Uhlaka Lwesakhiwo: Ukuhambisana ne-AWWA D103
Izinga le-ANSI/AWWA D103 liyisibonelo esihamba phambili esilawula amathangi ensimbi eqinile, aqinisiwe, enziwe efemini, asetshenziselwa ukugcina amanzi. Lapho ithangi eliqinisiwe lenziwa ngaleli zinga, liqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo somzimba senziwe kahle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha okuphezulu nokukhuthazela komshini:
● Ubunjiniyela bezindawo ezithile: Imiklamo yesakhiwo ibalwa iringi-nge-ring ukuze ibhekane namandla emvelo endawo, okuhlanganisa nemimoya enamandla (kufika ku-250 km/h), ukuqoqwa kweqhwa, nemisebenzi yase-seismic yesifunda.
● Izibalo zengcindezi ye-Hydrostatic: Ubukhulu bamaphaneli ensimbi eqinile, enomfutho ophakeme, bubalwa ngokunembayo ukuze bubhekane nengcindezi enkulu eseceleni nephansi ebekwa umgomo woketshezi olugciniwe.
● Izingxenye Ezijwayelekile Nezokuhlanganisa Okuhlala Njalo: Ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kokuhlanganisa, i-AWWA D103 idinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi ezakhiwe ngamandla aphezulu (njengezibopho ze-Grade 10.9 ezishiswe nge-hot-dip) ezihlanganiswe nezinsiza zokwenziwa ezihlala isikhathi eside, ezivikela i-UV kanye nezinto zokubopha ezikhethekile ze-EPDM noma i-silicone mastic sealant.
2. Isayensi ye-Hot-Dip Galvanization (HDG)
Ukuqina okuhle kwezimbazo ezihlanganiswe nge-galvanized kusekelwe enqubeni ye-hot-dip galvanizing elawulwa efektri. Kunokuba kube njengomgoqo wokupenda nje ongaphambili, i-galvanizing idala ukuhlanganiswa okuyinhlanganisela phakathi kwe-zinc nesisekelo sensimbi yekhabhoni esingaphansi.
Inqubo Yokugalvanisa
1. Ukulungiswa Kwendawo Engaphezulu: Amabhodi ensimbi angahluziwe adlula engozini yokuhlanza izigaba eziningi ezibandakanya ukuhlanza ngamakhemikhali (caustic degreasing), ukucwenga ngesididi (acid pickling) ukuze kususwe uqweqwe olwakhiwa embonini (mill scale), kanye nokufaka i-flux ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugqwala ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa.
2. Ukucwilisa Ensini Engancibilikisiwe: Amabhodi ensimbi ahlanzekile ayacwiliswa ebhodweni le-zinc (molten zinc) elishisa kakhulu, ngokwesilinganiso ku-450°C.
3. Ukusabela Kwe-Metallurgical: Insalela nensipho enyibilikisiweyo iyasabela ngokwe-chemical, yakha uchungechunge lwezendlalelo ezivikelayo ze-zinc-iron alloy ezigqitshwe ngendlalelo yangaphandle ye-zinc.
Indlela Yokuvikela Ngokuzidela: > Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu ze-hot-dip galvanization ukuthi iyaziphilisa. Insipho isebenza njenge-anode yokuzidela. Uma ubuso bethangi buba khona noma buba monakale ngokomshini ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa noma ukufakwa ensimini, insipho ezungezile izobola kuqala, izidela ukuvikela insimbi esele ngaphansi ngokwe-electrochemical ekugqwaleni.
3. Isibonelo Sokubuyekezwa Kwesakhiwo Nokusebenza
Inzwa Yobunjiniyela | Amathangi Agqitshwe Ngensipho (HDG) | Amathangi Agqitshwe Ngensipho Ngokushisa (GFS) | Ukhonkolo OseJele |
Indlela Yokuvikela Ukugqwala | Isendlalelo se-Zinc Anode Esihlatshelwayo | Isendlalelo Esingasebenzi Sokuvikela Ingilazi-Ceramic | Isendlalelo Esingangeni Manzi |
Ububanzi Bokusebenza Be-pH Okuhle Kakhulu | pH 6.0 – 9.0 | pH 1.0 – 14.0 | pH 5.5 – 11.0 |
Izindleko Zokuqala Eziqhathanisiwe (CAPEX) | Phansi Kakhulu | Okuyikhethekile / Inani Eliphezulu | Phezulu (Umsebenzi Omningi / Izikhunta) |
Isikhathi Sokufaka Emkhakheni | Khawuleza Okukhulu (Ukubopha Okumodular) | Khawuleza Okukhulu (Ukubopha Okumodular) | Kancane (Ukuphola Okwandisiwe kwezinsuku eziyi-28) |
Uphawu Lokugcinwa | Phansi (Ukuhlolwa kwezinc ngezikhathi ezithile) | Okuncane (Ngempela akukho) | Phezulu (Ukuthanda ukuvuvukala/nokuvuza) |
4. Izicelo Zamasu Ezifanele
Ama-tanks e-AWWA D103 ensimbi egcwele i-galvanized aphumelela ezicelweni lapho i-chemistry yamanzi ihlala iphakathi nendawo futhi inani elingokoqobo lihlanganiswe nokusebenza okusheshayo endaweni:
● Ukugcina Ukuvikelwa Komlilo (NFPA 22): Ama-tanks e-galvanized asetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele njengezinqwaba zamanzi omlilo ezikhethekile. Ahambisana kahle nezindinganiso ze-NFPA 22, anikeza ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi okuphuthumayo okuqinisekisiwe ngokuphathwa okuphansi.
● Ukuhlinzekwa Kwamanzi Ezolimo Nokunisela: Ukuze kube nezolimo ezinkulu, ukujabulisa izinkomo, kanye nezinhlelo zokunisela ezisemaphandleni, ama-tanks e-HDG anikeza ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu ngentengo efinyeleleka.
● Isipele sikaMasipala kanye nokugudla amanzi aluhlaza: Ilungele ukugcina amanzi emithonjeni aluhlaza, izipele zikamasipala ezihlanzekile, futhi isebenza njengezindawo zokugudla ukugeleza ngaphambi kwamagridi okucubungula amanzi ahlanzekile.
● Isitoreji sezinto ezomile: Ngaphandle koketshezi, ukumelana nokuklebhuka okuqinile kwezendlalelo zensimbi-zinc kwenza amaphaneli ansundu ansundu abe izinketho ezinhle kakhulu zezindlu zamabele, isitoreji sezimbiwa, nokugcinwa kwezinkuni zezimboni.
5. Izinzuzo Zokuhambisa Nokufakwa
Ukushintsha kusuka ensimbi yakudala eyenziwe ngensimbi yasendaweni noma ukhonkolo oluqiniswe ubuchwepheshe bamaphaneli ansundu ansundu bakwenziwa efektri kususa amaphuzu avame kakhulu okuhluleka endaweni yokwakha:
● Akukho msebenzi oshisayo noma upende wasendaweni: Ngoba amaphaneli enziwa ngokuphelele futhi ansundu efektri elawulwayo, akukho sidingo sokushisela endaweni, ukuhlolwa kwe-x-ray okwakhiwo, noma upende we-volatile organic compound (VOC).
● Ukwakhiwa Ngokukhuphula Ngamandla Okwehlisayo (Top-Down Hydraulic Jacking): Abaqeqeshi bezokwakha basebenzisa izinhlelo ezikhethekile zamajack ezisebenzisa ugesi (hydraulic jacking systems) ezingeni lomhlabathi. Indandatho engaphezulu kanye nophahla kuhlanganiswa kuqala, bese kukhushulwa phezulu ukuze kuvunyelwe izindandatho ezilandelayo ezansi ukuthi zibotshwe. Lokhu kususa ngokuphelele ubungozi bezokuphepha kanye nezindleko ezihlobene nokusebenzisa izinsimbi zokukhuphuka eziphakeme kakhulu.
● Ukuthunyelwa Okuncane kanye Nesikhala Esincane: Amabhodi okwakha angahlanganisiwe abotshwe afakwa emakethini amancane, anciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuthutha ngolwandle kwamanye amazwe futhi avumela ukuthuthwa kalula ezindaweni zamaphrojekthi ezikude noma ezivinjelwe ngokwezindawo.
Ukwandisa Inani Lenani Lempahla Isikhathi Eside
Kubunjiniyela bokubonisana ngezindaba zemvelo, abaqondisi bemisebenzi yomphakathi, kanye nabasayini bezinkontileka ze-EPC, ukucacisa i-AWWA D103 Galvanized Steel Bolted Tank kuyindlela ehlakaniphile, esekelwe kudatha yokuphatha izimpahla zengqalasizinda. Ngokuhlanganisa amandla omshini wensimbi ye-carbon nokubuyiselwa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-hot-dip galvanization, leli hlelo eliyimodular lihlinzeka ngempilo yesevisi yokusebenza ethembekile, ehambisana nekhodi, edlula iminyaka engu-20 kuye kuya ku-30+. Imelela enye yezixazululo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezingabizi kakhulu zokugcina uketshezi ezitholakala emakethe yomhlaba yesimanje.
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